• Jeremiah, Book of
    Aid to Bible Understanding

    • 4. Jehoiakim condemned; Jeremiah rewrites scroll, with additions (36:27-32)

      VI. Events of Jerusalem’s last days (37:1–45:5)

      A. During temporary withdrawal of Babylonians, Jeremiah is arrested as he tries to go to Anathoth; put in house of fetters, transferred by Zedekiah to Courtyard of the Guard (37:1-21)

      B. Jeremiah thrown into cistern, delivered by Ebedmelech; taken to Courtyard of the Guard; counsels Zedekiah to submit to Babylon (38:1-28)

      C. Fall of Jerusalem; King Zedekiah blinded; city burned (39:1–40:12)

      1. Ebed-melech promised survival (39:15-18)

      2. Jeremiah released by order of Nebuchadnezzar; remains under Gedaliah (39:11-14; 40:1-10)

      3. Jews from many lands return (40:11, 12)

      D. Baalis, king of Ammon, sends Ishmael to murder Gedaliah the governor; Ishmael follows through and also kills Gedaliah’s men, but is put to flight by Johanan; people prepare to go into Egypt (40:13–41:18)

      E. Jeremiah counsels against going to Egypt, but people go, forcibly taking Jeremiah (42:1–43:7)

      F. In Tahpanhes, Egypt, Jeremiah prophesies Nebuchadnezzar’s defeat of Egypt and calamity for Jews there; people assert they will continue to make sacrifices to “queen of the heavens”; Pharaoh Hophra’s defeat foretold (43:8–44:30)

      G. Jehovah warns Baruch not to keep seeking great things for himself, and he comforts him with promise of deliverance (45:1-5)

      VII. Prophecies against the nations (46:1–51:64)

      A. Pharaoh Necho defeated at Carchemish; Egypt to fall into hands of Nebuchadnezzar (46:1-28)

      B. Philistines to fall before Pharaoh (47:1-7)

      C. Moab has put on airs against Jehovah and has ridiculed; his god Chemosh and his priests and princes will go into exile; yet captives of Moab will later be gathered (48:1-47)

      D. Ammon, who took Israelite cities, will be desolated; his god Malcham will go into exile; but the captive ones of Ammon will later be gathered (49:1-6)

      E. Edom to become like Sodom and Gomorrah (49:7-22)

      F. Damascus to suffer defeat (49:23-27)

      G. Kedar and Hazor to fall to Nebuchadnezzar (49:28-33)

      H. Elam to be shattered, but captives later to be gathered (49:34-39)

      I. Babylon and her gods to go into captivity (50:1–51:64)

      1. Sons of Israel to be released to return to Zion (50:1-9, 19, 20)

      2. Chaldea to be desolate wilderness never inhabited because she exulted when pillaging Israel, would not let captives go (50:1-13, 33-39)

      3. A people from north, adept with bow and javelin, will devastate Babylon as Sodom and Gomorrah (50:14-32, 40–51:5)

      4. Command to flee out of Babylon; she has made other nations drunk; now she will not be healed (51:6-10)

      5. Medes, Ararat, Minni, Ashkenaz summoned against Babylon (51:11-29)

      6. Bars of Babylon will be broken, city captured at every end (51:30-33)

      7. God conducts Zion’s legal case for Babylon’s bloodguilt against her (51:34-58)

      8. Jeremiah writes Babylon’s calamities on one book, it is taken to Babylon, read and thrown into Euphrates by Seraiah (51:59-64)

      VIII. Epilogue (52:1-34)

      A. Siege of Jerusalem, from tenth month, ninth year of Zedekiah to ninth day, fourth month, eleventh year; Jerusalem falls (52:1-7)

      B. Temple burned, walls pulled down, on tenth day, fifth month of Nebuchadnezzar’s nineteenth year; Zedekiah blinded, taken to Babylon, people exiled, lowly ones left (52:8-16)

      C. Inventory of temple valuables taken to Babylon (52:17-23)

      D. Chief priest and other leading men executed at Riblah (52:24-27)

      E. Recapitulation of all exiles taken by Nebuchadnezzar in his seventh, eighteenth and twenty-third years (52:28-34)

      F. In the thirty-seventh year of his exile, Jehoiachin released from prison, but kept in Babylon (52:31-34)

      See the book “All Scripture Is Inspired of God and Beneficial,” pp. 124-130.

  • Jeremoth
    Aid to Bible Understanding

    • JEREMOTH

      (Jerʹe·moth) [swollen, tall].

