GREECE (Ancient)
(See also Achaia; Alexander the Great; Athens [Ancient]; Beroea; Corinth [Ancient]; Greek [Language]; Macedonia [Ancient]; Neapolis; Philippi; Sparta [Ancient]; Thessalonica)
abakion (counting board): g86 12/8 19
abortion: g88 4/8 26
amusements: it-1 102
ancestors: it-1 998-999
Elishah possibly: it-1 718
Javan: it-1 1257-1258; yb94 68
archaeological finds:
Antikythera Mechanism: g 3/09 24-26; g 9/07 21
coin with likeness of Antiochus IV (Epiphanes): it-2 335; w96 1/15 28
Gallio, “proconsul of Achaia” (Ac 18:12): it-1 40, 43-44, 886; si 292
god Asclepius with serpent: it-2 530
platter showing pig sacrifice: it-2 335
relief showing games: it-2 335
sculpture coloration: g05 3/22 28-29
architecture: it-1 160-161
columns: it-1 160
army:
archers: it-1 157
military camps: it-1 398-399
phalanxes: w05 9/1 28; g95 5/8 24
astrology: it-1 1002; sh 87
beliefs about the dead: sh 54; g88 7/8 5
crossing the river Styx: it-1 181; sh 54; w89 10/1 5
judgment by three judges: w89 10/1 5
netherworld: w90 9/1 3
boundaries: it-1 998-999
Great Hellas: it-1 999
Christianity in: yb94 69-70
Paul’s ministry: yb94 69
chronology: it-1 457-458
Olympiads: it-1 447
commerce: it-1 1000
criminal justice:
punishments: it-1 552
reproach in theater: it-2 1089
description: it-1 998-999
discussion: it-1 998-1005
divination: sh 81-82
“spirit of python” (Ac 16:16, ftn.): it-1 638; it-2 1027
dress and grooming:
women: g95 3/8 21-24
education: it-1 1000; w07 5/1 27
teaching children to write: w86 12/1 17-18
family:
wife’s lack of rights: w92 10/15 9
games: it-1 887-888, 1002; it-2 335; w04 5/1 27-31; w01 1/1 28-31
Actian Games: it-2 498
announcer: it-1 1089
crowns of victors: it-1 553; it-2 211; w04 5/1 29-30; w01 1/1 30-31
effect on Jewish youths: it-2 335
Isthmian Games: bt 149; it-1 553, 888, 1002; w01 1/1 28; w92 8/1 14-16; w90 9/15 25
Olympic Games: it-1 553, 887-888, 1002
Paul’s illustration using (1Co 9): w16.09 9; w92 8/1 13-18; w90 9/15 25
Pythian Games: it-1 553, 888, 1002
gardens: g97 4/8 5
gods: it-1 978-979, 1001-1002; w02 10/15 4; w91 7/1 4; sh 42-44; w89 2/15 5, 8; g89 3/8 24; w88 10/1 30
Athens: bt 140; w98 7/15 26-27
correspondency to Roman: it-1 1001-1002; sh 43; g89 3/8 24
triad of goddesses controlling human destiny: it-1 859
gods by name:
Adonis: it-1 978
Alexander the Great: g89 3/8 21-22
Aphrodite: it-1 509, 1002; sh 64
Apollo: it-1 978, 1002; it-2 754, 1027; w98 7/15 26; sh 64
Ares: it-1 1002
Artemis: it-1 182, 978, 1002; sh 64; g89 3/8 24
Asclepius (Aesculapius, Asklepios): it-1 509, 631; it-2 204, 530; re 42; g89 3/8 24
Athena: w89 2/15 8; g89 3/8 20
Castor: it-2 1233-1234
Cronus (Cronos): it-1 978; it-2 1068-1069; sh 44, 54; g90 11/8 18
Dionysus (Bacchus): it-1 978; it-2 626; g96 6/8 15
Gaea (Gaia, Ge): it-1 978, 1001-1002; sh 42-44
Hades: sh 54; w89 10/1 5
Hephaestus: w98 7/15 26
