bible sadde tak kive pahunchi?

eh gall bilkul sach hai, bhave ki ibrani atey arami likhtaa ja masihi yoonani likhta di koi vi mudhli hath-likhat ajj tak bachi nahi hai. taa fir, asi eh bharosa kive rakh sakde ha ki ajj sadde kol jo bible hai, os vich ohi likhya hai jo parmeshwar ne apni pavittar shakti naal likhvaya si?

nakalnaveesa ne parmeshwar de bachan nu surakhyat rakhya

ibrani likhta bare is savaal da javab jaanan layi aapa ik purani reet utte gaur karde ha. parmeshwar ne eh reet kaiyam keeti si ki os de bachan diya nakla tyaar keetiya jaan.b misal layi, yahovah ne izraeel de rajya nu hukam ditta si ki oh apne hathi moosa de kanoon diya nakla tyaar karan. (bivastha saar 17:18) is to ilava, parmeshwar ne leviya nu zimmevari ditti si ki oh moosa de kanoon di kitab nu sambhaal ke rakhan atey lokaa nu is bare sikhaun. (bivastha saar 31:26; nehemyah 8:7) fir jado yahudiyaa nu bandi banaa ke baabel lejaya gaya, taa nakalnaveesa ja granthiya da samooh banya jinha nu sopherim keha janda si. (azra 7:​6, footnote) same de beetan naal ohna ne ibrani likhta diya 39 kitaba diya bahut sariya nakla tyaar keetiya.

sadiya dauran granthiya ne bahut dhyaan naal ihna kitaba diya nakla tyaar keetiya. madh yug (500-1500 eesvi) dauran yahudi granthiya ne, jinha nu masora de likhari keha janda hai, is reet nu jaari rakhya. ohna vallo tyaar keeti ajj maujood sabh to purani hath-likhat nu leningrad codex keha janda hai atey eh poori hath-likhat 1008/1009 eesvi di hai. par 20vi sadi de adh vich mrit sagar pothiya labhiya atey ihna vich bible diya lagbhag 220 hath-likhta ja tukrre san. bible diya eh hath-likhta leningrad codex to 1,000 saal to vi ziada puraniya han. mrit sagar pothiya atey leningrad codex di tulna kar ke eh gall pakki ho gayi hai: dove hath-likhta vich shabda da thoda-bahut farak hai, par ihna de sandesh vich koi farak nahi hai.

masihi yoonani likhta diya 27 kitaba bare kee keha ja sakda hai? eh kitaba yisu masih de kujh rasoola atey hor chelya ne likhiya san. yahudi granthiya di reet utte chalde hoye os vele de masihiya ne ihna kitaba diya nakla tyaar keetiya. (kulussiya 4:16) romi samrat diocletian atey horna ne ohna sariya kitaba nu nasht karan di koshish keeti, par is de bavjood vi ohna kitaba diya hazaara hath-likhta atey tukrre ajj vi maujood han.

masihi yoonani likhta da hor bhashava vich vi anuvad keeta gaya si. shuru vich aarmeeni, ithopiayi, seeriayi, kabti, jarjeean atey latini bhashava vich bible da anuvad keeta gaya si.

ibrani atey yoonani likhta de anuvad layi kehrre mool-paath varte jaan?

ajj bible diya jo puraniya hath-likhta maujood han, ohna sarya vich shabd ikko jehe nahi han. taa fir, asi eh kive jaan sakde ha ki shuru vich bible vich kee likhya gaya si?

is da javab jaanan layi asi is misal te gaur karde ha: ik adhyaapak 100 vidyaarthiya nu ik kitab de ik adhiaye nu shabd-ba-shabd likhan layi kehnda hai. bhave baad vich oh adhiaye gumm ho jave, fir vi vidyaarthiya ne jo 100 nakla tyaar keetiya han, ohna di tulna kar ke pata lagaya ja sakda hai ki os adhiaye vich kee likhya gaya si. har vidyaarthi shayad kujh galtiya kare, par eh namumkin hovega ki sare vidyaarthi ikko jehiya galtiya karan. ise tarha jado vidvaan bible diya puraniya kitaba diya hazaara nakla atey tukrrya di aapas vich tulna karde han, taa ohna nu nakalnaveesa diya galtiya pata lagg jandiya han atey oh eh vi jaan sakde han ki shuru vich kee likhvaya gaya si.

