Ngoko eBiblia yatuhikako

Ebinywa ebyo ni kwenene, nomo munabwire sihakiri ebitabu by’erilinga by’erimbere-mbere by’Amasako w’Ekiebrania n’Ekiaramua kutse by’Amasako w’Ekigiriki w’Ekikristo. Neryo, niki kyo kyangaleka itwikirirya ndeke-ndeke ngoko ebyo tuwiteko munabwire by’enebyo byabya omo masako w’erimbere-mbere awasondolawa n’ekirimu ky’oMungu?

ABAHANDIKI MUBATEYA EKINYWA KY’OMUNGU

OMungu mwabugha ati abandu balebe babye bakakola ekopi y’amasako, n’ekyo ni kighuma ky’oko myatsi eyaleka Amasako w’Ekiebrania iniatahera.b Eky’erileberyako, Yehova mwabugha ati abami be Israeli babye bakayihandikira esyokopi sy’Emighambo. (Eryibuka Ebihano 17:18) Kandi, oMungu mwaha Abalawi omubiiri w’eriteya Emighambo n’erikangiriryayo abandu. (Eryibuka Ebihano 31:26; Nehemia 8:7) Abaisraeli babere babilwa omo bunyewa mwe Babiloni, muhahuluka abahandiki, kutse abandu ababya bakahandika esyokopi (abasoferimu). (Ezra 7:6) Ebiro bikalaba, abahandiki abo mubahandika esyokopi nyingyi sy’ebitabu 39 by’Amasako w’Ekiebrania.

Neryo byabya biti oko bitabu 27 by’Amasako w’Ekigiriki w’Ekikristo? Ebitabu by’erimbere-mbere mubyahandikwa n’abakwenda balebe ba Yesu n’abigha balebe b’oko karne k’erimbere. Abakristo b’erimbere-mbere nabo mubakola ng’abahandiki Bayahudi: Nabo mubahandika esyokopi sy’ebitabu ebyo. (Abanya Kolosai 4:16) Omutabali we Roma, ye Dioclétien, n’abandi bandu ababya baponire Amasako mubasondya eritoghotya amasako wosi ogho Bakristo b’erimbere babya bakakolesya. Nomo bine bitya, ebitabu bingyi n’ebitswe byabyo bya kera bikine erihika na munabwire.

Kandi, amasako w’Abakristo mwabindulwa omo yindi mibughe. Esyotafsiri sy’erimbere-mbere musyakolwa omo Kiarmenia, Kikopti, Kietiopia, Kijeorjia, Kilatini, ne Kisiria.

ERISOMBOLA AMASAKO W’ERIKOLESYA OMO MUBIIRI W’ERIBINDULA

Esyokopi sy’ebitabu bya kera by’eBiblia sisirimo ebinywa bighumerera. Byamabya bitya, twangaminya tuti emyatsi eyabya omo bitabu by’erimbere-mbere?

Tulengekanaye oko kino: Tubughe tuti omughalima iniabwira abigha 100 ati bahandike ekopi y’esura y’ekitabu kilebe. Esura eyo yamahera, erilinganisya esyokopi 100 sy’abigha abo ryanganawatikya eriminya ebyabya omo kopi y’erimbere-mbere. Obuli mwigha anganahira omo kopi yiwe mw’amakosa. Aliwe sitwangabugha tuti abosi bakendihiramo amakosa maghumerera. Kutya, omughulu abakatsopolaya emyatsi y’ebitabu bya kera by’eBiblia bakalinganisaya ebihande n’esyokopi nyingyi sya kera sy’ebitabu by’eBiblia, bakafumbula amakosa awahirawamo n’abahandiki n’ebyabya omo bitabu by’erimbere-mbere.

