BABYLON (Empire)
(See also Babylonia [Southeastern Mesopotamia]; Chaldea; Sumer)
alliance with Medes: it-2 359; ip-1 178-179
Ammon dominated by: it-1 94-95
appearance of Babylonians:
beards: it-1 1020
hair: it-1 1020
archaeological finds: it-1 147-148; it-2 322-325
Babylonian chronicle B.M. 21901 (Gadd Chronicle) (fall of Nineveh): it-1 205, 958
Babylonian chronicle B.M. 21946 (battle of Carchemish): it-1 418
Babylonian chronicle B.M. 21946 (Jehoiachin replaced by Zedekiah): it-1 452-453; it-2 326, 480; gm 48; w88 3/1 29
Babylonian chronicles: it-1 453-454; w11 11/1 23
Babylonian King List A: it-1 204; it-2 380-381, 714, 1101
clay models of liver: it-1 637; it-2 324; g 1/11 11
cylinder naming Belshazzar: it-1 283; g 1/11 11
fall to Medo-Persia: w88 3/1 30-31
horoscope: it-2 324; g89 11/22 8
Jewish business archives (Nippur): it-1 792; w08 12/15 22
letter on furnace for execution: si 139
Marduk dragon image: ip-2 124
Merodach-baladan granting land: it-2 380
Nabonidus Chronicle (Baghdad area): it-1 148, 283-284, 566-568, 581-582; it-2 325, 359-360, 458-460; si 335
Nebo-sarsechim tablet (Baghdad area): g 5/09 11
Nebuchadnezzar I (boundary stone) (Nippur): it-1 360
Nebuchadnezzar II (of Bible): w23.07 31; it-1 147-148; it-2 323, 480-482, 1122; g 6/12 13; dp 70; si 332
Nebuchadnezzar’s Egyptian campaign (37th year): it-1 238, 453, 698; it-2 481
Nebuchadnezzar’s invasion of Judah (617 B.C.E.): it-1 452-453, 952; it-2 326, 480
plaque showing Marduk and Nebo: dp 70
Sumerian King List: it-1 448, 559; it-2 1212; sh 51
tablet giving seventh year of Cambyses II: it-1 453; w11 10/1 28
tablets from rule of Sin-sharra-ishkun: w11 10/1 31
tablet showing shrine to sun-god: it-2 529
tablets identifying Cuth(ah) (Tell Ibrahim): it-1 562
tablets on accession year of Xerxes I: it-2 615-616
tablets on rule of Ashur-etel-ilani: w11 10/1 31
temple of Nergal (Tell Ibrahim): it-1 562
“Temptation” Seal: it-2 883
text of Sharkalisharri: it-1 235
Ur: w20.08 3-4; it-1 148, 158; it-2 322, 1141-1142; w90 6/15 7; w89 7/1 5, 7
vase naming Evil-merodach (Amil-Marduk) (Susa [Shushan]): it-1 773; w12 6/1 5
VAT 4956 (cuneiform tablet): w11 11/1 25-28
Verse Account of Nabonidus: it-1 283; si 138; gm 45
ziggurats: it-1 147; it-2 322; si 332
Assyria falls to: it-1 205
battle of Carchemish confirms: it-1 418
Medes share conquest: it-2 359; ip-1 178-179
astrology: it-1 206, 237; sh 84, 86; rs 144-145; g89 11/22 8; w88 3/1 29; g86 5/8 4-5, 9
zodiac: it-2 1240
astronomy: it-2 1240; sh 83-84
quality of observations: it-1 456
banks: it-1 248
battle of Carchemish: it-1 418, 768-769, 1268-1269; it-2 480; jr 24; dp 31; w88 2/1 27
calendar: it-2 1214
chronology:
lateness of cuneiform tablets: it-1 453-454
link with Bible chronology: it-1 453
Neo-Babylonian dynasty: it-1 452-454; w11 10/1 29-31; w11 11/1 28
guardian deities: it-1 974
Code of Hammurabi: it-1 551
discovery: it-1 703; g89 2/22 18
interest on loans: it-1 1212
law on stealing: re 13
Mosaic Law not based on: it-1 551; g89 2/22 18
Mosaic Law superior: w87 11/1 11-13
purpose stated: w90 11/1 19
wife beating permitted: g88 11/22 7
coming “from the north”: it-2 509
commerce: re 13
conquest by Medo-Persia: it-1 236-237, 239, 566-568; g90 12/8 20; gm 123-125; w88 3/1 30-31; w88 3/15 26; w87 9/1 24-27
