Shina Eswe Waze Akuliamba Ngwo “Akwa-Kristu” Kali Lume Akwa-Kristu Amwenemwene?

MUSONO, atu anji kanyingikine kanawa iya yoze uli Mukwa-Kristu wamwenemwene. Mumu liaka? Mukanda Atlas of Global Christianity unambe ngwo, hano hashi hatwama atu anji waze akuliamba ngwo Akwa-Kristu. Alioze, atu jacho kakuwayila Zambi mu majila alisa. Mukanda wacho unambe nawa ngwo, Akwa-Kristu jacho, katwama mu yizavu tununu 41, chikwo nawa hita chizavu chikwete shimbi ni yitanga yo. Mumu lia kalumbanganyishi wa yizavu yino ya “Akwa-Kristu,” amwe kakukakajana ni kuhonga. Kashika ayo kakulihula ngwo: ‘Shina eswe waze akuliamba ngwo kali Akwa-Kristu, kali lume Akwa-Kristu amwenemwene?’

Tutalenu chimwe chilweza. Tunyongenu ngwe mutu umwe kanayi wenyi mu chifuchi chambala. Muze mahetamo katambile wika kuhanjika jina lienyi hanji kusolola jina lia chifuchi kuze anakatuka kuli manguvulu. Alioze, katamba nawa kusolola mukanda wa mu chifuchi muze anakatuka. Chizechene nawa, Mukwa-Kristu wamwenemwene katambile wika kwamba ngwenyi kali ni ufulielo muli Kristu, alioze katamba kulingako nawa yimwe. Yuma yika yenayo atamba kulinga?

Liji “Mukwa-Kristu” kaputukile kulizachisa hanyima lia mwaka 44 M.J. Luka kasonekene ngwenyi: “Ku Andiakia kwenako aputukile kuluka tumbaji ngwo, Akwa Kristu.” (Yilinga 11:26) Tumbaji twa Yesu e wika apwile ni kuvuluka ngwo Akwa-Kristu. Yika mutu atamba kulinga mba amusanyike ngwo Mukwa-Kristu? Umwe mukanda avuluka ngwo Dicionário Internacional de Teologia do Novo Testamento unambe ngwo: “Kupwa kambaji ka Yesu, chakufupiwa kulihana [cha mutu] ni mbunge yenyi yeswe . . . ku mwono wenyi weswe.” Kashika, Mukwa-Kristu wamwenemwene, kali mutu yoze wakukaula malongeso ni shimbi ja Yesu ni mbunge yenyi yeswe nawa ni mwono wenyi weswe.

Shina musono chili chashi kuwana Akwa-Kristu amwenemwene mukachi ka atu waze akuliamba ngwo kali Akwa-Kristu? Yika mwene Yesu ambile yize te muyisolola ngwo wano e tumbaji twenyi amwenemwene? Tunakwichi kuwana makumbululo a yihula yino mu Mbimbiliya. Ha yikuma yize muyikaulaho, mutushimutwinaho yuma yitano yize Yesu alumbunwine ni yize muyitukwasa kunyingika waze ali tumbaji twenyi amwenemwene. Mutuhengwola nawa chize Akwa-Kristu a ku sekulu yitangu apwile kukaula malongeso a Yesu. Chikwo nawa,mutumona Akwa-Kristu waze musono akukaula shimbi jino.

“Munutwama mu Maliji Jami”

“Nyi munutwama mu maliji jami, mba chamwenemwene munupwa tumbaji twami. Kumunukanyingika umwenemwene, mba umwenemwene kumuukanutusula.”—YOANO 8:31, 32.

