KIZUMBA: Mambanga ne biseba byo bintu byaingijishanga banembi ba Baibolo ne bakopololanga.a (2 Timoti 4:13) Kunemba pa mambanga ne biseba kwalengejile byepi Baibolo kubula kuzhiya?

Mambanga onaika bukiji, kwaluka musombelo ne kusansaika. Wafunda pa bwikalo bwa bena Ijipita aye Richard Parkinson ne Stephen Quirke baambile’mba: “Mambanga akonsha kubola ne kusansaika. Mambanga o mwalama akonsha kutendeka kubola na mambo a kinyanzhinyanzhi kabiji bakoswe nangwa bilongolo byakonsha kwiaja kikatakata makena inge beazhiika.” Mambanga amo o bataine, beabikile pa mute wazonga nangwa pa kinyanzhinyanzhi ne kwialengela kubola bukiji.

Biseba byakosa kukila mambanga, pano bino nabyo bibola inge mwabula kwibingijisha bulongo nangwa kwibibika pa mute nangwa paji kinyanzhinyanzhi.b Kabiji bilongolo byatemwa kuja biseba. Buku wa Everyday Writing in the Graeco-Roman East waamba’mba: “Mabuku avula a kala aonaikile.” Inge kya kuba Baibolo wabolele, ne byambo bijimo inge byazhiya.

KYALENGEJILE BAIBOLO KUBULA KUBOLA: Muzhilo wa Bayudea wakambizhe mfumu yense ‘kwikopolwela mu buku ino Mizhilo,’ ko kuba’mba mabuku atanshi atanu a mu Baibolo. (Mpitulukilo ya mu Mizhilo 17:18) Mu myaka kitota kitanshi C.E., banembeshi bakopolwele mamanyusikilipiti avula bingi kya kuba mu mashinagoga monse mu Isalela kukafika ne ku Makedonya mwatanwanga Binembelo. (Luka 4:16, 17; Byubilo 17:11) Ki ka kyalengela kuba’mba mamanyusikilipiti amo a kala afikeko ne lelo jino?

Shayuka wa Lulayañano Lupya aye Philip W. Comfort waambile’mba: “Bayudea bafyanga mivungilo pajinga Binembelo mu milondo.” Bena Kilishitu batwajijile kulondela kino kisho. Onkao mambo, mamanyusikilipiti a Baibolo a kala beataana mu milondo ya buchimba ne mu makelo ne mu mapunzha mwabula mema.

KYAFUMAMO: Bibese byavula bya mamanyusikilipiti a Baibolo byaikala myaka kukila pa 2,000 ko biji ne lelo jino. Kafwako buku mukwabo uji na mamanyusikilipiti aikala myaka yavula ne.

KIZUMBA: Bantangi ba bumulwila ntanda ne ba bupopweshi bajinga na milanguluko yapusana na byamba Baibolo. Javula baingijishanga luusa lwabo kukanya bantu kwikala na Baibolo, kumupulinta nangwa kumutuntulula. Langulukai pa byaubile bantangi babiji:

• Nobe mu mwaka wa 167 B.C.E.: Selukya Mfumu Antiokasi Epiphanes, wakanjikizhe Bayudea kuswa bupopweshi bwa Bangiliki, kabiji wakambizhe konauna mabuku a Binembelo bya Kihebelu. Shayuka aye Heinrich Graetz wanembele’mba: “Ba biloolo banji inge bataana mivungilo ya mizhilo beitabaulanga ne kwiisoka ne kwipaya bantu beitanganga.”

• Kutendeka mu 500 C.E. kufika mu 1500 C.E: Bantangi ba Bakatolika bamo bazhingijile bantu basapwijilenga byamba Baibolo kukila kulondela mafunjisho a Bakatolika, kabiji batelanga bantu baikala na mabuku akwabo a mu Baibolo kufumyako a Masalamo a Kilatini amba bansatuki. Kavoto kemenako chechi kakambizhe’mba banabalume “bengile na ngovu kabiji mu bukishinka kukeba bansatuki konse ko bafyamanga, mu mazubo ne mu makelo mo bamwene’mba bakonsha kufyamamo . . . Mu mazubo onse mo bataananga bantu bo bamonanga amba bansatuki beonaunanga.”