from the north (Isa 41:25; Jer 50:9): it-2 509; ip-2 28
role of Medes: it-2 360; ip-1 176-180
year: it-1 454; w11 10/1 28; si 296
conquest foretold: gm 122-125; w88 3/1 30-31; w87 9/1 26-27
“day of vengeance” (Isa 61:2): it-2 1149
Isaiah: it-1 566-567, 1222-1223; g 5/13 12-13; g 2/11 17-18; ip-2 70-72, 76-82, 106-116; si 120-121; w88 3/1 30
Jeremiah: si 128-129; gm 123-125; w88 3/1 28, 30
Seraiah hurls scroll into Euphrates (Jer 51:59-64): it-2 896; re 269
creation epic: it-1 545-546, 922
criminal justice:
punishments: it-1 551
discussion: it-1 238-239; it-2 321-326; g 1/11 10-13; gl 22-23; w88 3/1 28-31
divination: it-1 637; ip-2 113-115; sh 80-81
conjurers: it-1 500
Nebuchadnezzar: w88 9/15 19
Egypt conquered by: it-1 698
Elamite dominance: it-1 702; w89 7/1 5
enmity for Israel: it-1 238
exile of Jews: it-1 414-418, 775; w16.11 22; w89 4/15 4; w88 3/1 29-30
602 B.C.E.: it-1 416; it-2 481
607 B.C.E.: it-1 415-416
617 B.C.E.: ijwbq article 193; it-1 415, 452-453, 1267, 1269; it-2 326; jr 24-25; si 132-133; w88 3/1 29
Babylon’s cruelty: ip-2 108-110
comfort from Jehovah: w25.05 8-13
condition of exiles: mrt article 11; it-1 416-417, 792; rr 95-96; ip-2 232-233, 365-368
distance from Jerusalem: it-1 568; rr 31-33; w86 1/15 8; w86 10/15 31
feelings of exiles: w25.05 8; rr 113, 115; ws 139-141
fulfillment of prophecy: rr 96-97, 106; gm 117-120
Isaiah foretells: it-1 1219; ip-1 396-397
Jews released: it-1 568-569, 800; it-2 1078; si 85-86, 283, 296
repatriation necessary: w12 6/15 9
spirituality of exiles: w13 2/15 8-9
Flood legends:
Epic of Gilgamesh: w92 1/15 6; sh 47-49; g89 1/8 7
Ziusudra (Sumerian legend): w92 1/15 5-6; sh 49-50
gods: it-1 237, 546, 974; it-2 482, 493; re 250; w02 10/15 4; sh 45, 48, 53; w89 4/1 7-8; g89 1/22 22-23; w88 3/1 29
mother goddess: w89 4/1 7-8
triads: it-1 281, 974; it-2 529, 812; w13 2/15 9; g 1/11 13; re 250; rs 51; ti 9-10; g89 1/22 22-23; w88 3/1 29; w88 6/1 18
triads of devils: it-1 237, 974
gods by name:
Anu: it-1 974; sh 45, 48; g89 1/22 22-23
Aruru: sh 48
Bel: it-1 281, 974; ip-2 93-96; sh 45
Belit: it-1 974
Ea: it-1 546, 631, 837, 974; it-2 380; sh 45
Ishtar: it-1 974, 977; it-2 503, 529, 721, 1064-1065; re 250; ip-2 124; g93 11/22 13; w91 7/1 3-4; sh 45, 48, 65; w89 4/1 7-8
Kaiwan: it-2 143, 778, 1032-1033
Marduk (Merodach): it-1 237, 546, 974; it-2 380, 482, 1042; nwt 1704; ip-2 124; dp 69-70; sh 45; w89 4/1 7; g89 1/22 23; w88 3/1 29
Namtaru: it-1 974
Nebo: it-1 974; it-2 380, 480; ip-2 93-96; dp 70
Nergal: it-1 562, 974; it-2 493; w02 10/15 4
Ninurta: it-1 974
Ramman: it-2 811-812
Shamash: it-1 974; it-2 529; re 250; sh 45
Sin: it-1 974; it-2 429, 529, 812, 1141; re 250; sh 45
Succoth-benoth: it-2 1042
Tammuz (Dumuzi): it-2 1064-1065; rr 57-58; sh 45; g89 1/22 22
government:
jurisdictional district of Babylon: it-2 139-140
magistrate: it-2 294; nwt 1703
Rabmag: it-2 725
Rabsaris: it-2 725
satrap: it-2 870
Hezekiah receives delegation from: it-1 1105; it-2 380-381; g 11/12 24; ip-1 396-397; gm 118-119
history: it-1 238-239, 452-454
Berossus: it-1 453; w11 10/1 29
influence on government: it-2 161
Judah invaded by (618-617 B.C.E.): it-1 238, 1267; it-2 480-481; jr 24-25; si 84; w88 4/1 14
Jehoiakim dies: it-1 1269; jr 24
temple looted: it-1 1267
