Icilye Casumbuka ica Europe Caikatilila Insambu sha Kushimikila mu Greece

MULANDU nshi umuntu uutashiwa ku bena mupalamano bakwe engekatilwa ukucila pa miku 60 ukutula mu 1938? Mulandu nshi uyu shimakwebo wa mwi tuuka uwa bufumacumi uwa ku cishi ca Crete ica mu Greece engaletelwa pa ntanshi ya filye fya cina Greece imiku 18 no kubikwa mu cifungo ukucila pa myaka mutanda? Ee, mulandu nshi untu uyu mwaume wapikintika uwa lupwa, Minos Kokkinakis, engafumishiwa ku mukashi wakwe na bana basano no kubikwa muli bunkole pa fishi fyalekanalekana ifya kukandilwapo?

Amafunde ayapangilwe mu 1938 na mu 1939 ayalebinda ukucite nsangu e yashingamwa apakalamba. Aya mafunde yaimikwe na dikiteta wa cina Greece Ioannis Metaxas, uwalebomba pe samba lya kusonga kwe Calici lya Greek Orthodox.

Pamo nge ca kufuma muli ili funde, ukufuma mu 1938 ukufika ku 1992, kwaliko ukwikata 19,147 ukwa Nte sha kwa Yehova, kabili ifilye fyapeele ubupingushi ubwakwete ubwingi bonse pamo imyaka 753, 593 iya yene mu cituntulu yalibombelwe. Ici conse calicitilwe pa mulandu wa kuti Inte mu Greece, nge fyo caba konse, bakonka amakambisho ya kwa Yesu Kristu aya ‘kulenga aba nko shonse ukuba abasambi, . . . ukubasambilisha ukubaka fyonse’ fintu akambishe.—Mateo 28:19, 20.

Lelo pa May 25, 1993, kwaliko ukucimfya kukalamba mu kwimininako ubuntungwa bwa kupepa! Pali bulya bushiku Icilye ca mu Europe ica Nsambu sha Buntu mu Strasbourg, France, caikatilile insambu sha mwikashi wa ku Greece isha kusambilisha ifisumino fyakwe kuli bambi. Mu kupingule fyo, ici cilye cikalamba ica mu Europe capangile ukucingilila kwafunguluka ku buntungwa bwa butotelo ubo pambi bwingakwata ukusonga kwashika pa bumi bwa bantu ukuli konse.

Natuloleshe mu kupalamisha pa fya kucitika, ukusanshako umuseebanya uwapitilemo umwikashi wa mu Greece umo, ifyatungulwile kuli uku kupingulapo kukalamba ukwa cilye.

Ifyashingulukako Ifya mu Kubangilila

Mu 1938 uyu mwikashi, Minos Kokkinakis, abele e wa kubalilapo uwa Nte sha kwa Yehova ukusangwa no mulandu pe samba lye funde lya cina Greece ililenga ukucite nsangu ukuba umulandu wa buntalamisoka. Ukwabula ukupeelwe shuko lya kulubulula, atuminwe ku cifungo pa myeshi 13 muli bunkole pa cishi ca bemba wa Aegean ica Amorgos. Mu 1939 apingwilwe imiku ibili no kubikwa mu cifungo pa myeshi ibili na citika umuku umo na umo.

Mu 1940, Kokkinakis abikilwe mu bunkole pa myeshi mutanda ku cishi ca Melos. Umwaka wakonkelepo, mu kati ka Nkondo ya Calo iya II, abikilwe mu nkambi ya kucushiwilwamo mu cifungo ca bashilika mu Athens pa myeshi ukucila pali 18. Ukukuma kuli cilya ciputulwa ca nshita, aibukisha ati:

“Ukubulwe ca kulya mu cifungo kwaile kulebipilako. Twalinakwike nga nshi ica kuti tatwali na maka ya kwenda. Nga tacali ni Nte ukufuma mu ncende sha Athens na Piraeus abatupayanishisheko ifya kulya ukufuma ku fyapelebela fintu bakwete, nga twalifwile.” Pa numa, mu 1947, alipingwilwe na kabili no kubomba na imbi imyeshi ine na citika mu cifungo.