      1. A descendant of Benjamin through his son Becher.—1 Chron. 7:6, 8.

      2. A Benjamite head of a family that lived in Jerusalem; one of Beriah’s “sons.”—1 Chron. 8:14-16, 28.

      3. Son of Mushi and grandson of Merari in the tribe of Levi. The paternal house founded by this person, whose name is also spelled “Jerimoth,” was included in David’s rearrangement of the Levitical service organization.—1 Chron. 23:21, 23; 24:30, 31.

      4. A son of Heman in the Levitical branch of Kohathites. During David’s reign, Jeremoth (Jerimoth) was selected by lot to head the fifteenth of the twenty-four divisions of sanctuary musicians.—1 Chron. 6:33; 25:1, 4, 8, 9, 22.

      5, 6, 7. Three Israelites, of the sons of Elam, Zattu and Bani respectively, who sent away their foreign wives and sons in Ezra’s day.—Ezra 10:25-27, 29, 44.

  • Jericho
    Aid to Bible Understanding

    • JERICHO

      (Jerʹi·cho) [perhaps, moon city, or, place of fragrance].

      The first Canaanite city W of the Jordan to be conquered by the Israelites. (Num. 22:1; Josh. 6:1, 24, 25) It is identified with Tell es-Sultan about fourteen miles (c. 23 kilometers) NE of Jerusalem. Nearby Tulul Abu el-ʽAlayiq is considered to be the site of first-century Jericho. Lying over 800 feet (c. 240 meters) below sea level in the Jordan Valley, Jericho has a subtropical climate. Today oranges, bananas and figs are cultivated in the area and, as anciently, palms still thrive there.

      FIRSTFRUITS OF ISRAEL’S CONQUEST

      At the end of their forty years of wandering in the wilderness the Israelites came to the plains of Moab. There, opposite Jericho, Moses ascended Mount Nebo and viewed the Promised Land, including Jericho, “the city of the palm trees,” and its plain.—Num. 36:13; Deut. 32:49; 34:1-3.

      After Moses’ death Joshua sent two spies to Jericho. Concealed by Rahab, they avoided detection and afterward escaped from the city by means of a rope through the window of her house situated atop Jericho’s wall. For three days the two men hid themselves in the nearby mountainous region, after which they forded the Jordan and returned to the Israelite camp.—Josh. 2:1-23.

      Great must have been the fear of Jericho’s king and its inhabitants as they heard about or witnessed the miraculous damming up of the flooding Jordan, enabling the Israelites to cross on dry ground. Afterward, although the Israelite males underwent circumcision and had to recover from its effects before being in a good position to defend themselves, no one dared to attack them at Gilgal. Unmolested, the Israelites also observed the Passover on the desert plain of Jericho.—Josh. 5:1-10.

      Later, near Jericho, an angelic prince appeared to Joshua and outlined the procedure for taking the city, then tightly shut up on account of the Israelites. Obediently, once a day for six days the Israelite military force went forth, followed by seven priests continually blowing the horns, behind whom were the priests carrying the Ark, and finally the rear guard—all marching around Jericho. But on the seventh day they marched around the city seven times. At the blowing of the horns on the final march around Jericho the people shouted a great war cry, and the city’s walls began to fall flat.—Josh. 5:13–6:20.

      The Israelites then rushed into Jericho, devoting its inhabitants and all domestic animals to destruction. But on account of the kindness shown by Rahab in hiding the spies, she and her relatives, safe in her house atop the portion of the wall that had not fallen, were preserved alive. The entire city was burned, only the gold and silver being turned over to Jehovah’s sanctuary. (Josh. 6:20-25) However, one Israelite, Achan, stole a gold bar, some silver and a fine garment and then hid the items under his tent. Thereby he brought death upon himself and his entire family.—Josh. 7:20-26.

      LATER HISTORICAL REFERENCES

      The destroyed city of Jericho subsequently became part of Benjamite territory bordering on Ephraim and Manasseh. (Josh. 16:1, 7; 18:12, 21) Not long thereafter some kind of settlement apparently sprang up at the site. It was captured by Moab’s King Eglon and remained under his control for eighteen years. (Judg. 3:12-30) In the time of King David a settlement continued to exist at Jericho. (2 Sam. 10:5; 1 Chron. 19:5) But not until Ahab’s reign did Hiel the Bethelite actually rebuild Jericho. The prophetic curse pronounced by Joshua over five hundred years earlier was then fulfilled, Hiel losing Abiram his firstborn as he laid the foundation and Segub his youngest son when he put up the doors.—Josh. 6:26; 1 Ki. 16:34.

      During this same general period some of the “sons of the prophets” resided at Jericho. (2 Ki. 2:4, 5) After Jehovah took the prophet Elijah away in a windstorm, Elisha remained at Jericho for a time and healed the city’s water supply. (2 Ki. 2:11-15, 19-22) The water of ‘Ain es-Sultan (traditionally, the fountain that Elisha healed) has been described as sweet and pleasant, and irrigates the gardens of modern Jericho.