Yika Yino Yinalumbunuka: “Maliji” a Yesu kali malongeso jenyi waze akatukile kuli Zambi. Kashika Yesu ambile ngwenyi: “Tata yoze wangutumine, iye mwe hanangwehe shimbi, chize mungwamba, ni chize munguhanjika.” (Yoano 12:49) Muze alembele kuli Yehova Zambi tato wa mu malilu, iye kambile ngwenyi: “Liji lie we umwenemwene.” Yesu kapwile ni kutongola Liji lia Zambi mashimbu eswe hanga ashindakenye malongeso jenyi. (Yoano 17:17; Mateu 4:4, 7, 10) Kashika, Akwa-Kristu amwenemwene ‘kakutwama mu maliji jenyi’ ha kutayiza Liji lia Zambi, Mbimbiliya ngwe “umwenemwene” nawa muze mwakukatuka malongeso jo ni yize atamba kulinga ku mwono wo.

Kuchi Akwa-Kristu a ku Sekulu Yitangu Akawile Usongwelo Uno? Postolo Paulu yoze wasonekene mikanda yinji ya mu Mbimbiliya, kapwile ni kuvumbika Liji lia Zambi ngwe chize alingile Yesu. Iye yamba ngwenyi: “Yisoneko yeswe yapwa we mwiku wa Zambi, neyo kuyafumbuka.” (2 Timoteu 3:16) Malunga waze atongwele hanga alongese Akwa-Kristu akwo, te katamba “kukakaminya ku liji lia umwenemwene lize liakulita ni lie longeso.” (Titu 1:7, 9) Akwa-Kristu a ku sekulu yitangu, kaatowezele hanga ehuke ‘mana a kwonga ni kulembejeka chamokomoko, nikulita ni ndongo ja atu, ni shimbi ja hano hashi, hi ja Kristu ko.’—A-Kolosu 2:8.

Aya Waze Anakaula Usongwelo Uno Musono? Kulita ni Constituição Dogmática Dei Verbum sobre a Revelação Divina, do Vaticano, yize asonekene ha mwaka 1965 nawa yize anatongola mu Catecismo da Igreja Católica yinambe ngwo: “Ingeleja ya [Katólica] kuyishi kuchiza wika mu Sagrada Escritura shindakenyo yamo ya yuma yize asonekenemo. Kashika [a tradição sagrada e a Sagrada Escritura] katamba kuyilemesa ni kuyivumbika.” Umwe mutwe wa mukanda Maclean’s unahanjika hakutwala kuli umwe mwata wa pwo wa ingeleja mu Toronto, Canadá. Pwo wacho yahula ngwenyi: “Mumu liaka tunafupiwa kukaula limwe liji lize hilialinga tununu aali a miaka hanga litusongwele? Tukwete manyonga jetu apema, alioze kakupiha mumu lia kukwasa manyonga ni malongeso a Yesu.”

Kulita ni New Catholic Encyclopedia (Nova Enciclopédia Católica) yinambe hakutwala kuli Yela ja Yehova ngwo: “[Ayo] kakumona Mbimbiliya ngwe chishina cha malongeso jo ni shimbi ja yuma yize atamba kulinga.” Mu Canadá umwe Chela cha Yehova te kanalisolola kuli umwe lunga, chocho iye yamwamba ngwenyi: “Ngunakunyingika kanawa.” Chikwo nawa, yamika ku Mbimbiliya yenyi ni kumulweza ngwenyi: “Achi che chilayi chize chakunusolola.”

‘Kulihandununa ni Akwa-Hashi’

“Akwa hashi hanaavwila kole, mumu o hi akwa hashi ko.”—YOANO 17:14.

Yika Yino Yinalumbunuka: Yesu kasolwele ngwenyi, keshi kulinga chihanda cha hano hashi, ha kwehuka kulinjisa mu yuma ya mafwefwe ha mashimbu jenyi. Iye yamba ngwenyi: “Wanangana wami hi wa hashi ko. Nyi kachi wanangana wami wapwa wa hashi, kachi tumbaji twami jita anase, hanga kechi kangukunjika kuli A-Yunda: alioze haliapwila wanangana wami hi wa hano ko.” (Yoano 18:36) Yesu kakolwezele nawa tumbaji twenyi hanga ehuke kulinga ni kuhanjika yuma yize kuyishi kulita ni Liji lia Zambi.—Mateu 20:25-27.

