POPES
(See also Pontifex Maximus; Roman Catholic Church; Vatican)
(Note centered heading below: List by Name)
abortion position: g87 4/8 6
book Vicars of Christ—The Dark Side of the Papacy: w90 2/1 18-19
claim of apostolic succession: w11 8/1 24-26; w91 10/15 8; g91 2/22 7-9; rs 37-44
defects in papal line: rs 41
dissension over: g90 6/22 8-9
claim of divinity: w90 2/1 13-14
claim of infallibility: g89 2/8 3-11
letter and reply on Awake! articles: g89 6/8 30
Cologne Declaration (1989): g90 6/22 9
commercialization of visits: g 8/07 29; g03 5/22 29; g87 12/8 29-30
corruption: re 208; w87 10/1 22-23
15th- and 16th-century Europe: sh 308
Crusades: g97 10/8 13; w90 2/1 17; sh 282; g89 8/8 22-24
Eastern church:
Bishop of Alexandria: it-1 13
encyclicals on Bible study: g86 6/8 3
exaltation: w90 2/1 13-14
Inquisition: w90 2/1 18-19; g86 4/22 20-23
Jesuits criticize: g89 8/8 28
nepotism: w86 8/15 14
origin in Catholic Church: w15 12/1 14; w11 8/1 25; sh 268-272; g89 2/8 9
first time Bishop of Rome was called “Pope” was in third century (quote): sh 271
papacy not founded by Christ: w91 10/15 8-9
papal primacy: g90 6/22 8-9
not professed until fifth century C.E.: g90 6/22 9
peace prayers: g87 6/8 7-8
politics:
decrees dividing continents (1400’s): g 3/15 10-11
power in feudal Europe: g89 8/8 23-24; w86 11/15 6
“two powers” theory: w94 7/1 15
“two swords” theory: w94 7/1 15; w93 7/1 10
relic veneration endorsed by: w91 11/15 3
rival popes: g89 8/8 25
speaking ex cathedra: g89 2/8 3-4; g87 11/8 9
statements on UN: re 243; w97 5/1 15-16; w95 10/1 5; w92 3/1 5-6; w89 4/15 14; rs 43
support of League of Nations: re 242
titles: g92 8/8 13; sh 272
List by Name
Alexander IV: g86 4/22 22
Alexander VI (Rodrigo Borgia): g 6/13 15; w03 6/15 26-29; g91 5/8 21; sh 308; w87 10/1 22
decrees dividing world between Spain and Portugal (1400’s): g 3/15 10-11
immorality: g92 5/8 27
Benedict IX: re 208
Benedict XII:
condition of souls after death: w95 3/1 29
Benedict XIV:
vernacular Bibles approved (1757): w05 12/15 16; g03 9/8 22
Benedict XV:
appeal for peace during World War I: g87 6/8 7-8
rejects invitation for ecumenical meeting (1919): g91 2/22 4
Benedict XVI (Joseph Ratzinger):
applauds Jewish refusal to use divine name (2007): w08 7/1 30
directs that God’s name not be used nor pronounced: w21.10 21
encyclical “Caritas in Veritate”: g 5/10 30
evolution reaffirmed: g 5/08 30
no longer an organ donor: g 12/11 28
speech at Auschwitz (2006): w07 5/15 32
Boniface IV: g 9/13 8-9
establishes All Saints’ Day: g 9/13 8
Callistus (Calixtus) I:
first to be called pope: sh 271
Clement IV: g86 4/22 22
Clement VI:
indulgences established: w87 9/15 28
Clement VIII:
makes coffee acceptable for Catholics: g 3/06 20
publishes Sixtine Clementine edition of Latin Vulgate (1592): w09 4/1 22
Damasus:
invites Jerome to revise Latin Gospels (382 C.E.): w09 4/1 20
Tome of Damasus (Trinity) (382 C.E.): w91 11/1 20
Eugenius IV:
decree on baptism: w93 4/1 4, 6
Formosus: re 208
Francis:
comment on inconsistency between what pastors and faithful say and do: g 2/14 3
prays to Mary: mrt article 49
Gelasius I:
“two powers” theory: w94 7/1 15
Gregory I (the Great):
edict to incorporate pagan worship: w99 3/15 25
introduces “God bless you”: g90 6/8 23
Gregory VII:
opposition to Bible translation: g 12/11 6-7; w97 8/15 11; gm 28
Gregory IX: g86 4/22 20-21
bulls (decrees) against heretics: w02 10/15 5
