Syriac Peshitta Ne Ɔmaa Yɛnwu Alumua Baebolo Abohilelɛ Nwo Tetedwɛkɛ Dɔɔnwo
Wɔ 1892, mediema mraalɛ nwiɔ mɔɔ le ndalɛ, Agnes Smith Lewis yɛɛ Margaret Dunlop Gibson, vale afunlumu luale ɛsɛlɛ zo kenle ngɔnla hɔle St. Catherine Ɛsɔfoma sua nu wɔ Sinai Boka ne abo. Kɛmɔti a mraalɛ nwiɔ ɛhye mɔɔ bɛ ɛvolɛ 40 ne awieleɛ la dule adenle wɔ mekɛ mɔɔ ɛnee adendulɛ wɔ Aduduleɛ yɛ ɛzulolɛ la ɛ? Mualɛ ne bamaa diedi mɔɔ ɛlɛ kɛ Baebolo ne le nɔhalɛ la ayɛ kpole.
Agnes Smith Lewis nee St. Catherine Ɛsɔfoma sua nu
ƆHALE ekyii na Gyisɛse ahɔ anwuma la, ɔhanle ɔhilele ye ɛdoavolɛma kɛ bɛli ɔ nwo daselɛ “wɔ Gyɛlusalɛm, nee Dwudiya amuala nee Samɛlea [bɛhɔdwu] aleɛabo ɛleka biala.” (Gyima ne 1:8) Ɛdoavolɛma ne bɔle mɔdenle vale akɛnrasesebɛ yɛle zɔ. Noko akee, yeangyɛ, gyima mɔɔ bɛyɛle ye wɔ Gyɛlusalɛm la vale dwazotia kpole rale, na ɔlua zo bɛhunle Stephen. Gyisɛse ɛdoavolɛma dɔɔnwo nriandile hɔle Anteɔko, mɔɔ wɔ Selea, mɔɔ ɛnee le Wulomu Maanle ne azuamgbole ne mɔ ko, mɔɔ wɔ mayɛle kɛyɛ 350 wɔ Gyɛlusalɛm sɔlɔ la.—Gyima ne 11:19.
Wɔ Anteɔko, ɛdoavolɛma hɔle zo hanle Gyisɛse anwo ‘edwɛkpa ne,’ na menli mɔɔ bɛnle Dwuuma la rayɛle diedima. (Gyima ne 11:20, 21) Ɛnee bɛka Giliki dɔɔnwo wɔ Anteɔko ɛkɛ ne ɛdeɛ, noko ɛfi maanzinli ne anu a menli dɔɔnwo ka Syriac.
BƐHILELE EDWƐKPA NE ABO WƆ SYRIAC NU
Mekɛ mɔɔ Keleseɛnema mɔɔ ka Syriac anwo zonle wɔ ɛvoya mɔɔ tɔ zo nwiɔ anu la, ɛnee ɔhyia kɛ bɛkile edwɛkpa ne abo wɔ bɛ aneɛ nu. Yemɔti ɔzɔho kɛ Syriac a bɛlumuale bɛhilele Keleseɛne Giliki Ngɛlɛlera bie mɔ abo wɔ nu a na tɛ Latin ɔ.
Kɛyɛ 170 Y.M., Tatian, kɛlɛvolɛ mɔɔ vi Syria (kɛyɛ 120-173 Y.M.) vale edwɛkpa nna ne mɔɔ bɛlie bɛdo nu la bɔle nu na ɔyɛle buluku bie wɔ Giliki anzɛɛ Syriac nu, bɛvɛlɛle buluku ne Diatessaron, ɔle Giliki edwɛkɛkpɔkɛ mɔɔ abo kile “ɔlua [Edwɛkpa] nna ne azo.” Nzinlii, Syrianli Ephraem (kɛyɛ 310-373 Y.M.) hɛlɛle Diatessaron ne anwo edwɛkɛ na ɔzile zolɛ kɛ ɛnee Syria Keleseɛnema ta kenga ye kpalɛ.