Judah invaded by (609-607 B.C.E.):
Babylonian tablet: it-1 952
Jerusalem besieged, falls: it-2 43-44, 326, 481-482, 1227-1228; w16.11 21; si 84, 128, 135, 296; w88 3/1 29-30
judgment of Jehovah: w00 2/1 10-11; ct 140-142; w97 12/15 13-14
Lachish taken: it-2 188
last cities to fall: it-1 226; si 334-335
judgment day: it-2 136
languages:
Akkadian: it-1 37; w08 12/15 21-22
Aramaic: it-1 144
law:
authenticity of Daniel (Bible book): dp 20-22
maps of empire: it-2 321; nwt 1781; gl 23; dp 64; w88 3/1 31
medicine: it-1 631
musical instruments:
bagpipe: it-1 242
horn: it-1 1143
pipe: it-2 644
zither: it-2 1237
names:
Leb-kamai: it-2 232
politics: re 12
presumptuousness: it-2 681
religion: it-1 237, 239-240; re 13-14, 235-236; dp 69, 71; g89 1/22 21-23; w88 3/1 29
astrologers in Pergamum: it-2 607
bull worship: it-1 374
cosmic tree: g89 7/8 23
cross: it-1 240, 1191-1192; w89 5/1 23; g89 1/22 22; w87 8/15 21
demons: w13 2/15 9-10
divination: it-1 637; sh 80-81
evil eye: g89 1/8 22-23
fatalism: g99 8/8 5-6
hell: it-1 1087; sh 52-53; w89 10/1 4-5
images: w89 4/1 7; rs 51
immortality of the soul: it-1 237; w12 12/1 19; w99 4/1 11-12; ie 6-7; w90 5/1 22; sh 52-53; rs 51, 379-380
influence on Greece: it-1 978, 1001; w90 5/1 22; g89 3/8 20-21
influence on Rome: it-1 979
influence on world: it-1 239-240, 973-974; it-2 293-294; re 14; sh 68; rs 50-52; g89 1/22 23; w88 3/1 29
magic: it-2 293-294
New Year’s celebration: it-2 480; g86 12/22 21
origin of false religion: it-1 973-974
origin of religious myths: sh 68
parallels with modern-day: w89 4/1 7-8
spiritistic practices: rs 51-52
spirits: dp 104
spread: it-1 239-240, 973-974, 1169; sh 39-40, 68
star worship: it-2 1032-1033
superstitions from: w87 11/1 4-5
temple prostitution: it-2 701; w89 4/15 3
temples: it-1 147; w89 4/1 7; rs 50; g89 1/22 21, 23
rulers: it-1 235-236, 238-239, 425; dp 50-51
grasping hand of Marduk image: it-2 157, 380
“king of Babylon” (Isa 14:4): it-2 932, 1033; w02 9/15 30; ip-1 182-183
queens: it-2 720
rulers by name:
Alexander the Great: w89 5/1 3; w88 4/15 24
Belshazzar: ijwbq article 193; w20.02 31; it-1 148, 282-284; it-2 458-460; g 1/11 10-11; w00 5/15 11-12; dp 15-17; w98 9/15 8-9; si 138-139; gm 44-45; w86 2/1 27
Cyrus the Great: it-1 453, 568; it-2 157; g 6/12 14; w11 10/1 28; w89 5/1 3
Darius the Mede: it-1 580-583; it-2 360
Evil-merodach (Awil-Marduk, Amil-Marduk): it-1 147-148, 453, 773; w11 10/1 29
Hammurabi: it-1 101, 703; it-2 161; g90 8/22 16
Labashi-Marduk: w11 10/1 29
Merodach-baladan: it-2 380-381, 865, 893, 895
Nabonidus: it-2 457-460; w11 10/1 29; dp 99
Nabopolassar: it-1 205, 236, 238; it-2 359, 480, 505; w11 10/1 29
Nebuchadnezzar I: it-1 360, 703
Nebuchadnezzar II: it-1 147-148, 238, 452-453; it-2 480-482; w11 10/1 29; w00 5/15 12; dp 63-67, 69; w88 12/1 11-13; w86 4/15 13-14
Neriglissar (Nergal-sharezer): it-1 239, 283, 453, 773; it-2 493; w11 10/1 29
Nimrod: it-1 558-559; it-2 503; g90 8/22 16; g89 1/22 20-21
symbolized by—
head of gold (Da 2): it-1 983, 1186; dp 50-51
lion (Da 7): it-1 268-269; it-2 321, 323; dp 131-132
third head of wild beast (Re 13:1): w12 6/15 9-10
time of day: it-1 1152
world power: it-1 144, 236, 238-239; w12 6/15 9-10; w88 3/1 28-31
foretold: jr 158
short-lived: w89 4/15 4