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1901

Queen Victoria dies after 64-year reign

World population at 1.6 billion

1914

Archduke Ferdinand is assassinated. World War I erupts

The last czar, Nicholas II, with his family

1917

Lenin leads Russia into revolution

1919

The League of Nations is formed

1929

U.S. stock market crash leads to the Great Depression

Gandhi continues his struggle for India’s independence

1939

Adolf Hitler invades Poland, beginning World War II

Winston Churchill becomes prime minister of Great Britain in 1940

The Holocaust

1941

Japan bombs Pearl Harbor

1945

United States drops atom bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. World War II ends

1946

United Nations General Assembly holds first meeting

1949

Mao Tse-tung proclaims the People’s Republic of China

1960

Seventeen new African nations are created

1975

Vietnam War ends

1989

The Berlin Wall is torn down as Communism loses its hold

1991

Soviet Union breaks apart

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1901

Marconi sends first transatlantic radio signal

1905

Einstein publishes his special theory of relativity

1913

Ford opens his Model-T car assembly line

1941

Commercial TV is born

1969

Man walks on the moon

Mass tourism becomes a major business

The Internet soars in popularity

1999

World population reaches six billion