Yɛ nye die Diatessaron ne anwo kpole ɛnɛ. Kɛmɔti ɛ? Wɔ ɛvoya 19 ne anu, nwomama bie mɔ zule kpolera kɛ bɛhɛlɛle edwɛkpa ne wɔ ɛvoya nwiɔ ne anu ɔvi 130 Y.M. kɔdwu 170 Y.M., yemɔti Gyisɛse anwo edwɛkɛ mɔɔ wɔ nu la ɛnle nɔhalɛ. Noko akee, Diatessaron ne anwo tete bɛsanloangɛlɛlera mɔɔ bɛnwunle ye wɔ zɔhane mekɛ ne anu la ɛmaa yela ali kɛ, ɔkadwu ɛvoya nwiɔ ne avinli la, ɛnee bɛva Mateyu, Maake, Luku nee Dwɔn Edwɛkpa ne dɔɔnwo bɛmaa dɛbadɛba. Ɔbayɛ kɛ ɛnee bɛlumua bɛhɛlɛ ye dɛba. Bieko, kɛmɔ Tatian anga apokrifa edwɛkpa ne anwo edwɛkɛ kɛmɔ ɔyɛle Edwɛkpa nna ne mɔɔ bɛliele bɛdole nu wɔ mekɛ mɔɔ ɔlɛboɔboa Diatessaron ne anloa la ati, ɔda ali kɛ bɛambu apokrifa edwɛkpa ne kɛ ɔle nɔhalɛ.
Syriac Peshitta mɔɔ wɔ Pentateuch ne anu wɔ 464 Y.M., bɛsanloangɛlɛlera Baebolo edwɛkɛ mɔɔ tɔ zo nwiɔ mɔɔ ɛhyɛ kpalɛ
Ɔkadwu ɛvoya nnu ne mɔlebɛbo la, bɛbɔle ɔ bo kɛ bɛfa Baebolo mɔɔ bɛhile ɔ bo wɔ Syriac nu la bɛali gyima wɔ Mɛsɔpɔteemea sɔlɔ. Ɔbayɛ kɛ bɛyɛle ye wɔ ɛvoya nwiɔ anzɛɛ nsa Y.M., ɛnee Baebolo mbuluku ne amuala wɔ abohilelɛ ɛhye anu, ɛnee 2 Pita, 2 nee 3 Dwɔn, Dwuudu yɛɛ Yekile mbuluku ne mɔ ala a ɛnle nu a. Bɛfɛlɛ ye Peshitta, mɔɔ abo kile “Sikalɛ” anzɛɛ “Nuhua La Ɛkɛ” la. Peshitta ne a le daselɛ ko mɔɔ ɛhyɛ mɔɔ hyia kpalɛ na ɔkile kɛ, bɛhilele Baebolo edwɛkɛ ne abo ndɛ na bɛvale bɛmanle menli a.
Ɔyɛ anyelielɛ kɛ, Peshitta bɛsanloangɛlɛlera ko kile kɛ bɛhɛlɛle ye wɔ 459/460 Y.M., ɛhye maa ɔyɛ Baebolo bɛsanloangɛlɛlera mɔɔ ɛhyɛ kpalɛ na ɔkile mekɛ fɔɔnwo bie la. Kɛyɛ 508 Y.M., bɛyɛle nzenzaleɛ wɔ Peshitta ne anu na bɛvale mbuluku nnu ne mɔɔ ɛnee ɔnle nu la bɛbokale nwo. Bɛvɛlɛle ye Philoxenian Version.