Kuchi Akwa-Kristu a ku Sekulu Yitangu Akawile Usongwelo Uno? Kulita ni Jonathan Dymond umwe mukwa-mana yoze wakusoneka hakutwala ku mayingeleja yamba ngwenyi: “Akwa-Kristu a ku sekulu yitangu kalitunyine kulinjisa mu jita, chipwe ngwe te kananyingika ngwo maasa mu zuwo lia ususu, kwalamikiza ni kwashiha.” O kasakwile kumona lamba ha kuhona kwehuka shimbi ya kulihandununa ni akwa-hashi. Yitanga yo yipema yapwile kusolola kalisa ni akwo. Mbimbiliya yinambe ngwo: “Chinaashimi chize kunushi kuzomboka hamwe no mu muhwiji umuwika wa kuhungumuka ni yipi, kashika ananulamikiza.” (1 Petulu 4:4) Will Durant umwe mukwa-mana yasoneka ngwenyi: “Akwa-Kristu te kakwapinjisa kuli akwa-hashi mumu liakusolola yitanga yipema ni kulituna kulinjisa mu yuma ya hashi.”

Aya Waze Anakaula Unsogwelo Uno Musono? Hakutwala ha kwecha kulinjisa mu yuma ya mafwefwe ya Akwa-Kristu, mukanda (Nova Enciclopedia Catolica) unambe ngwo: “Kwehuka kulinjisa mu yuma ya mafwefwe uli uhepuke.” Umwe mutwe wa mukanda Reformierte Presse unahanjika ha jimwe sango ja Direitos humanos jize anatongola ngwo Direitos Africanos, unambe ngwo Akwa-Mayingeleja eswe kakwashile mu utoji uze unakalingiwa mu chifuchi cha Ruanda ha mwaka 1994 “kuchizako wika Yela ja Yehova”.

Hakutwala ku holocausto nazista umwe longeshi yamba ngwenyi: “Nevwa chinyengo, nichimwe chizavu hanji ululikiso wa atu chahashile kukalila umwenemwene hakutwala ku mahuza ni upupilo uze yalingiwile ha mashimbu jacho wakuhi.” Alioze, muze ayile ni kuhengwola kanawa ku Museu Memorial do Holocausto, mu Estados Unidos de America yanyingika ngwo “Yela ja Yehova e wika amanyine ngu chipwe ngwe kapalikile mu yihunguminone yinji.”

Yika mutwamba ha yitanga ya Akwa-Kristu? Umwe mukanda (U.S Catholic) unambe ngwo: “Anji a kuli akweze ni makulwana a mu Catolica musono keshi kutayiza yize yingeleja yo yakulongesa hakutwala ha chikuma cha lunga ni pwo kulisumbakenya shimbu kanda achilimbata.” Mukanda uno unatongola nawa umwe ngana yoze wambile ngwenyi: “Ngunamono atu hanji musono kanatwame chimuwika ngwe lunga ni pwo muze malinga umbachiso.” Mukanda anavuluka ngwo (Nova Enciclopedia Britanica) unambe ngwo, Yela ja Yehova “kananungu ni yitanga yo yipema hakutwala ku umbachiso.”

‘Pwenu Ni Zango Umwe kuli Mukwo ni Mukwo’

“Shimbi yaha ngunanwehe ngwami, Nukalizange umwe ni mukwo ni mukwo; chizechene ngwe yami hingunanuzange, ni yenu nawa nukalizange umwe ni mukwo ni mukwo. Ku chino eswe makanyingika yenu nuli tumbaji twami, nyi munupwa ni zango umwe kuli mukwo ni mukwo.”—YOANO 13:34, 35.