Mu 1949, Minos Kokkinakis atwelwe mu bunkole ku cishi ca Makrónisos, ishina ilileta ku mintontonkanya ya bena Greece ifikope fya kutiinya pa mulandu wa cifungo caba kulya. Pa kati ka bafungwa mupepi na 14,000 ababikilwe mu cifungo pa Makrónisos, mupepi na 40 bali ni Nte. Encyclopedia ya ciGreek Papyros Larousse Britannica ilandapo ukuti: “Inshila sha kucululusha kwakaluka, . . . umusango wa mikalile, iishingapokelelwa ku luko lwatumpuluka, ne mibele yabotelela iya bakalinda ukulola ku bafungwa . . . fya nsoni ku lyashi lya kale ilya Greece.”

Kokkinakis, uwaikele umwaka mu cifungo pa Makrónisos, alondolwele imibele ati: “Abashilika, ukupala ifilundwa fye bumba lya Kulubulwisha kwakaluka, bali no kwipusha mu bunkalwe umufungwa umo na umo ukufumo lucelo ukufika icungulo. Amashiwi yalafilwa ukulondolola ukucululusha kuntu balepeela. Abafungwa abengi balepena; bambi baleipaiwa; impendwa ikalamba baleshala abalemana lwa ku mubili. Mu kati ka isho nshita sha bushiku isha kutiinya ilintu twaleumfwa ukulila no kuteta kwa abo abalecululushiwa, twali no kupepa nge bumba.”

Pa numa ya kupusunsuka mu mafya pa Makrónisos, Kokkinakis aliketwe imiku na imbi mutanda mu kati ka ba1950 kabili abikilwe imyeshi ikumi mu cifungo. Muli ba1960 aliketwe imiku yalundwako ine kabili apingwililwe imyeshi cinekonsekonse mu cifungo. Lelo ibukisheni, Minos Kokkinakis aali fye ni umo pa kati ka myanda ya Nte sha kwa Yehova abo pa myaka iingi baiketwe no kupooswa mu fifungo pa mulandu wa kuti balelanda kuli bambi pa lwa citetekelo cabo!

Cali shani ukuti ulufyengo lushaibipila ulwasongelekanishiwe ku kulwisha Inte sha kwa Yehova mu Greece mu kupelako lwise pa ntanshi ya Cilye ca mu Europe ica Nsambu sha Buntu?

Umulandu wa Kusomfya Akanwa

Umulandu watendeke pa March 2, 1986. Pali bulya bushiku Minos Kokkinakis, uwali pali iyo nshita ni shimakwebo walambuka umukalamba wa myaka ya bukulu 77, no mukashi wakwe batandalile iŋanda ya kwa Georgia muka Kyriakaki mu Sitia, Crete. Umulume wakwe, Kyriakaki, kembisha wa nyimbo pe calici lya cikaya ilya Orthodox, aishibishe bakapokola. Bakapokola balishile no kwikata Kokkinakis no mukashi wakwe, abo lyene batwelwe ku citesheni ca bakapokola ica cikaya. Bapatikishiwe ukusendama kulya.

Mulandu nshi wapeelwe kuli bene? Ni umo wine uupeelwa ku Nte sha kwa Yehova amakana ya miku mu kati ka myaka yafumineko 50, ukuulumbula, ukuti balecita insangu. Konstichushoni wa mu Greece (1975), Icipande 13, cilondolola ukuti: “Ukucita insangu kwalibindwa.” Langulukeni mu kutwalilila ifunde lya mu Greece, iciputulwa 4, ilyalenga 1363/1938 na 1672/1939, ililenga ukucita insangu umulandu wa misoka. Litila:

“Ukuti ‘ukucite nsangu’ cipilibula, maka maka, ukwesha kwa kulungatika nelyo ukushili kwa kulungatika ukusokelela mu fisumino fya muntu wa cikonkelelo ca butotelo bumbi . . . , mu kuba no buyo bwa kunyantawila ifyo fisumino, atemwa mu nshila iili yonse iya kusembeleka nelyo ukulaya kwa kusembeleka nelyo ukutungilila kwa mu mibele nelyo ukwafwilisha kwa ku mubili, nelyo ukupitila mu nshila sha kufinsha nelyo ukupitila mu kushukila ukukanabelesha kwakwe, ukucetekela, ukukabila, ukushilimuka kunono nelyo ubumbuulu.”