      In the time of wicked Judean King Ahaz, Jehovah permitted the Israelite armies under King Pekah to inflict a humiliating defeat upon unfaithful Judah, killing 120,000 and taking 200,000 captives. But Jehovah’s prophet Oded met the returning victors and warned them not to enslave the captives. Accordingly, the captives, after being clothed and fed, were taken to Jericho and released.—2 Chron. 28:6-15.

      After the fall of Jerusalem in 607 B.C.E. King Zedekiah fled in the direction of Jericho, but was overtaken and captured by the Babylonians in the desert plains of Jericho. (2 Ki. 25:5; Jer. 39:5; 52:8) Following the release from Babylonian exile, 345 “sons of Jericho” were among those returning with Zerubbabel in 537 B.C.E. and apparently settled at Jericho. (Ezra 2:1, 2, 34; Neh. 7:36) Later, some of the men of Jericho assisted in rebuilding the wall of Jerusalem.—Neh. 3:2.

      Toward the close of the year 32 and the beginning of 33 C.E. Jericho figured in Jesus’ ministry. Near this city Jesus Christ healed the sight of blind Bartimaeus and his companion. (Mark 10:46; Matt. 20:29; Luke 18:35; see BARTIMAEUS.) At Jericho Jesus also met Zacchaeus and thereafter was a guest at his home. (Luke 19:1-7) Earlier in Judea, when giving his illustration of the neighborly Samaritan, Jesus alluded to the road from Jerusalem to Jericho. (Luke 10:30) This road, according to ancient historical testimony, was terrorized by robbers.

      ARCHAEOLOGICAL TESTIMONY

      Professor John Garstang, leader of an English expedition at Tell es-Sultan between 1929 and 1936, found that what he considered to be one of the cities built on the site had been subjected to intense fires and that its walls had fallen. This city he identified with the Jericho of Joshua’s time and assigned its destruction to about 1400 B.C.E. Although some scholars today still endorse Garstang’s conclusions, others interpret the evidence differently. Writes archaeologist G. Ernest Wright: “The two walls which surrounded the summit of the old city, which Garstang . . . believed were destroyed by earthquake and fire in Joshua’s time, were discovered to date from the 3rd millennium and to represent only two of some fourteen different walls or wall-components built successively during that age.” (Biblical Archaeology, p. 79) Many feel that little, if anything, remains of the Jericho that existed in Joshua’s time, earlier excavations at the site having removed what might have survived from the time of its destruction. As Professor Jack Finegan notes: “There is now, therefore, virtually no evidence at the site by which to try to determine at what date Joshua might have taken Jericho.”—Light from the Ancient Past, 1959 ed., p. 159.

      For this reason numerous scholars date the fall of Jericho on circumstantial evidence, and suggested dates span a period of about two hundred years. In view of such uncertainty, Professor Merrill F. Unger fittingly observes: “Scholars also must be extremely wary of attaching undue authority to archeologists’ estimates of dates and interpretation of data. That the fixing of dates and the conclusions drawn from archeological findings often depend on subjective factors is amply demonstrated by the wide divergences between competent authorities on these matters.”—Archaeology and the Old Testament, p. 164.

      Therefore, the fact that the interpretations of archaeologists do not agree with Biblical chronology in pointing to 1473 B.C.E. as the date for Jericho’s destruction is no reason for concern. The difference in the viewpoint of Garstang and other archaeologists about Jericho illustrates the need for caution in accepting archaeological testimony regardless of whether it seems to confirm or to contradict the Bible record and its chronology.

  • Jerimoth
    Aid to Bible Understanding

    • JERIMOTH

      (Jerʹi·moth) [swollen, tall].

      1. A son or descendant of Benjamin’s firstborn Bela, and a valiant, mighty man.—1 Chron. 7:6, 7.

      2. A Benjamite warrior who supported David while he was at Ziklag outlawed by King Saul.—1 Chron. 12:1, 2, 5.

      3. A Merarite Levite.—1 Chron. 24:26, 30; see JEREMOTH No. 3.

      4. A Kohathite Levite.—1 Chron. 6:33; 25:4; see JEREMOTH No. 4.

      5. The prince over the tribe of Naphtali during David’s rule; son or descendant of Azriel.—1 Chron. 27:19, 22.

      6. A son of David whose daughter married King Rehoboam. (2 Chron. 11:18) As Jerimoth is not included in the listings of David’s sons by his named wives, he might have been a son by a concubine or an unnamed wife. (2 Sam. 5:13) Jerimoth was apparently married to his cousin Abihail, the daughter