Mtsogolo mwa Chipembedzo M’chiyang’aniro cha Nthaŵi Yake ya Kumbuyo

Gawo 11: 2 B.C.E.-100 C.E.—Njira ya Chikhulupiriro, Chiyembekezo, ndi Chikondi

“Zowonadi zazikulu koposa ndizo zopepuka koposa: ndipo choteronso anthu ofunika koposa.”—Akonzi a ku Britain a zana la 19 Julius ndi Augustus Hare

ZAKA zina 320 pambuyo pa imfa ya Alexander Wamkulu, mfumu ya ku Makedoniya, wogonjetsa wa dziko wokulirapo anabadwa. Iye akasiyana ndi Alexander m’njira zazikulu ziŵiri, monga kunanenedweratu pa Luka 1:32, 33: ‘Iye adzatchedwa Mwana wa Wamkulukulu, ndipo ufumu wake sudzatha.’ Yesu Kristu anali Wolamulira ameneyu, ndipo iye analinganizidwira kukhalabe kuposa kokha pa masamba a fumbi a mabukhu a mbiri yakale.

Yesu anali mwamuna wopepuka yemwe anakhala moyo wopepuka. Iye sanakhale ndi nyumba yachifumu. Iye sanadziike iyemwini pakati pa olemera ndi amphamvu; analibenso zokundika za chuma cha pa dziko lapansi. Yesu anabadwa chifupifupi October 2 B.C.E., m’banja Lachiyuda losadziwonetsera pansi pa mikhalidwe yopepuka kwambiri m’mudzi waung’ono wa Betelehemu. Moyo wake woyambirira unali wosatchuka. Iye anaphunzitsidwa mu ntchito yopala matabwa, “kukhala mwana, monga mmene lingaliro linali, wa Yosefe.”—Luka 3:23, NW; Marko 6:3.

Ngakhale anthu amene amaseka pa lingaliro la Yesu kukhala Mwana wa Mulungu sangakane kuti kubadwa kwake kunayambitsa nyengo yatsopano, palibenso aliyense angatsutse mwachipambano ndemanga yopangidwa ndi World Christian Encyclopedia kuti “Chikristu chakhala chipembedzo chofutukuka koposa ndi cha chilengedwe cha ponseponse m’mbiri.”

Osati Chatsopano koma Chosiyana

Chikristu sichinali chipembedzo chatsopano kotheratu. Mizu yake inazama mwakuya m’chipembedzo cha Aisrayeli, chochirikizidwa ndi Chilamulo cholembedwa cha Yehova Mulungu. Ngakhale pamene Israyeli asanakhale mtundu, kulambira Yehova kunali kuchitidwa ndi makolo awo Nowa, Abrahamu, ndi Mose ndipo m’chenicheni kunali kupitirizidwa kwa chipembedzo chakale koposa m’kukhalako, kulambira kowona kwa Mlengi monga kunachitidwa poyambirira mu Edeni. Koma atsogoleri a mtundu ndi achipembedzo a Israyeli analola chipembedzo chonyenga ndi ziyambukiro za Chibabulo kuloŵa m’kulambira kwawo ndipo chotero kukuipitsa iko. Monga mmene World Bible ikudziŵitsira: “Mpingo Wachiyuda pa nthaŵi ya kubadwa kwa Yesu unanyansitsidwa ndi zinyengo ndi kusanganizidwa ndi kachitidwe ka zinthu komwe kanaphimba zowonadi zauzimu zamkati zonenedwa ndi aneneri aakulu Achihebri.”

Zitalinganizidwa ku zocholoŵanacholoŵana za umunthu zoloŵetsedwa m’chikhulupiriro cha Chiyuda, ziphunzitso za Yesu zinazindikiritsidwa ndi kupepukitsidwa. Paulo, mmodzi wa amishonale anyonga koposa a Chikristu a zana loyamba, anasonyeza chimenechi pamene analankhula za mikhalidwe yaikulu ya Chikristu: “Ndipo tsopano zitsala chikhulupiriro, chiyembekezo, chikondi, zitatu izi; koma chachikulu cha izi ndicho chikondi.” (1 Akorinto 13:13) Zipembedzo zina zimalankhulanso za “chikhulupiriro, chiyembekezo, ndi chikondi”, ndipo komabe Chikristu chiri chosiyana. Motani?