Inquisition: w95 9/1 30
Gregory XIII:
Gregorian calendar: it-1 392-393; si 281-282
Gregory XVI:
encyclical Mirari vos: g90 6/22 3
Innocent III: g86 4/22 20
Bible reading restricted: g 12/11 6-7; w95 9/1 27
comment on church authority: g90 3/8 4
Crusade against Albigenses and Waldenses: w95 9/1 27-28, 30; sh 282; w87 7/15 28-29
Crusade against “heretics” in France: w90 2/1 18
founding of Order of Friars Preachers (Dominicans): w95 9/1 27-28
Fourth Crusade: g89 8/8 23
infant baptism favored: w86 3/15 7
Innocent IV: g86 4/22 22
Innocent VIII:
blood transfusion: g86 9/8 26-27
John XI: re 208
John XII: re 208
John XXIII:
ecumenical council (1959): g91 2/22 5-6
Mussolini praised by: g94 4/22 28-29
Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity: g91 2/22 6
Vatican II council: g91 2/22 6; g90 6/22 3
John Paul II:
37th trip: g88 10/8 30
abortion disapproved: g88 3/8 25; g87 4/8 6
absolves church of responsibility in Rwanda war: g97 2/8 28
admits Christmas date of pagan origin: g95 12/8 31
apologizes for past African slave trade: g92 11/22 29
approves church campaign against Witnesses in Italy: g86 2/22 31
ascribes miraculous power to water of Lourdes, France: g89 7/22 28
asks forgiveness for church’s past sins: w98 3/1 3-7
Bible dissemination supported: g86 6/8 7-8
Bible reading urged: g98 10/8 17
birth control disapproved: w89 6/15 28; g89 9/22 24
blesses soccer stadium: g91 5/8 11
blood transfusion: hb 9
claims Mary died of natural causes: w98 8/1 31
claims Mary was first to see risen Christ: g98 1/8 29; g98 11/8 30; g94 10/8 29
claim that church is governed by Christ: g88 3/8 26-27
comment on being part of modern world: yb87 253
comment on homosexuality: g89 1/22 9
comment on military service: w90 10/15 21
comment on moving papal seat from Rome: g93 7/8 29
comment on political life of Christian: g90 12/8 21
comments on injustice: w03 10/1 4; w89 2/15 4
comments on sexual abuse by priests: g94 5/22 28
concern over nuclear apocalypse: w86 2/15 7
credits Mary for surviving assassination attempt: g91 8/22 28
criticism of preaching by Witnesses: w93 7/1 19
declares that Christians must witness: g99 2/22 3
declares that God will not destroy the world: w98 2/15 32
desire to visit USSR: g88 11/8 6
devotion to Mary: g88 11/8 2-4
door-to-door preaching urged: w96 12/1 32; g95 2/22 15; g94 7/22 28; g94 12/22 21, 29
encyclical Redemptoris Missio (The Church’s Missionary Mandate): g95 2/22 15; g91 6/8 28
encyclical Sollicitudo rei socialis (The Social Concern): w88 8/15 31
evangelism by all Christians urged: w16.05 11
evolution reaffirmed: g97 5/8 28; g97 5/22 28
Galileo exonerated by: g 6/15 11; w91 12/15 24; g90 2/8 28
Gorbachev (Mikhail) meets with (1989): g91 1/8 11
hell redefined by: w02 7/15 3; g00 3/8 29
hosts interdenominational assembly to pray for peace (1994): g95 12/22 24
letter on reality of Satan: w89 4/15 26-27
letter urging repentance by church: g94 10/22 28
liberation theology: g88 12/22 4; g87 8/8 19; g87 11/8 7-8
Marian Year (1987-1988): g88 11/8 2-4, 6-7; g87 4/22 29
message to Buddhist interfaith prayer meeting for peace, Mt. Hiei, Japan (1987): w88 3/15 8
open letter of American Jewish Congress on audience granted to Kurt Waldheim: g87 11/22 14
operation on hip using salvaged blood: g95 2/8 28
political efforts in Eastern Europe: w91 9/1 4
prayers for peace with multiple religions, Assisi, Italy (2002): g02 10/22 4-8