Hera: it-1 1001; it-2 1233
Hermes: it-1 1002, 1089, 1213; it-2 1233; nwt 1700; w98 7/15 27; g89 3/8 24
Hermes Trismegistus: it-2 430
Hygeia: it-1 631
Pan: it-1 967
Pollux: it-2 1233-1234
Zeus: it-1 978, 1001; it-2 1233; nwt 1716; w98 7/15 26; sh 44, 64; g89 3/8 24; w86 9/15 30
government: g90 9/8 24
city-states: it-1 999
democracy: it-1 999-1000; g90 9/22 11, 13
patriarchal society: it-1 999
Hellenization of conquered peoples: it-1 1003-1005
east of Jordan: w92 7/1 24-25
effect on early Christians: w08 12/1 18-21
Jews: it-1 1003-1004; w13 2/15 10-11; w08 12/1 19; gl 27; w98 11/15 21-23; w96 1/15 27, 29; w92 7/1 25; sh 212-214
Hesiod:
poem Works and Days: sh 37
Theogony: it-1 1001; w12 9/1 7; sh 42, 44
historians: it-1 457-458; gm 19
Herodotus: g 9/15 10-11
historical sketch: yb94 68-70; w88 10/1 30
Homer:
Iliad: it-1 1000-1001; g89 3/8 21-22
Odyssey: it-1 1000-1001; g89 3/8 21
homosexuality: w97 7/15 10
influence on Judaism: w13 2/15 10-11; w12 9/1 7
influence on Western civilization: dp 172
Israel under: w96 1/15 27
Judea controlled by: it-2 44
kings:
deified: g90 8/22 17
law:
religion: it-1 210; w98 7/15 27
life expectancy: g05 5/22 3
maps: it-1 40; w88 4/15 23
Alexander’s conquests: it-2 334; g 3/11 18; gl 26; dp 157, 169
breakup of empire: it-2 334; mwb17.10 4; dp 163; w88 4/15 25
Peloponnese and Isthmus of Corinth: w09 3/1 25
Xerxes’ battle forces (480 B.C.E.): g99 4/8 26-27
medicine:
Hippocrates: it-1 631-632
symbol: it-1 631
Medo-Persia invades: it-1 584, 1002-1003; dp 212-213
battle of Marathon (490 B.C.E.): g95 5/8 22-24
battle of Plataea (479 B.C.E.): g99 8/8 25-27
battle of Thermopylae (480 B.C.E.): g99 4/8 26-27
defeated by Greece: it-1 70, 1003; it-2 333, 613; w05 9/1 28; g99 4/8 27; w88 3/15 29; w88 4/15 23-24
Xerxes I: it-1 1002-1003; g 8/09 26-27; dp 213; g99 4/8 25-27
money:
drachma: it-1 648; nwt 1697; w11 5/1 26
Mt. Olympus: sh 42
music:
flute: it-1 842
instruments mentioned in Daniel: w90 2/1 4
mythology: it-1 1000-1002; g89 3/8 20-21
Augustine’s comments on: it-1 978-979
Flood legend: w92 1/15 6; w86 9/15 30
geographic inaccuracy: w93 6/15 3-4
golden age: sh 37; g90 11/8 18
Heracles: w00 4/15 26-27
origin in Sumer: sh 44
Pandora’s box: sh 37
Python: it-2 1027
relationship to Genesis: it-1 978, 1001; w00 4/15 27
Tartarus: it-2 1068-1069
names: it-1 998; w88 10/1 30
navy: g99 4/8 26
biremes: w07 10/15 19
triremes: w09 3/1 27-28; w07 10/15 16, 19; g99 4/8 25
oracles: it-1 1002; w99 7/15 4
oracle of Delphi: wp18.2 3; it-1 638; it-2 1027; w99 7/15 3-7; sh 81-82
Paul’s ministry: it-1 1005
Peloponnesus: it-1 998
philosophers’ beliefs: it-1 1000
Babylonian origins: w90 5/1 22
Cynics: w00 7/15 21-22
effect on Christendom’s beliefs: ijwbq article 66; wp17.4 6; w12 1/15 6; w10 6/1 30; w09 8/15 12-13; w09 11/1 3; w01 4/15 19-20; w99 4/1 13; w99 8/15 10-13; dp 172; w98 7/1 10-13; ie 14-16; w96 8/1 7-8; jv 36-38; w90 5/1 22; sh 263-266; g89 6/22 27; g88 7/8 9-10
