If I see someone with epilepsy having a grand mal seizure, what should I do? “Bystanders should let the attack run its course and not interfere with the patient, beyond checking to make sure the person is in no physical danger and can breathe,” says The Encyclopedia of the Brain and Brain Disorders. On the other hand, the book says: “An ambulance should be called if the seizure continues for more than five minutes, if another seizure immediately follows the first, or if the person does not regain consciousness a few minutes after the seizure ends.”

How can I help the patient while he is having a seizure? Place a soft object between his head and the floor, and move sharp objects away from his head. When the convulsions stop, turn the patient on his side as shown in the accompanying diagram.

What should I do after the patient awakens? First, assure him that everything is all right. Then help him to stand upright and guide him to a place where he can get needed rest. Most people are confused and sleepy after a seizure; others recover quickly and can continue what they were doing before the attack.