Inge kya kuba balwanyi bamuzhiile Baibolo, byambo bijiimo inge byazhiya.

KYALENGEJILE BAIBOLO KUBULA KUZHIIYA: Mfumu Antiokasi watele muchima kupalanguzha mu Isalela, bino Bayudea bapalañejile mu byalo bikwabo. Bashayuka bamba’mba byo kyafikilenga myaka kitota kitanshi C.E., Bayudea bavula kechi baikalanga mu Isalela ne. Bayudea balamine Binembelo mu mashinagoga abo, bino Binembelo byo byaingijishenga ne bisemi bya kulutwe kubikapotu ne bena Kilishitu.—Byubilo 15:21.

Mu myaka pakachi ka 500 C.E. ne 1500 C.E, bantu batemenwe Baibolo bachinchikile lumanamo kabiji batwajijile kutuntulula ne kukopolola Binembelo. Kyamweka bibese bya Baibolo byajinga mu milaka yavula nobe 33 pakachi ka myaka kitota kya bu 15 saka kukyangye kwikala minkinyi ya kupulinchilako mabuku. Palutwe kacheche, Mabaibolo avula atuntulwilwe ne kupulintwa.

KYAFUMAMO: Nangwa kya kuba Bamfumu bajinga na bulume ne bantangi bajinga na byubilo byatama bakebelenga kuzhiya Baibolo, Baibolo bamusampanya ne kumutuntulula bingi. Wapimpula mizhilo ya mu byalo bimo, milaka ne bwikalo bwa bantu bavula bingi.

KIZUMBA: Kubola ne balwanyi bakankalwe konauna Baibolo. Pano bino, banembeshi ne bantuntuluzhi bakebelenga kupimpulako byambo bya mu Baibolo. Bimye bimo, bakeba kutuntulula Baibolo mu jishinda ja kuba’mba aswañane na mafunjisho abo, kechi kulondela mafunjisho a mu Baibolo ne. Twayai twisambeko pa bimo:

• Mpunzha ya kupopwelapo: Pakachi ka myaka kitota kya buna ne kya bubiji B.C.E., banembi bena Samaliya ba mabuku atanshi atanu a mu Baibolo pa Kulupuka 20:17 babikilepo byambo bya kuba’mba “ku Mutumba wa Gelizimu ko ko mukashimikila kya kusokelapo bitapisho.” Onkao mambo, bena Samaliya bakebelenga Binembelo kutundaika milanguluko yabo ya kushimika nzubo ya Lesa ku “Mutumba wa Gelizimu.”

• Lufunjisho lwa balesa basatu: Saka pakyangye kupita myaka 300 byo bapwishishe kunemba Baibolo, munembeshi waitabila mu balesa basatu pa 1 Yoano 5:7 wanungilepo byambo bya kuba’mba “mwiulu, Tata, Mambo ne Mupashi Wazhila: kabiji bonse basatu ke lesa umotu.” Bino byambo kechi byajingapo mu Binembelo biine bitanshi ne. Shayuka aye Bruce Metzger waambile’mba: “Kufumatu mu myaka kitota kya butanu na kamo, bino byambo byatainwenga javula mu mamanyusikilipiti a Kala a Kilatini ne a Vulgate.”

• Jizhina ja Lesa: Na mambo a kulondela bisho bya Bayudea, bantuntuluzhi ba Baibolo bavula bafumyamo jizhina ja Lesa mu Binembelo. Bapingizhapo byambo bya mushingi nabiji bya kuba’mba “Lesa” nangwa “Nkambo,” byambo Baibolo byo engijisha kechi kwambatu pa Mulenga ne, bino ne pa bantu, bintu bingijisha bantu mu bupopweshi bwa bubela, ne Diabola.—Yoano 10:34, 35; 1 Kolinda 8:5, 6; 2 Kolinda 4:4.a