Yika Yino Yinalumbunuka: Kristu kalwezele tumbaji twenyi ngwo katamba kulizanga umwe ni mukwo chizechene ngwe iye aazangile. Zango lienyi liapwile kukumba ndako ni yitanga ya atu ha matangwa jenyi. (Yoano 4:7-10) Zango liakwashile Yesu kusa mashimbu, tachi ha kulihana hanga akwase waze anafupiwa ukwaso. (Marku 6:30-34) Kusulaho, Kristu kasolwele zango lienyi mu mutapu wahiana. Iye yamba ngwenyi: “Mwe kafunga mupema yami. Kafunga mupema matumbika mwono wenyi hali mapanga.”—Yoano 10:11.

Kuchi Akwa-Kristu A ku Sekulu Yitangu Akawile Usongwelo Uno? Ku sekulu yitangu, Akwa-Kristu kapwile ni kulisanyika umwe ni mukwo ngwo “ndumbu” nawa “pangi” (Fwilimu 1, 2) Atu a ku mavungu eswe kapwile ni kulivwa kanawa mu chikungulwila mumu Akwa-Kristu te kakufuliela ngwo “kulipwila chakuhi ha kachi ka A-Yunda ni Akwa Mavungu, nichimwe: mumu Mwene umuwika, mwe Mwene wa eswe.” (A-Roma 10:11, 12) Kulutwe lia Pentekoste 33 M.J., tumbaji mu Yerusaleme “O alanjishile upite wo ni yikumba yo, nikuyanyina kuli eswe, nikulita ni kuhona cha mutu ni mutu.” Kalingile chino hanga akwase waze te ali aha mu upapachiso hanga anunge mu Yerusaleme nawa “anyongonwene mu longeso lia apostolo” (Yilinga 2:41-45) Mumu liaka alingile chino? Hanyima lia kufwa cha apostolo, umwe mukwa-mana (Tertuliano) kambile ngwenyi: “Ayo kalizanga chinji . . . nawa mahasa kulihana hanga afwile akwo.”

Aya Waze Anakaula Usongwelo Uno Musono? Mukanda (A História do Declínio e Queda do Império Romano 1837) unambe ngwo, “ha kupalika cha mashimbu, waze apwile ni kwamba ngwo kali Akwa-Kristu ‘Kamwesene atu lamba linji kuhiana lize apwile ni kwamwesa kuli waze hi Akwa-Kristu ko.’” Kuhengwola chaha chalingiwa mu chifuchi cha Estados Unidos, chinasolola ngwo anji a kuli waze akwete katonde kali waze akuliamba ngwo kali Akwa-Kristu. Akwa-Mayingeleja a mu chifuchi chimwe keshi ni usepa ni Akwa-Mayingeleja jo a mu chifuchi cheka, kashika chili chikalu kulikwasa umwe ni mukwo ha mashimbu a lamba.

Ha mwaka wa 2004, hanyima lia luyinda wa chisemewa yoze walingiwile ku mbonge ya Flórida, kasongo wa Comissão de Operações de Emergência ya Flórida kayile ni kuhengwola nyi kulia chize ahanyine kanachizachisa kanawa. Iye yamba ngwenyi, chizavu nichimwe chapwile chakululieka kanawa kuhiana Yela ja Yehova chakuhi, kashika yalihana hanga aakwase ha yeswe yize mafupiwa. Ha mwaka wa 1997, chimwe chizavu cha akwa-kukwasa waze anapalika mu luyinda wa chisemewa cha Yela ja Yehova, yalinga wenyi mu chifuchi cha República Democrática do Congo ni kutwala yitumbo, kulia ni mazalo hanga akwase mandumbu jo Akwa-Kristu ni atu akwo waze anafupiwa ukwaso. Chikwo nawa, Yela ja Yehova yahana kulia chize chafikile 1 milhão ya dólares.

“Naanyingikishine Jina Lie”

“Hinasolola jina lie kuli atu aze wanguhele a kuli akwa hashi. . . . naanyingikishine jina lie, mungukaanyingikisalio.”—YOANO 17:6, 26.

Yika Yino Yinalumbunuka: Yesu kanyingikishine jina lia Zambi muze apwile ni kwambujola. Muze apwile ni kutanga mu yisoneko mashimbu eswe, kapwile ni kutongola jina lia Zambi. (Luka 4:16-21) Iye kalongesele tumbaji twenyi kulemba ngwo: “Tata, nuli mwilu, akalemese jina lienu.”—Luka 11:2.