Chikhulupiriro mwa Ndani ndipo m’Chiyani?

Yesu anagogomezera kufunika kwa “kukhulupirira Mulungu,” Amene anamulongosola monga Mlengi. (Yohane 14:1; Mateyu 19:4; Marko 13:19) Chotero Chikristu chimasiyana ndi Chijain ndi Chibuda, zonse ziŵiri zomwe zimakana lingaliro la Mlengi, zikumadzinenera kuti chilengedwe cha ponseponse chakhalako nthaŵi zonse. Ndipo popeza kuti Kristu analankhula ponena za “Mulungu wowona yekha,” iye mwachimvekere sanakhulupirire mu kuchuluka kwa milungu yowona ndi milungu yachikazi monga mmene zipembedzo za Babulo wakale, Igupto, Grisi, ndi Roma zinaphunzitsira, kapena monga mmene Chihindu chidakali kuphunzitsa.—Yohane 17:3.

Chifuno chaumulungu, Yesu analongosola, chinali chakuti iye apereke ‘moyo wake monga dipo mosinthanitsa kaamba ka ambiri,’ “kupulumutsa chotayikacho,” kotero kuti “yense wakukhulupirira iye asatayike, koma akhale nawo moyo wosatha.” (Marko 10:45; Luka 19:10; Yohane 3:16; yerekezani ndi Aroma 5:17-19.) Chikhulupiriro mu imfa ya nsembe kukwaniritsa chiwombolo kuchokera ku chimo kumasiyana ndi Shintō, yomwe imakana kuzindikira kuti chimo loyambirira kapena la cholowa liripo.

Yesu anaphunzitsa kuti pali kokha chikhulupiriro chowona chimodzi. Iye analangiza kuti: “Loŵani pa chipata chopapatiza; chifukwa chipata chiri chachikulu, ndi njira yakumuka nayo ku kuwonongeka iri yotakata; ndipo ali ambiri amene aloŵa pa icho. Pakuti chipata chiri chopapatiza, ndi ichepetsa njirayo yakumuka nayo ku moyo, ndipo akuchipeza chimenecho ali oŵerengeka.” (Mateyu 7:13, 14) Bukhu la Imperial Rome likunena kuti: “Akristu [oyambirira] anawumirira kuti iwo okha anali ndi chowonadi, ndi kuti zipembedzo zina zonse . . . zinali zonyenga.” Chimenechi mwachidziŵikire chimasiyana ndi mkhalidwe wa Chihindu-Buda, womwe umawona zipembedzo zonse kukhala ziri ndi phindu.

Kodi ndi Chiyembekezo cha Mtundu Wanji?

Chiyembekezo cha Chikristu chiri chozikidwa m’lonjezo la Mlengi kuti boma lake lidzathetsa mavuto a dziko. Chotero kuyambira pa chiyambi cha utumiki wa Yesu mu 29 C.E., iye analimbikitsa anthu “kukhulupirira [mbiri yabwino, NW]” kuti “ufumu wa Mulungu wayandikira.” (Marko 1:15) Mosiyana ndi zipembedzo za Kum’mawa, zonga ngati Ch’ŏndogyo, chiphunzitso cha Yesu sichinagogomezere utundu monga njira ya kuzindikira chiyembekezo Chachikristu. M’chenicheni, Yesu anakana malingaliro onse akuti iye aloŵe m’ndale zadziko. (Mateyu 4:8-10; Yohane 6:15) Mwachidziŵikire, iye sanamalize, monga mmene akuchitira atsogoleri Achiyuda ena, kuti “mtundu wa anthu uyenera mokangalika kuthandiza Mulungu kubweretsa Mesiya.”

Chiyembekezo Chachikristu chimaphatikizapo chiyembekezo cha kusangalala ndi moyo wamuyaya pa dziko lapansi pansi pa mikhalidwe yolungama. (Yerekezani ndi Mateyu 5:5; Chibvumbulutso 21:1-4.) Kodi chimenecho sichiri chopepuka ndi chosavuta kuchimvetsetsa? Osati kwa ambiri amene maganizo awo aphimbidwa ndi lingaliro la Chibuda la Nirvana, limene The Faiths of Mankind limalozerako monga “kulekeka” ndipo komabe “osati kuthetseratu.” Bukhu limeneli limatsimikiza kuti, m’chenicheni, Nirvana “siiri yotheka kuilongosola.”