Icilye ca Ntalamisoka pa Lasithi, Crete, calubulwishe umulandu pa March 20, 1986, no kusanga Kokkinakis no mukashi wakwe no mulandu wa kucite nsangu. Bonse babili bapingwililwe imyeshi ine mu cifungo. Mu kupingula aba abaupana babili, icilye cabilishe ukuti aba bashimilandu balisokelele “mu fisumino fya butotelo bwa Bena Kristu ba ciOrthodox . . . ukupitila mu kushukila ukukanabelesha kwabo, ukushilimuka kwabo ukunono no bumbuulu bwabo.” Bashimilandu na kabili bapeelwe umulandu wa “kukoselesha [muka ba Kyriakaki] ukupitila mu kulondolola kwabo ukwalamuka, ukwacenjela . . . ku kwalula ifisumino fyakwe ifya buKristu bwa ciOrthodox.”

Ubupingushi bwalicitilwe apilu ku Crete Court of Appeal (Icilye ca Apilu ica mu Crete). Pa March 17, 1987, ici cilye ca mu Crete calekeleko muka Kokkinakis lelo ukusungilila ubupingushi bwa mulume wakwe, nelyo cingatila cabwesesheko ukukakwa kwakwe ukwa mu cifungo ku myeshi itatu. Ubupingushi bwatungile ukuti Kokkinakis aali “nashukila ukukanabelesha kwa kwa [muka ba Kyriakaki], ukushilimuka kwakwe ukunono no bumbuulu.” Bwasosele ukuti “atendeke ukubelenga ifipande ukufuma mu Malembo ya Mushilo, yantu mu kubamo kucenjela asobolwele mu nshila ya kuti umwanakashi wa buKristu, pa kubulisha umufula wine wine mu cifundisho, tali na maka ya kupaashako.”

Mwi tontonkanyo lya kukanyako, umo uwa bakapingula ba apilu alembele ukuti Kokkinakis “alingile na o ukulekwako, apo tapali ubushininkisho nangu bumo ubulelanga ukuti Georgia Kyriakaki . . . ali mu kulungatika uushabelesha mu cifundisho ca buKristu bwa ciOrthodox, pa kuba uwaupwa kuli kembisha wa nyimbo mu calici, nelyo mu kulungatika ngo wa kushilimuka kunono nelyo mu kulungatika ukuti mumbuulu, ica kuti uyu shimilandu ali na maka ya kumushukila kabili . . . [muli fyo] ukumusembeleka ukusanguka icilundwa ca cakaniko ca Nte sha kwa Yehova.”

Kokkinakis acitile apilu umulandu ku Court of Cassation iya mu Greece, Icilye Casumbukisha ica Greece. Lelo cilya cilye cakankile pa mbali ulya apilu pa April 22, 1988. E co pa August 22, 1988, Kokkinakis aipwishe ku European Commission of Human Rights (Icibombelo ca mu Europe ica pa Nsambu sha Buntu). Ukwipusha kwakwe mu kupelako kwapokelelwe pa February 21, 1992, kabili kwalisuminishiwe ku Cilye ca mu Europe ica Nsambu sha Buntu.

Ifishinte fya Mulandu

Apantu Greece aba cilundwa ca Council of Europe (Akabungwe ka mu Europe), alikakililwako ukubomba mu kumfwana ne fipande fya European Convention on Human Rights (Ibumba lya mu Europe lya pa Nsambu sha Buntu). Icipande 9 ica Convention cibelengwa ukuti: “Uuli onse alikwata insambu ku buntungwa bwe tontonkanyo, kampingu no butotelo; ishi nsambu shisanshamo ubuntungwa bwa kwalula ubutotelo bwakwe nelyo ifisumino no buntungwa, atemwa pa lwakwe nelyo mu kwampana na bambi kabili pa lwalala nelyo mu bumfisolo, ukulangisha ubutotelo bwakwe nelyo icisumino, mu kupepa, ukusambilisha, imibombele no kusefya.”