BƐNWUNLE SYRIAC BƐSANLOANGƐLƐLERA DƆƆNWO
Ɔkadwu ɛvoya 19 ne la, ɛnee asɛɛ Keleseɛne Giliki Ngɛlɛlera ne mɔɔ wɔ Giliki nu la kɔsɔɔti vi ɛvoya nnu anzɛɛ mɔɔ bɛyɛle ye nzinlii la anu. Ɔlua ɛhye ati, ɛnee Baebolo nwomama anye die mbuluku ɛhye mɔ mɔɔ bɛlumuale bɛyɛle mɔɔ le kɛ Latin Vulgate nee Syriac Peshitta ne la anwo kpalɛ. Zɔhane mekɛ ne, ɛnee bie mɔ die di kɛ Peshitta ne vi Syriac dɛba ne mɔɔ bɛyɛ nzenzaleɛ wɔ nu la anu. Noko ɛnee bɛnlɛ debie zɛhae mɔɔ bɛhɛlɛ la wɔ ɛkɛ. Kɛmɔ bɛbɔle Syriac Baebolo ne abo wɔ ɛvoya nwiɔ ne anu la ati, buluku zɛhae bamaa yɛanwu Baebolo ne anu edwɛkɛ ne mɔlebɛbo, yɛɛ ɔbaboa Baebolo nwomama kpalɛ! Asoo ɛnee Syriac ɛdeɛ dɛba bie wɔ ɛkɛ ɔ? Yɛbanwu ye ɔ?
Edwɛkɛ mɔɔ bɛhɛlɛ mɔɔ bɛfɛlɛ ye Sinai Syriac. Edwɛkpa ne a bɛhɛlɛ ye wɔ ɔ nloa ɛkɛ la
Ɛhɛe, ɛnee bie wɔ ɛkɛ! Nɔhalɛ nu, bɛnwunle Syriac bɛsanloangɛlɛlera mɔɔ sonle bolɛ la zɛhae nwiɔ. Mɔɔ lumua la a le bɛsanloangɛlɛlera mɔɔ bɛhɛlɛle ye wɔ ɛvoya nnu ne anu la. Ɔboka Syriac bɛsanloangɛlɛlera dɔɔnwo mɔɔ British Museum ne liele vile ɛsɔfoma sua bie mɔɔ wɔ Nitria Ɛsɛlɛ ne azo wɔ Egypt wɔ 1842 la anwo. Ɛnee bɛfɛlɛ ye Cureton Syriac, ɔluakɛ William Cureton mɔɔ le boavolɛ mɔɔ nea bɛsanloangɛlɛlera zo wɔ ɛkɛ la a nwunle ye a. Bɛnwunle Edwɛkpa nna ne mɔɔ le Mateyu, Maake, Dwɔn yɛɛ Luku la wɔ bɛsanloangɛlɛlera ɛhye mɔɔ sonle bolɛ la anu.
Bɛsanloangɛlɛlera mɔɔ tɔ zo nwiɔ mɔɔ tɛbɔ ɛkɛ ɛnɛ la a le Sinai Syriac ne. Mediema ndalɛ nwiɔ anyesesebɛ ne mɔɔ yɛhanle bɛ nwo edwɛkɛ wɔ mɔlebɛbo ne la a nwunle ye a. Agnes angɔ yunivɛsiti ɛdeɛ, noko ɔzukoale maanle gyɛne zo aneɛ mɔtwɛ, mɔɔ nuhua ko a le Syriac la. Wɔ 1892, Agnes nwunle debie kɛnlɛma bie wɔ St. Catherine, ɛsɔfoma sua nu mɔɔ wɔ Egypt la anu.
Wɔ ɛlɛka bie mɔɔ nuhua le awozinli la anu, ɔnwunle Syriac bɛsanloangɛlɛlera bie wɔ ɛkɛ. Ye edwɛkɛ mɔɔ ɔhanle la kile kɛ, “ɛnee nwolɛ zɔho kɛ bɛnva bɛnyɛ debie, ɔluakɛ ɛnee nwolɛ ɛyɛ evinli yɛɛ bɛmbuke nu la ati yebeta nwolɛ” wɔ ɛvoya dɔɔnwo anu. Ɛnee bɛkyikyi dɛba ne na bɛhɛlɛ anwodelɛnli raalɛ bie anwo edwɛkɛ wɔ Syriac nu wɔ nu. Noko, Agnes nwunle kɛ bɛhɛlɛ edwɛkɛ bie wɔ ɔ bo ɛkɛ yɛɛ edwɛkɛ agbɔkɛ le kɛ, “mɔɔ Mateyu,” “mɔɔ Maake,” anzɛɛ “mɔɔ Luku” wɔ zolɛ la. Asɛɛ Syriac Edwɛkpa nna ne amuala a ɛnee ɔlɛ ye ɔ sa nu la! Nwomama die di kɛ bɛhɛlɛle bɛsanloangɛlɛlera ɛhye wɔ ɛvoya nna ne awieleɛ.