Chikondi—Kaamba ka Ndani ndipo cha Mtundu Wanji?

Yesu ananena kuti lamulo lalikulu liri lakuti: “Uzikonda [Yehova, NW] Mulungu wako ndi mtima wako wonse, ndi moyo wako wonse, ndi nzeru zako zonse, ndi mphamvu yako yonse.” (Marko 12:30) Ndi mosiyana chotani nanga ndi zipembedzo zomwe zimaika chofunika choyambirira koposa pa chipulumutso cha munthu, pamene zimachepetsa zikondwerero zaumulungu. Chofunika chachiŵiri, Yesu anati, chiri chikondi chenicheni cha mnansi. “Chifukwa chake zinthu zirizonse mukafuna kuti anthu achitire inu,” iye analangiza, “inunso muwachitire iwo zotero.” (Mateyu 7:12; 22:37-39) Koma dziŵani mmene chimenechi chimasiyanirana ndi chiphunzitso choipa cha Confucius chakuti: “Chimene simukhumba kwa inumwini, musachite chimenecho kwa ena.” Kodi nchikondi chiti chomwe mukuchilingalira kukhala chachikulu, mtundu umene umachinjiriza anthu kuchita choipa kwa inu kapena mtundu umene umawasonkhezera iwo kuchita chabwino kwa inu?

“Kuyesedwa koyamba kwa munthu wofunika wowona kuli kudzichepetsa kwake,” anawona tero wolemba wa Chingelezi wa m’zana la 19 John Ruskin. Mwa kupereka moyo wake modzichepetsa m’zikondwerero za dzina la Atate wake ndi mbiri ndipo, chachiŵiri, chifukwa cha munthu, Yesu anasonyeza chikondi kaamba ka ponse paŵiri Mulungu ndi munthu. Nchosiyana motani nanga ndi malingaliro ozikidwa pa umwini ku umulungu wa Alexander Wamkulu, za amene Collier’s Encyclopedia ikunena kuti: “M’moyo wake wonse, umene mobwerezabwereza anaika pa ngozi, palibe umboni wakuti iye pa nthaŵi iriyonse anapereka lingaliro ku funso la chomwe chikachitika kwa anthu ake pambuyo pa imfa yake.”

Akuchitiranso fanizo chikondi chimene iye anali nacho kaamba ka Mulungu ndi munthu, Yesu, mosiyana ndi Ahindu a nthaŵi yake mu India, sanachirikize dongosolo la gulu logawidwa. Ndipo mosiyana ndi magulu Achiyuda omwe analola ziŵalo zawo kutenga zida zankhondo motsutsana ndi olamulira achilendo, Yesu anachenjeza atsatiri ake kuti “onse akugwira lupanga adzawonongeka ndi lupanga.”—Mateyu 26:52.

Chikhulupiriro Chotsimikiziridwa ndi Ntchito

Kutanganitsidwa kwa Chikristu choyambirira ndi chikhulupiriro, chiyembekezo, ndi chikondi kunadziwonetsera iko kokha mu mkhalidwe. Akristu anawuzidwa “kuvula umunthu wakale” wofala ku mtundu wa munthu wochimwa ndi “kuvala umunthu watsopano umene unalengedwa mogwirizana ndi chifuniro cha Mulungu m’chilungamo chenicheni.” (Aefeso 4:22-24, NW) Chimenechi iwo anachita. Mokondweretsa, malemu Harold J. Laski, wa sayansi wa ndale zadziko Wachingelezi, ananena kuti: “Kuyesedwa, motsimikizirika, kwa chiphunzitso sikuli kuthekera kwa awo ochilandira icho kulengeza chikhulupiriro chawo; kuyesedwa kwake kuli kuthekera kwake kwa kusintha mkhalidwe wawo m’kuzungulira kwa nthaŵi zonse kwa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku.”—(Kanyenye ngwathu.) Yerekezani ndi 1 Akorinto 6:11.