effect on Jewish beliefs: it-1 1003-1004; wp17.4 6; w99 4/1 12-13; w99 8/15 11; ie 13-14; w96 10/15 4; sh 212-214, 216; g90 7/8 13; g88 7/8 9
Epicureans: bt 141, 144; it-1 755-756, 1000; it-2 634, 1036; nwt 1697; w07 10/15 3; g05 8/22 26; ct 74; w97 8/15 12; w97 11/1 23-25; w89 2/15 5; w88 6/15 18
immortality of the soul: it-1 1002; wp17.4 6; g 2/13 12-13; w11 7/1 6; w09 11/1 4; w98 7/1 10-12; ie 5; w96 8/1 6; w95 3/1 29; w90 5/1 22; w90 9/1 4, 6; sh 54-55; rs 379; w87 9/15 28; w87 11/1 6
nature of the soul: it-2 1004-1005, 1036; jv 36; rs 379
no hope: w92 9/15 21
Skeptics: it-1 1000
Sophists: it-1 1000; w04 12/1 5
Stoics: bt 141, 144; it-1 1000; it-2 634, 1035-1036; nwt 1713; ct 74; w89 2/15 5
trinity: w99 8/15 13; jv 36; sh 264; rs 51, 406; ti 11-12; g88 12/22 21
Plato:
belief in immortality of the soul: it-2 1005; g 2/13 12; w92 5/15 9; w90 5/1 22; rs 379; g88 7/8 9-10
bust of: it-2 336
effect on views of hell: ijwbq article 66
trinity concept: rs 51, 406; ti 11-12
religion: it-1 210, 1000-1002; g89 3/8 20-24
altars: it-2 1141
altars to unknown gods: bt 143; it-2 1141; w12 3/1 18; w02 7/15 32
Babylonian influence: it-1 978, 1001; w90 5/1 22; g89 3/8 20-21
duration: g89 3/8 23
Egyptian influence: it-1 966-967; w90 5/1 22; g89 3/8 21
fatalism: g99 8/8 6-7
Greek word: g89 3/8 23
influence on Christendom: g89 3/8 23
influence on Roman Empire: g89 3/8 21, 24
ravens held sacred: it-2 754
sacred writings: it-1 1001; g89 3/8 20-21
satyrs: it-1 967
Roman rule: it-1 1004
rulers:
Alexander the Great: it-1 70-71, 1003; it-2 333; w12 6/1 4; gl 26-27; dp 153-161, 213-214; g89 3/8 21-22; w88 3/15 29; w88 4/15 22-24
crowns: it-1 553
Philip II (of Macedonia): it-1 1003; w88 10/1 30
successors to Alexander: it-1 71; it-2 288, 334; dp 134-135, 162-163, 171, 214-215; w88 4/15 24-25
science: g93 4/22 21-23
Antikythera Mechanism: g 3/09 24-26; g 9/07 21
Eratosthenes calculates earth’s circumference: g04 6/22 13
seafarers: it-1 998-999
voyage of Pytheas (4th century B.C.E.): w10 3/1 27-29
slaves in: it-1 1000; g02 6/22 4; w92 4/1 3-4
Socrates:
belief in immortality of the soul: it-1 1002; it-2 1004; w03 11/15 4; w90 9/1 4
comments on freedom of speech: g96 7/22 3
philosophy: w00 7/15 21; w95 7/1 4
symbolized by—
belly and thighs of copper (Da 2): it-1 1186; dp 53-55
goat (Da 8): it-1 70-71, 269, 966; dp 168-170; w88 3/15 29; w88 4/15 22-25
leopard (Da 7): it-1 268-269; dp 134-135; w88 4/15 22-24
theaters: it-2 1089
actors: g00 6/8 13; w88 10/1 11
Epidaurus: g00 6/8 11-13
Syracuse (Sicily): w07 10/15 30
tribes: it-1 999
view of repentance: w89 2/15 11
world power: it-2 333-334; w12 6/15 10-11; g 3/11 17-20; gl 26-27; w88 4/15 22-25
beginning: it-1 1003; dp 155, 157-159, 213-214
end: dp 162-163, 171; w88 4/15 25; w88 5/1 28