Kuchi Akwa-Kristu a ku Sekulu Yitangu Akawile Usongwelo uno? Postolo Petulu kalwezele makulwana a mu Yerusaleme ngwenyi, Zambi hanachiza ku mavungu “umwe munyachi ha jina lienyi.” (Yilinga 15:14) Apostolo ni atu akwo no kapwile ni kwambujola ngwo, “mweswawo matambika ha jina lia Mwene kumakamulamwina.” (Yilinga 2:21; A-Roma 10:13) Chikwo nawa, ayo kazachishile jina lia Zambi mu yisoneko yo. Hachino, Tosefta umwe mukanda wakuhanjika ha shimbi jinji ja A-Yunda uze ahwishile ha mwaka 300 M.J., unambe hakutwala ha yisoneko ya Akwa-Kristu yize ochele kuli akwa-kole jo ngwo: “Mikanda ya Evanjelu ni mikanda ya minim [waze akwamona ngwe Akwa-Kristu a mu Yundeya] ni akwa-kole jo keshi kupulwila mikanda ha kahia. Alioze kakuyocha ha chihela haze hali, . . . ayo ni yikuma yikwo yize yakuhanjika hakutwala ku Jina lia Zambi.”

Aya Waze Anakaula Usongwelo Uno Musono? Umwe mukanda wa Mbimbiliya avuluka ngwo Revised Standard Version (Versão Padrão Revisada) akutayiza ku Conselho Nacional de Igrejas de Cristo dos Estados Unidos unambe ngwo: “Kuzachisa jina liatela wika Zambi, ngwe kuli tuzambi akwo waze alisa nenyi, kachikanjishile kuli A-Yunda kunyima lia mashimbu jetu nawa kuchalitele ni yize akufuliela Akwa-Mayingeleja.” Kashika, ayo kachijile jina lia Zambi ni kusaho chisanyiko cha “MWENE.” Ha mashimbu wano, Vaticano kahanyine usongwelo kuli tulayi twenyi ngwenyi: “Mu miaso ni mu yilemba, jina lia Zambi lize linasoloka ha tetragrama YHWHa katambile kulizachisa chipwe kulivuluka.”

Aya waze akuzachisa ni kunyingikisa jina lia Zambi musono? Muze Sergey, wa ku Quirguistão apwile mukweze, iye katalile chimwe chinema chize chasolwele ngwo Yehova lie jina lia Zambi. Ha kupalika cha miaka kumi, iye kakevwile nawa jina lia Zambi. Muze Sergey ayile ku Estados Unidos, Yela ja Yehova aali yaya ni kumumeneka ku zuwo lienyi ni kumusolwela jina lia Zambi mu Mbimbiliya. Sergey yakomoka ha kuwana chizavu chize te chakuzachisa jina lia Yehova. Mukanda Webster’s Third New International Dictionary (Terceiro Novo Dicionário Internacional de Webster) wakulumbununa maliji “Yehova Zambi” ngwo: “Umwe musandu wahiana nawa yoze Yela ja Yehova akuwayila.”

[Maliji ali mushi]

“Sango Lino Lipema lia Wanangana Kumakaliambujola”

“Sango lino lipema lia wanangana kumakaliambujola mu yifuchi yeswe ya hashi mukukapwa shindakenyo ku mavungu eswe, mba hohene songo kumulikeza.”—MATEU 24:14.

Yika Yino Yinalumbunuka: Luka umwe wa kuli waze asonekene mikanda ya Evanjelu, kambile hakutwala kuli Yesu ngwenyi “yapalika ndusu limbo ni limbo, chihunda ni chihunda, nikwambujola sango lipema lia wanangana wa Zambi.” (Luka 8:1) Yesu kambile ngwenyi: “Changutamba kwambujola sango lipema lia wanangana wa Zambi ku membo akwo nawa: mumu angutumine ha chino.” (Luka 4:43) Yesu katumine tumbaji twenyi kuya ni kwambujola ku membo eswe ni kwamba ngwenyi: “kumunukapwa yela jami . . . ndo ku masongo a hashi.”—Yilinga 1:8; Luka 10:1.