recorded messages on telephone: g92 5/8 28
rosary has fourth cycle added (2002): g03 6/8 29
support for UN International Year of Peace (1986): w86 10/1 15, 18-19
synagogue visit: g91 6/22 3; w86 9/15 26
theologians challenge: g89 11/8 29
UN praised: re 243; w97 5/1 15-16; w95 10/1 5; w89 4/15 14
urges Catholics to atone for past transgressions: g95 5/8 28-29
versatility: g95 7/22 28-29
visit to Australia (1986): g87 7/8 12-15
visit to Austria (1988): g88 11/8 30
visit to Canada (1987): g88 3/8 24-26
visit to Colombia (1986): yb90 128
visit to Cuba (1998): g98 8/22 28
visit to Germany (1987): g87 11/22 13
visit to India (1986): g87 9/22 13-15
visit to Israel (2000): w99 11/1 3
visit to Mexico (1990): g90 11/8 13-15
visit to Scandinavia (1989): g89 9/22 29
visit to Spain (1982): g90 3/8 2
visit to UN (1995): g96 7/8 22-25
visit to U.S. (1987): g88 3/8 24-26; g87 12/8 29-30
women not to be made priests: g95 3/8 28
“World Day of Prayer for Peace” (1986): re 249-251; w88 12/15 21, 23; g87 3/22 29; g87 6/8 2-10
“Yahweh” the only God: g92 9/22 28
Julius II: sh 308; w87 10/1 22-23
Leo I:
Pontifex Maximus: sh 271-272
Leo III: sh 272
break with Eastern church: g89 7/8 22
Charlemagne crowned by: w89 4/1 5
Leo X:
indulgences defined and approved: w87 9/15 28; w87 10/1 23
Leo XIII:
opposes non-Catholic and vernacular Bibles: g97 12/8 18
Lucius III: g86 4/22 20
establishes Inquisition: g97 5/8 18
Martin V:
Wycliffe’s bones burned: w89 5/15 4
Nicholas V:
grants Portugal rights to African lands (1455): g 3/15 10
Paul III:
establishes Roman Inquisition: g98 12/8 12-13; g97 5/8 18-19
Paul IV:
forbids possession of Bible in common language: w13 2/15 5; g 12/11 7
Index of Forbidden Books (1559): w05 12/15 15; g03 9/8 21
vernacular Bibles need church approval: g89 9/8 24
Paul VI: g86 6/8 7-8
birth control disapproved: g89 9/22 24
Decree on Ecumenism (Vatican II): g91 2/22 6-8
Dogmatic Constitution (Vatican II): g91 2/22 7-10
indulgences approved: w87 9/15 28
praise for religious celebration of UN’s 20th birthday: w89 4/15 14
UN the last hope of concord and peace (quote): re 243; w97 5/1 15; w89 4/15 14; rs 43
visit to Colombia (1968): yb90 119
Pius IV:
comment on harm from reading Bible in common tongue: g89 9/8 24
Pius IX:
abortion disapproved: g87 4/8 6
beatification by Pope John Paul II: g01 3/22 28
papal infallibility decreed: g89 2/8 4, 6
Syllabus of Errors: g90 6/22 3
Pius XI:
approval of Hitler: w89 4/15 11, 22
birth control disapproved: g89 9/22 23
encyclical Mortalium animos: g91 2/22 4
Pius XII:
abortion disapproved: g87 4/8 6
appeals for peace before World War II: g87 6/8 8
Assumption dogma: w94 2/15 28; g88 11/8 5
baptism of dying infants: w86 3/15 6-7
comment on sin: w89 10/1 12
Immaculate Conception dogma: g88 11/8 5
Marian Year (1953-1954): g88 11/8 5-6
pastoral letter to chaplains in warring nations: g94 10/22 3
silence about Nazi Germany: w89 4/15 11-12
Sergius III: re 208
Sixtus IV: w87 10/1 22; g87 10/8 24-26; g86 4/22 23
confirms Treaty of Alcáçovas between Spain and Portugal (1481): g 3/15 10
establishes Spanish Inquisition: g97 5/8 18
Sistine Chapel: sh 308
Sixtus V:
completes revision of Latin Vulgate (1590): w09 4/1 21-22
remodels Rome: g94 3/8 23
Stephen VI: re 208
Stephen VII: re 208
Sylvester I:
not at Council of Nicaea: sh 276
Urban II:
First Crusade: g97 10/8 13; g89 8/8 22, 24
Urban IV: g86 4/22 22
Victor I:
Lord’s Evening Meal: w94 3/15 5