Omwereketsedwa ndi chikhulupiriro chosagwedezeka ndi chiyembekezo cha maziko abwino ndi osonkhezeredwa ndi chikondi chowona, Akristu oyambirira anagamulapo kulabadira lamulo lomalizira la Yesu kwa iwo iye asanakwere kumwamba lakuti: “Chifukwa chake mukani, phunzitsani anthu a mitundu yonse, ndi kuwabatiza iwo . . . , kuwaphunzitsa, asunge zinthu zonse zimene ndinakulamulirani inu.”—Mateyu 28:19, 20.

Pa Pentekoste wa 33 C.E., mzimu wa Mulungu unatsanuliridwa pa ophunzira Achikristu 120 osonkhana m’chipinda chapamwamba m’Yerusalemu. Mpingo Wachikristu unabadwa!a Ziŵalo zake mozizwitsa pa tsiku limenelo zinapatsidwa kuthekera kwa kulankhula m’zinenero zachilendo, chotero kuwatheketsa iwo kulankhulana ndi Ayuda ndi otembenuzidwa ochokera ku maiko ena omwe anali m’Yerusalemu kupezekapo pa phwandolo. (Machitidwe 2:5, 6, 41) Ndipo ndi chotulukapo chotani nanga! Pa tsiku limodzi lokha, chiŵerengero cha Akristu chinalumpha kuchokera pa 120 kufika pa kuposa 3,000!

Yesu analekezera kulalikira kwake kwakukulukulu kwa Ayuda. Koma mwamsanga pambuyo pa Pentekoste, mtumwi Wachikristu Petro anagwiritsiridwa ntchito kutsegula “Njira” kaamba ka Asamariya, omwe anasamalira mabukhu oyambirira asanu a Baibulo, ndipo pambuyo pake, mu 36 C.E., kaamba ka onse osakhala Ayuda. Paulo anadzakhala “mtumwi wa anthu a mitundu” ndipo anayamba pa maulendo a umishonale atatu. (Aroma 11:13) Mipingo chotero inapangidwa, ndipo inachuluka. “Changu chawo m’kufalitsa chikhulupiriro chinali chosatsekeredwa,” likutero bukhu la From Christ to Constantine, likumawonjezera kuti: “Kuchitira umboni Kwachikristu kunali ponse paŵiri kofalikira ndi kokhutiritsa.” Kuzunza Akristu kunalephera, kukuthandizira kufalitsa uthengawo, monga mmene mphepo imawuzirira laŵi la moto. Bukhu la Baibulo la Machitidwe limalongosola mbiri yakale yosangalatsa ya machitachita Achikristu osaletseka mkati mwa unyamata wa Chikristu.

‘Chimenecho Sindicho Chikristu Chimene Ndimadziŵa!’

Kodi limenelo ndilo yankho lanu pa kumva kalongosoledwe kameneka ka masiku oyambirira a Chikristu? Kodi mwapeza kuti m’malo mwa kukhala ndi chikhulupiriro cholimba, ambiri odzinenera kukhala Akristu lerolino ali odzala ndi chikaikiro, osatsimikiza za chimene ayenera kukhulupirira? Kodi mwapeza kuti m’malo mwa chiyembekezo, ambiri a iwo agwidwa ndi mantha, osatsimikiza ponena za mtsogolo? Ndipo kodi mwapeza, monga mmene wolemba nkhani zoseketsa Wachingelezi wa m’zana la 18 Jonathan Swift anachilongosola icho, kuti “tiri ndi chipembedzo kokha chokwanira kutipangitsa ife kuda, koma osati chokwanira kutipangitsa ife kukondana wina ndi mnzake”?

Paulo ananeneratu kukula kwa kuipa kumeneku. “Mimbulu yosautsa”—atsogoleri Achikristu mwa dzina lokha—“adzauka anthu, olankhula zokhotakhota, kupatutsa ophunzira awatsate.” (Machitidwe 20:29, 30) Kodi chimenechi chikakhala chofika patali motani? Kope lathu lotsatira lidzalongosola.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi patsamba 18]

Mkristu ali ndi chikhulupiriro mwa Mulungu wamoyo

[Chithunzi patsamba 19]

Chiyembekezo Chachikristu chimayang’ana kutsogolo ku paradaiso wobwezeretsedwa wa padziko lapansi

[Chithunzi patsamba 19]

Chikondi Chachikristu chiri chopanda tsankho m’kuthandiza ena kutumikira Mulungu