Muli fyo, ubuteko bwa Greece bwabele e shimilandu mu cilye ca Europe. Bwapeelwe umulandu wa kutoba apabuuta insambu ya buntu iya citendekelo iya mwikashi wa mu Greece iya kubelesha ubutotelo mu kumfwana ne kambisho lya kwa Yesu Kristu, ukulilumbula, ‘ukusambilisha no kupanga abasambi.’ (Mateo 28:19, 20) Mu kulundapo, umutumwa Petro atile: “[Yesu] atukonkomeshe ukubila ku Bantu, no [kushimikisha].”—Imilimo 10:42.

Uwafumine uwaibela magazini wa 1992 Human Rights Without Frontiers akwete umutwe wa pa nkupo uwa kuti “Greece—Ukutoba kwa ku Mufulo Ukwa Nsambu sha Buntu.” Magazini alondolwele pe bula 2 ukuti: “Greece e calo fye ceka mu EC [European Community (Cibwanse ca Europe)] na mu Europe onse icakwata amafunde ya kukanda ayaletako ukulipilishiwa no kupooswa mu cifungo ukubikwa pa uli onse uulesonga umuntu umbi ukwalula ubutotelo bwakwe.”

E co pali nomba ukucincimuka ku nse na mu kati ka bantu babomba na mafunde kwalesumbana. Cinshi cali no kupingulwa ukukuma kwi funde lya mu Greece ilibinda ukusambilisha ifisumino fya umo kuli bambi?

Ukulubulula mu Strasbourg

Mu kulekelesha ubushiku bwa kulubulula bwalifikile—November 25, 1992. Kwali amakumbi yafitula pa Strasbourg, kabili impepo yalepuupa, lelo mu kati ka Cilye baloya balebilima mu kukansana. Pa maawala yabili ubushininkisho bwalepeelwa. Profesa Phedon Vegleris, shimafunde wa kwa Kokkinakis, afikile pa nkonta ya mulandu, ukwipusho kuti: ‘Bushe ili funde lyabamo kucilikila ilyapangilwe ku kucingilila ifilundwa fye Calici lya Greek Orthodox ukukanaalwilwa ku fisumino fimbi fya butotelo lilingile ukutwalilila ukubako no kulabomfiwa?’

Uwapelenganishiwa mu kumoneka, Profesa Vegleris aipwishe ati: “Ndapapa umulandu ili funde [lya kucite nsangu] lilinganishisha buorthodox pamo no butumpe no bumbuulu. Lyonse fye nalepapa umulandu buorthodox bukabila ukucingililwa ku butumpe, ku kukanafikapo kwa ku mupashi . . . Ici cintu cimo icinsakamika kabili icintulumusha.” Mu kumonekesha, umwiminishi wa kamfulumende tali na maka ya kupeelako inshita imo muli iyo ili funde lyabomfiwe ku uli onse umbi pa mbali ya Nte sha kwa Yehova.

Shimafunde wa cibili uwa kwa Kokkinakis, Mr. Panagiotis Bitsaxis, alangile fintu ifunde lya kucite nsangu lishabamo ukupelulula. Atile: “Ukupokelela ukusonga umo no munankwe caba cifwaikwa ku kulanshanya pa kati ka bantu bakalamba. Nga te ifyo, kuti twaba ulubali lwa sosaite umweni uwa finama fya mutalalila, ifingatontonkanya lelo ukukanailumbulwila, ifingalanda lelo ifishingomfwana, ifingekalako ifyumi lelo te kwikala mu mutende na bambi.”

Mr. Bitsaxis na kabili apaashishe ukuti “Kokkinakis alisenwikwe te ‘pa cintu bacitile’ lelo [pa] ‘cintu aba.’” E ico, Mr. Bitsaxis e fyo alangile, ukuti ifishinte fya buntungwa bwa butotelo tafyali ifyatobwa fye lelo ukushonaulwa umupwilapo.