KYALENGEJILE BANTU KUKANKALWA KUPIMPULA BYAMBO BIJI MU BAIBOLO: Kitanshi, nangwa kya kuba bantu bamo bakopolwelenga Baibolo kechi bateleko muchima ku byambo ne, nangwa bajinga na milanguluko yatama, bino bavula bateleko bingi muchima kabiji baingijile bingi bulongo. Bamazoleta bakopolwele Binembelo bya Kihebelu pakachi ka myaka kitota kya butanu na kamo ne kya bujikumi C.E. ne kwibituntulwila mu binembelo byo batela’mba Mazoleta. Babajile byambo byonse ne bisopelo pa kuba’mba bamone’mba kafwamo byambo byanungwapo ne. Apa po bamwene’mba byambo kechi biji bulongo ne, mu binembelo biine bitanshi byo baingijishenga, bebinembele mu tumapunzha twajinga pakachi ka buku. Bamazoleta bakaine kwalulako byambo biji mu Baibolo. Shayuka wa Baibolo aye Moshe Goshen-Gottstein waambile’mba: “Bamazoleta bamwenenga’mba ke mambo akatampe kwalulako byambo bimo bya mu Baibolo.”

Kya bubiji, mamanyusikilipiti a kala avula bingi akwasha bashayuka ba Baibolo lelo jino kuyuka po banungileko byambo. Pa myaka yavula, bantangi ba bupopweshi bafunjishanga’mba mu Binembelo bya Kilatini mo mwajinga byambo biine bitanshi bya mu Baibolo. Onkao mambo, pa 1 Yoano 5:7 banungilepo byambo bya bubela byo twaambapo ku ntendekelo ya kino kibaaba. Bino byambo bya bubela bebibikile ne mu Baibolo wingijisha bantu bavula bingi wa Kizungu wa King James Version! Pano bino, mamanyusikilipiti akwabo byo atainwe, asolwelepo ka? Bruce Metzger wanembele’mba: “Byambo [biji pa 1 Yoano 5:7] kechi bitaanwamo mu mamanyusikilipiti onse a kala (Syriac, Coptic, Armenian, Ethiopic, Arabic, Slavonic) ne, kanatu mu a Kilatini.” Kyafumamo, Baibolo ye bapitulukamo wa King James Version, ne Mabaibolo akwabo bino byambo bebifumyamo.

Nanchi mamanyusikilipiti a kala amwesha’mba byambo bya mu Baibolo byazhikijilwa nyi? Mivungilo ya mu Kalunga Kafwa byo yataainwe mu mwaka wa 1947, bashayuka baesakenye Binembelo bya Kihebelu bya Bamazoleta ne byajinga mu mivungilo ya Baibolo yo banembele kala kene. Umo wa mu jibumba japitulukilenga mu Mivungilo ya mu Kalunga Kafwa, waambile’mba “muvungilotu umo muji bishinka bimwesha’mba byambo bya mu Baibolo byo bakopolwele kala kene ku banembeshi Bayudea bya kishinka kabiji bya kine.”

Butala bwa mabuku bwa Chester Beatty mu muzhi wa Dublin, mu kyalo kya Ireland, muji mambanga a kala a Binembelo byonse bya Kingiliki bya Bwina Kilishitu, kubikapotu ne mamanyusikilipiti ajingako mu myaka kitota kya bubiji C.E., ko kuba’mba myaka nobe 100 kufuma kimye kyo bapwishishe kunemba Baibolo. Buku wa kuba’mba The Anchor Bible Dictionary waamba’mba: “Nangwa kya kuba pa mambanga paji byambo bimwesha bishinka byonse, bino bimwesha’mba byambo bya mu Baibolo bebikopolwele bulongo kwesakana na byonka byo byanembelwe mu binembelo bitanshi.”

KYAFUMAMO: Mamanyusikilipiti a Baibolo avula a kala amwesha kuba’mba Baibolo wa kine. Sir Frederic Kenyon waambile pa Binembelo bya Kingiliki bya Bwina Kilishitu amba: “Kafwako buku mukwabo wa kala uji na bishiino byavula bya kala ne, kabiji kafwako shayuka ulengulula Baibolo wakonsha kukana’mba byambo biji mu Baibolo ye tuji nanji lelo jino bya kine ne.” Kabiji shayuka aye William Henry Green waambile pa Binembelo bya Kihebelu amba: “Twakonsha kwamba’mba kafwako buku wa kala watuntululwa bulongo kwesakana pamo na Baibolo ne.”