Kuchi Akwa-Kristu a ku Sekulu Yitangu Akawile Usongwelo Uno? Tumbaji twa Yesu yaputuka kulinga yize iye ambile. “Mba tangwa ha tangwa, mu Tembele ni ku zuwo ni zuwo, kalitwaminyineko kulongesa, nikwambujola Sango Lipema ngwo, Yesu iye mwe Kristu.”(Yilinga 5:42) Kwambujola sango lipema liakapwile wika chiwape cha atu waze alilongesele chinji. Umwe mukwa-kuhengwola yuma yikulu August Neander kambile ngwenyi: “Celso, lunga yoze mutangu wasonekene yuma yipi hakutwala kuli Akwa-Kristu, kambile ngwo, waze apwile yiswale nawa kalilongesele chinji e te analihane chinji mu mulimo wa kwambujola.” Ha mukanda wenyi The Early Centuries of the Church (Os Primeiros Séculos da Igreja), Jean Bernardi yasoneka ngwenyi: “Akwa-Kristu katamba kuya ni kwambujola kweswe ni kuli atu eswe. Chipwe maatambula kanawa hanji ka. . . . katamba kwambujola hashi heswe.”

Aya Waze Anakaula Usongwelo Uno Musono? Umwe sasendote David Watson yasoneka ngwenyi: “Kuhona kwambujola ni kulongesa ku zuwo ni zuwo cha mayingeleja che chitela cha kuyiza cha ku spiritu cha atu anji musono.” José Luis Pérez Guadalupe kambile ha mukanda wenyi Why Are the Catholics Leaving? (Por que os Católicos Estão Indo Embora?) ngwenyi, waze akuliamba ngwo kali Akwa-Kristu, akwa-catolica ni mayingeleja akwo “Keshi kuya ni kwambujola ku zuwo ni zuwo.” Alioze, hakutwala kuli Yela ja Yehova iye yamba ngwenyi: “Ayo kakuya ni kwambujola ku zuwo ni zuwo.”

Umwe mukanda anavuluka ngwo Cato Supreme Court Review, 2001-2002 wahanjikile pundu ha yize Jonathan Turley ambile ngwenyi: “Nyi watongola jina Yela ja Yehova, atu anji kakunyonga hali akwa-kwambujola waze akuya ni kumeneka atu ku mazuwo ha mashimbu waze kalitele. Kuli Yela ja Yehova, mulimo wa kwambujola ku zuwo ni zuwo kuwalumbununikine wika kwambujola sango, alioze chinalumbunuka ufulielo wo.”

[Mushete]

Kuchi Muhasa Kunyingika Akwa-Kristu Amwenemwene Musono?

Kulita ni yikuma ya mu Mbimbiliya twahengwola ha mutwe uno, kuchi mutuhasa kunyingika Akwa-Kristu amwenemwene musono? Chipwe ngwe kuli Mayingeleja anji waze akuliamba ngwo kali Akwa-Kristu amwenemwnene, yiwuluka yize Yesu ambile ngwenyi: “Hi mweswe ko mamba kuli yami ngwenyi, Mwene, Mwene, makanjila mu wanangana wa malilu, alioze yoze wakulinga upale wa Tata yoze uli mu malilu.” (Mateu 7:21) Kunyingika waze akulinga upale wa Tata, che chilayi cha Akwa-Kristu amwenemwene. Kulikata no, muchikukwasa hanga ukapwe ni yiwape ya mutolo ya Wanangana wa Zambi. Tunakukolweza wite kuli Yela ja Yehova waze akuhele mukanda uno, akulweze sango ja Wanangana wa Zambi ni yiwape yize Wanangana wacho muyikaneha.—Luka 4:43.