Abeminishi ba buteko bwa Greece balyeseshe ukulete cikope capusana ku cituntulu, ukutunga ukuti Greece aba “ni Paradise wabamo insambu sha buntu.”

Ubupingushi

Ubushiku bwaleenekelwa apalepa ubwa kupisha ubupingushi bwalifikile—May 25, 1993. Mu kulumbulule mimwene kwa bantu mutanda ukulwishanya na batatu, Icilye capingwile ukuti kamfulumende wa Greece yalitoba ubuntungwa bwa butotelo ubwa kwa Minos Kokkinakis wa myaka ya bukulu 84. Ukusansha pa kwebela inshila yakwe ya bumi iya butumikishi bwa pa cintubwingi, camufutile $14,400 nge cilambu. Icilye muli fyo calikene ukupaasha kwa kamfulumende ya Greece ukwa kuti Kokkinakis ne Nte sha kwa Yehova balabomfya imicenjelo ya kutitikisha lintu balelanshanya ifisumino fyabo na bambi.

Nangu cingatila Konsitichushoni wa mu Greece ne funde lyakokwesha kuti pambi fyalesha ukucite nsangu, icilye casumbuka mu Europe capingwile ukuti ukubomfye ili funde ku kupakasa Inte sha kwa Yehova calilubana. Tacaba mu kumfwana ne Cipande 9 ica European Convention on Human Rights.

Ubupingushi bwa cilye bwalondolwele ukuti: “Ubutotelo bwali lubali lwa ‘kukonkoloka kupyanikwapo lyonse ukwe tontonkanyo lya buntunse’ kabili cali icishingacitika ukutontonkanya ulwa bwene ukufumishiwamo mu kukansana kwa cintubwingi.”

Itontonkanyo lya kusuminishanya no bupingushi ilya umo uwa bakapingula pabula lyatile: “Ukucite nsangu, ukwalondololwa nga ‘ukupimpa mu kusalanganya icitetekelo,’ te kuti kukandwe nge fyo; yaba ni nshila—iyaba mwi funde mu kupwililika mu ine yeka—iya kulangisha ubutotelo bwa umo.’

“Muli uno mulandu shimilandu [Kokkinakis] asangilwe no mulandu wa kulangisha fye ukupimpa kwa musango yo, ukwabula akabi akali konse pa lubali lwakwe.”

Ifya Kufumamo fya Bupingushi

Ubutungulushi bwalengama ubwa European Court of Human Rights buli bwa kuti abalashi ba kamfulumende ya Greece baleke ukubomfya bubi bubi ifunde ilibinda ukucite nsangu. Mu kubamo isubilo, Greece akekalila ku butungulushi bwa cilye no kuleka ukupakasa kwabo Inte sha kwa Yehova.

Tacaba mifwaile ya Nte sha kwa Yehova ukuletako ukwaluka mu kwangalila capamo nelyo ukwalula imicitile ye funde. Ukwangwako kwabo kukalamba kwaba kushimikila imbila nsuma iya Bufumu bwa kwa Lesa mu cumfwila kwi kambisho lya kwa Yesu Kristu. Pa kucite ci, nangu cibe fyo, balaba abasekelela ‘ukucingilila kabili mwi funde ukwikasha imbila nsuma,’ nge fyacitile umutumwa Paulo mu mwanda wa myaka uwa kubalilapo.—Abena Filipi 1:7.

Inte sha kwa Yehova baba bekashi babaka ifunde mu fyalo muntu bekala. Pali fyonse, nangu cibe fyo, balatuninkishiwa ukumfwila ifunde lya bulesa nga fintu lyalembwa muli Baibolo wa Mushilo. E ico, nga ca kuti ifunde lya calo icili conse lyababinda ukulande fisumino fyabo ifyashimpwa pali Baibolo kuli bambi, balapatikishiwa ukubuula icifulo ca batumwa ica kuti: “Tuli no kunakila Lesa ukucilo kunakila abantu.”—Imilimo 5:29.