Niki kyo kyangaleka itwikirirya ngoko ebyo tukasoma munabwire byo byabya omo bitabu by’erimbere-mbere? Frederick Bruce, oyukatsopolaya emyatsi y’eBiblia, mwahandika atya oko Masako w’Ekigiriki w’Ekikristo, agho bandi bakahulamo Erilaghana Rihya-rihya: “Hali emyatsi mingyi eyikakanganaya ngoko ebiri omo bitabu bya lino by’Erilaghana Rihya-rihya by’enebyo byabya omo bitabu bya kera. Aliwe, ebindi bitabu bya kera ko bite bitya. Neryo omundu syangasyatika-tikira ebitabu by’Erilaghana Rihya-rihya.” Mwatasyabugha ati: “Ebitabu by’Erilaghana Rihya-rihya byangabere ng’ebindi bitabu, abandu bangyi bangalighirebyo butsir’itika-tika.”

Amasako w’Ekigiriki: Oko mwiso w’akarne ke 19, Brooke Westcott na Fenton Hort, abandu abakatsopolaya emyatsi y’eBiblia, mubasondya eriminya amasako w’Ekigiriki awakabindula ndeke-ndeke ebyabya omo bitabu by’erimbere-mbere. Neryo mubalinganisya ebitabu by’erilinga by’eBiblia n’ebihande byabyo. Omo kati-kati k’akarne ke 20, Ekomite y’Embindula y’ekihugho kihya-kihya muyahulukya embindula eyakolawa erikwamana n’amasako wa Westcott na Fenton Hort. Kandi mubakolesya n’esindi papirisi esyafumbulawa alinga oko karne k’akabiri n’akakasatu M.W. Eritsuka omughulu oyo, esindi papirisi syabirifumbulwa. N’akandi, amasako ng’awe Nestle ne Aland n’awe Alliance biblique universelle alimo emyatsi eyafumbulawa n’abandu abakatsopolaya emyatsi y’eBiblia. Emyatsi milebe eyo bafumbula yiryahirawa omo tafsiri eno.

Eritsopolya amasako rikakanganaya ngoko emilondo milebe y’Amasako w’Ekigiriki w’Ekikristo eyikabanika omo syotafsiri sya kera, ng’etafsiri ye King James Version, siyabya omo masako awasondolawa n’ekirimu ky’oMungu. Aliwe, abahandiki ababya bakakola esyokopi bo bahira emilondo eyo omo Biblia. Kyo kikaleka esyotafsiri nyingyi isitabyamo emilondo eyo. Neryo kundi eBiblia yabya iyabirighabwamo milondo-milondo oko karne ke 16, emilondo eyo siyirimo kindu omo Biblia nyingyi. Emilondo eyo yeno: Matayo 17:21; 18:11; 23:14; Mariko 7:16; 9:44, 46; 11:26; 15:28; Luka 17:36; 23:17; Yohana 5:4; Emibiiri 8:37; 15:34; 24:7; 28:29; n’Abanya Roma 16:24. Omo tafsiri eno, emilondo eyo eyitemo kindu ikabyako ebinywa by’eyikwa.

Ebinywa biri by’eribughirira ebiri omo Mariko 16 (omulondo 9-20), ebinywa bikuhi by’eribughirira ebiri omo Mariko 16, n’ebinywa ebikabanika omo Yohana 7:53–8:11, sibiri omo bitabu bya kera. Neryo kundi si by’ekwenene, kyo kiryaleka ibitahirwa omo tafsiri eno.

Hane emilondo milebe eyiryasubawamo itoke erisosana n’ebyo abakatsopolaya emyatsi y’eBiblia balighire ngoko byo by’ekwenene. Eky’erileberyako, omo bitabu bilebe bya kera, Matayo 7:13 ikabugha yiti: “Mwingire omo lukyo luke; kusangwa olukyo ni lunene, n’enzira ni nene-nene eyikalolalya okw’ihera.” Omo syotafsiri nyilebe, ebinywa “olukyo ni” sibiri omo risako eryo. Aliwe, abakatsopolaya ebitabu bya kera mubafumbula ngoko ebinywa ebyo byabya omo masako w’erimbere-mbere. Kyo kiryaleka ibyahirwa omo tafsiri eno. Hane n’eyindi milondo eyiryasubawamo. Aliwe, muyikasubawamo omo hyatsi hike-hike, neryo sihali ekyo twangabugha tuti kyabirileka omwatsi owali omo Biblia iniabinduka.