Ukuipaya—Icikuko ca Bacaice

CILI kwati inkondo, ukwipaya, no bukalushi tafyakwete amaka ya konaula abacaice, nomba kuli ukuipaya kwa bacaice. Ukubomfya imiti ikola no kunwesho bwalwa konaula imintontonkanya ne mibili ya bacaice no kulenga abacaice abengi ukufwa. Icileseeka nomba ca kuti pali setifiketi wa kushininkisha ukuti umo nafwa badokota balelembapo ukuti icamwipeye cili kunwesho muti—ku mufulo atemwa mu kukanaishiba.

Magazini wa Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report uwa April 28, 1995, atile “ukuipaya kuli e cikalamba icalenga butatu icilelenga imfwa pa bacaice abali ne myaka ukufuma kuli 15 ukufika ku 19 mu United States.” Mu citabo ca The Decade of the Brain, dokota J. J. Mann alembele ukuti: “Abena America ukucila pali 30,000 [mu 1995 impendwa yali 31,284] balaipaya cila mwaka. Ku ca bulanda, abacaice e baipaya sana . . . Imiku 10 ukucila pali balya bantu 30,000 baleesha ukuipaya, lelo balapusuka. . . . Ukwishiba abengaipaya caba bwafya bukalamba ku ba fipatala pa mulandu wa kuti tabengalekanya bwangu pa bapopomenwa nga nshi ica kuti bapingulapo ukuipaya na bashingacite co.”

Simon Sobo, umukalamba wa basambilila amalwele ya muntontonkanya pa New Milford Hospital, Connecticut, ku United States of America atile: “Muli shinde uno [1995] bengi baesha ukuipaya ukucila pa fyo namona mu myaka 13 iyo naba pano.” Mu United States, amakana ya bacaice baleesha ukuipaya cila mwaka. Ukwesha ukuipaya kulangilila ukuti balefwaya ukwafwiwa no kupooswako amano. Bushe ni bani bakabafwilisha ilyo mulamba talatulula?

Ubwafya bwe Sonde Lyonse

Iyi mibele taipuseneko sana ku yaba mu fyalo ifingi. Ukulingana na magazini wa India Today, mu India abacaice mupepi na 30,000 baliipeye mu 1990. Mu Canada, Finland, France, Israel, Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Switzerland, na Thailand, impendwa ya bacaice baipaya naingilishiwako. Mu 1996 akabungwe ka United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) kashimike ukuti impendwa ya bacaice baipaya sana yaba mu Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, New Zealand, Russia, na Slovenia.

Ku Australia na ko e kwaba impendwa ikalamba mwi sonde iya bacaice baipaya. Inyunshipepala ya The Canberra Times yashimike ukuti muli ici calo, pa balumendo na bakashana abafwile mu 1995 amaperesenti 25 aya balumendo na maperesenti 17 aya bakashana baipeye fye. Impendwa ya balumendo abena Australia abaipaya yaacila imiku isano pa mpendwa ya banakashi. Impendwa yapalako e isangwa na mu fyalo ifingi.

Bushe ici cilepilibula ukuti abalumendo baleeshapo sana ukuipaya ukucila abakashana? Iyo. Ukufwailisha kulangilila ubupusano bunono pa balumendo na bakashana abesha ukuipaya. Nangu cibe fyo, ukulingana no lupapulo lwa The Progress of Nations ulwasabankanishiwa na UNICEF “impendwa ya balumendo baipaya icilapo imiku ine pa mpendwa ya bakashana baipaya mu fyalo ifikankaala ukulingana ne fipendo fipya ifya kabungwe ka World Health Organization.”

Lelo ne fi fipendo fya kutiinya tafingalangilila bwino bwino ifyo ubwafya bukulile. Ifipendo pa lwa bacaice baipaya ififuma ku ba fipatala na baceeceeta fyalyanguka ukubelenga. Nangu cibe fyo, ico abantu bafilwa ukutesekesha nelyo ukumona pa cipendo cimo na cimo icishambukila caba ni ndupwa shabongoloka, ukukalifiwa, ukucululuka, no kupelelwa ukwa bafwililwe ilyo balefwaya ifyalengele.

E co, bushe utuyofi twa musango yu pamo ngo kuipaya kwa bacaice kuti twasengaukwa? Ifilenga ifikalamba fimo nafishibikwa kabili kuti fyaafwa mu kusengauka iyi mibele ya bulanda.

[Akabokoshi pe bula 5]

Ifilenga umo Ukuipaya

Kwaliba imfundo ishingi pa lwa filenga umo ukuipaya. Icitabo ca The American Medical Association Encyclopedia of Medicine cishimika ukuti: “Umo kuti aipaya lintu amona ubwafya bulemutiinya, pamo ngo kuyumfwa uwanunukako, imfwa ya mutemwikwa (na kucilisha umwina mobe), ukulekana kwa bafyashi ilyo ucili umwaice, amalwele yabipisha, ukukota, ukubulwe ncito, ukubulwe ndalama, no kubomfya imiti ikola.”

Ukulingana no wasambilila ifya bwikashi Emile Durkheim, kwaba ukuipaya kwa misango ine:

1. Egoistic suicide—Citunganishiwa ukuti uyu musango wa “kuipaya ni pa mulandu wa kuti umo tabombela pamo na ba mu bwikashi. Pa mulandu wa kuti baba fye beka, abaipaya mu musango wa egoistic suicide tababombela pamo no bwikashi, nelyo ukushintilila pali bwene.” Ilingi baba abatalalilwa.

2. Altruistic suicide—Uuipaya muli uyu musango “alaibimba sana mwi bumba limo ica kuti alayumfwa ifyo kuti acita icili conse ku kuleka ibumba lilya limwenemo.” Ifya kumwenako fyapeelwa fyaba bena Japan baleensha indeke abaishibikwe nga bakamikaze mu Nkondo ya Calo iya bubili na ba mipepele bakwata imimwene yacishamo abafwilapo pa kwipaya abalwani babo. Ifya kumwenako fimbi kuti fyaba fya baipusula ukupitila mu kuipaya pa kuti abantu bapoose amano kwi bumba litungililwa ku bashilika.

3. Anomic suicide—“Uuipaya mu musango wa anomic suicide alafilwa ukupikulula amafya mu nshila yabamo ukupelulula kabili asalapo ukuipaya nge cingapikulula ubwafya. [Ici] cibako lintu ukwampana kwaba pali umo na bantu uko abelesha kwaaluka mu kupumikisha kabili mu kufulunganya.”

4. Fatalistic suicide—Citunganishiwa ukuti uyu musango wa “kuipaya ni pa mulandu wa mafunde ya bwikashi ayacishamo ayapelesha ubuntungwa bwa umo.” Abantu ba musango yu bayumfwa ukuti tabengatwalilila ukuba abomi.” Ifyebo fyambwilwe fifumine mu citabo ca Adolescent Suicide: Assessment and Intervention, casabankanishiwa na Alan L. Berman na David A. Jobes.

[Icikope pe bula 5]

Incitilo shimo ishabipa ishingalenga uwacaice ukuipaya