[Akabokoshi pe bula 28]

UKUPAKASWA KWALUMINISHIWA NA BASHIBUTOTELO KWATWALILILA

Ukwesha kuli bashibutotelo mu Greece ukwa ‘kupango kucululusha ku fipope’ kwalitwalilila pa makumi ya myaka. (Ilumbo 94:20) Ica kucitika na cimbi pa cishi ca Crete pali nomba line calipikululwa. Ku numa mu 1987 shikofu wa cikaya na bashimapepo 13 bali nabapeela Inte pabula umulandu wa kucite nsangu. Mu kupelako, pa January 24, 1992, umulandu waishile pa cilye.

Icilye caliswile paa. Mupepi na bashimapepo 35 epo bali ku kwafwilisha bakapeela ba milandu. Nangu cibe fyo, ubwingi bwa fipuna fyali nafikalwapo kale kale ne Nte abaishile ku kukoselesha bamunyinabo ba Bwina Kristu. Nelyo fye pa ntanshi ukulubulula takulatendeka, shimafunde wa balepeelwa umulandu ali nalondolola ifilubo fyabipisha ifye funde ifyapangilwe na bakapeela ba mulandu.

Icafuminemo cali ca kuti abo babimbilwe mu milandu ye funde balifumine ku kuyakumana pa mbali. Pa numa ya maawala yabili na citika aya kulanshanya, Shamfumu wa Cilye abilishe ukuti loya wa bashimilandu alilungike. E ico imilandu yapeelwe ku Nte pabula yalifuutilwe! Apingwile ukuti ukufwailisha kwalekabila ukutendekwa cipya cipya pa kupampamina nampo nga abapeelwe umulandu nabashininwa ulwa kucite nsangu.

Ilintu fye ukubilisha kwacitilwe, icimpungili calimine mu ŋanda ya cilye. Bashimapepo batendeke ukupunda ifintiinya ne nsele. Shimapepo umo asanshile loya wa Nte sha kwa Yehova no musalaba no kwesha ukumupatikisha ukupepa wene. Bakapokola bali no kunyantukilamo, na ba Nte mu kulekelesha bali na maka ya kufuma mu mutalalila.

Pa numa ukulubulula kwafuutilwe, kapeela wa milandu uwa cintubwingi apekenye umulandu upya ukulwisha Inte pabula. Ukulubulula kwatantikilwe ku April 30, 1993, imilungu fye itatu pa ntanshi ba European Court of Human Rights tabalapeela ubupingushi bwabo mu mulandu wa kwa Kokkinakis. Na kabili kwaliko bashimapepo abengi mwi bumba.

Baloya ba bashimilandu pabula baletele ukukaanya kwa kuti abapeele Inte umulandu tabalimo mu cilye. Mu kukwankwanya kwakwe ukwa kupekanya ukupeele milandu ukupya, kapeela wa milandu uwa cintubwingi apangile impuso ikalamba iya kukanatuma ifikalata kuli bakapeela ba milandu. E co baloya ba Nte baipwishe icilye ukufuuta ukulubulula pe shinte lya ici cilubo cakulisha.

Ilyo cali fyo, bakapingula bafumine mu cilye no kulanshanya capamo mupepi ne awala limo. Ilyo babwelele, Shamfumu wa Cilye, nakontamina pa nshi, abilishe Inte shonse pabula ukuba aba kaele.

Inte mu Greece bali aba kutasha pa lwa ca kufumamo ca uyu mulandu, na pa lwa kupingulapo kwa cilye ca European Court of Human Rights ukwapeelwe mu mulandu wa kwa Kokkinakis pa May 25 iya uno mwaka. Amapepo yabo yali ya kuti pamo nge ca kufumamo ca uku kucimfya kwa mwi funde, bakaba na maka ya kwikala ubumi bwabo ubwa Bwina Kristu “bwa kutekanya kabili ubwa mutelelwe muli bukapepa bonse, no mucinshi.”—1 Timote 2:1, 2.

[Icikope pe bula 31]

Minos Kokkinakis no mukashi wakwe