Bɛbu Sinai Syriac ne kɛ Baebolo bɛsanloangɛlɛlera mɔɔ hyia kpalɛ mɔɔ bɛnwu ye la anu ko, le kɛ Giliki bɛsanloangɛlɛlera Codex Sinaiticus yɛɛ Codex Vaticanus ne la. Kɛkala bɛdie bɛdi kɛ, Cureton nee Sinai bɛsanloangɛlɛlera ne a le Syriac Edwɛkpa dɛba mɔɔ tɛbɔ ɛkɛ ɔvi ɛvoya nwiɔ ne awieleɛ anzɛɛ nsa ne mɔlebɛbo a.
“NYAMENLE EDWƐKƐ NE BAGYINLA ƐKƐ DAHUU”
Bɛsanloangɛlɛlera ɛhye mɔ baboa Baebolo sukoavoma ɛnɛ ɔ? Ɛhɛe, ɔbaboa bɛ! Fa mɔɔ bɛfɛlɛ ye kɛ Maake Edwɛkpa ne adwulaleɛ tendenle, mɔɔ Baebolo bie mɔ fa toa Maake 16:8 azo la kɛ neazo. Ɔwɔ Giliki Codex Alexandrinus mɔɔ bɛyɛle ye ɛvoya nnu ne anu, Latin Vulgate yɛɛ ɛleka ngakyile. Noko akee, ɛvoya nna ne anu Giliki bɛsanloangɛlɛlera—Codex Sinaiticus nee Codex Vaticanus mɔɔ di munli la dwula edwɛkɛ ne wɔ Maake 16:8. Adwulaleɛ tendenle ne ɛnle Sinai Syriac ne anu, ɛhye le daselɛ mɔɔ kile kɛ nzinlii yɛɛ bɛvale adwulaleɛ tendenle ne bɛbokale nwolɛ a, na mɔlebɛbo ne ɛnee ɔmboka Maake Edwɛkpa ne anwo.
Suzu neazo bieko anwo. Wɔ ɛvoya 19 ne anu, asɛɛ Baebolo kɔsɔɔti bɔle adalɛ, na bɛvale Nsa-Ko ne bɛbokale 1 Dwɔn 5:7 anwo. Noko akee, ɛhye ɛnle Giliki bɛsanloangɛlɛlera dɛba ne anu. Eza ɔnle Peshitta ne anu, ɛhye kile kɛ edwɛkɛ ne mɔɔ bɛva bɛboka nwo wɔ 1 Dwɔn 5:7 la le mɔɔ bɛva bɛzɛkye Baebolo ne anu edwɛkɛ ne a.
Ɔda ali wienyi kɛ, kɛmɔ Gyihova Nyamenle bɔlɛ nwolɛ ɛwɔkɛ la, yebɔ ye Edwɛkɛ Nwuanzanwuanza ne anwo bane. Bɛbɔ yɛ ɛwɔkɛ wɔ nu kɛ: “Ndile nwoso, ndotolo kɛnlɛma kpa, noko Nyamenle edwɛkɛ ne bagyinla ɛkɛ dahuu.” (Ayezaya 40:8; 1 Pita 1:25) Buluku ne mɔɔ bɛfɛlɛ ye Peshitta la boale wɔ adenle mɔɔ hyia la azo ɔmanle bɛvale Baebolo ne anu edwɛkɛ mɔɔ le nɔhalɛ la bɛmanle alesama kɔsɔɔti.