asi kyo bharosa rakh sakde ha ki bible vich jo vi likhvaya gaya si, oh sadde tak sahi-sahi pahunchya hai? ibrani likhta bare vidvaan william h. green ne keha: “asi bejhijak ho ke keh sakde ha ki pracheen same di hor koi vi ajehi kitab nahi hai jo sadde tak sahi-sahi pahunchayi gayi hove.” masihi yoonani likhta (jis nu nava nem vi keha janda hai) bare bible de vidvaan f. f. bruce ne likhya: “pracheen same de bahut sare lekhaka diya kitaba di bharoseyogta utte ajj koi vi savaal kharha karan bare soch vi nahi sakda, par sadde nave nem diya kitaba de bharoseyog hon de ihna nalo kite ziada saboot han.” os ne eh vi keha: “je nave nem da dharam naal sambandh na hunda, taa koi vi savaal kharha na karda ki eh bharoseyog hai ja nahi.”

ibrani mool-paath: angrezi vich ibrani likhta​—navi duniya anuvad (1953-1960) rudolf kittel duaara tyaar keete gaye biblia hebraica to keeta gaya si. os to baad ibrani mool-paath de nave sanskaran tyaar keete gaye jinha nu biblia hebraica stuttgartensia atey biblia hebraica quinta keha janda hai. ihna dova sanskarna vich oh sari jaankari shamal keeti gayi hai jo mrit sagar pothiya atey hor puraniya hath-likhta bare khojbeen kar ke haasal hoi. vidvaana vallo tyaar keete gaye ihna sanskarna de mukh paath vich leningrad codex istemal keeta gaya hai atey footnota vich hor hath-likhta vicho jaankari payi gayi hai jive samri pentateuch, mrit sagar pothiya, yoonani septuagint, arami targum, latini vulgate atey seeriayi peshitta. angrezi vich navi duniya anuvad da nava sanskaran tyaar karde same biblia hebraica stuttgartensia atey biblia hebraica quinta di madad layi gayi.

yoonani mool-paath: 19vi sadi de akheer vich b. f. westcott atey f. j. e. hort ne os same diya bible hath-likhta atey tukrrya di tulna kar ke yoonani likhta da ik mool-paath tyaar keeta. ohna de mutabak eh mool-paath shuru vich likhiya yoonani kitaba naal kaafi mel khanda si. 20vi sadi de adh vich navi duniya bible anuvad committee ne yoonani likhta da anuvad karde vele ise mool-paath nu vartya si. nale kujh puraniya papairi hath-likhta istemal keetiya gaiya jo shayad dooji atey teeji sadi eesvi diya han. is to baad hor vi papairi hath-likhta miliya. is to ilava, vidvaana vallo keete adhiyan de aadhaar te nestle atey aland atey united bible societies ne vi mool-paath tyaar keete. is adhiyan di kujh jaankari angrezi de navi duniya anuvad de is sanskaran vich payi gayi hai.

ihna mool-patha de aadhaar te eh gall saaf ho gayi hai ki masihi yoonani likhta de purane anuvada, jive ki king james version vich paiya jandiya kujh aayata baad de nakalnaveesa ne aap jorriya san atey eh aayata pavittar likhta vich kade vi nahi san. ziadatar baibla vich ihna aayata da anuvad nahi keeta gaya hai, par aayata de number ose tarteeb vich ditte gaye han jo 16vi sadi vich kaiyam keeti gayi si. eh aayata han: matti 17:21; 18:11; 23:14; markus 7:16; 9:​44, 46; 11:26; 15:28; luka 17:36; 23:17; yuhanna 5:4; rasoola de kamm 8:37; 15:34; 24:7; 28:29 atey romiya 16:24. is anuvad vicho eh aayata kaddiya gaiya han atey ihna de numbera de naal footnote ditta gaya hai.

markus adhiaye 16 di lambi (aayata 9-20) atey chhoti samaapti atey yuhanna 7:53–8:11 vich dittiya aayata bare eh saaf hai ki eh pavittar likhta vich nahi san. is layi eh mangharrat aayata is anuvad vich shamal nahi keetiya gaiya han.c

vidvaan mannde han ki kujh aayata de shabda vich fer-badal keeta jave taaki eh pavittar likhta naal mel khaan. misal layi, kujh hath-likhta mutabak matti 7:13 nu is tarha likhya jana chaheeda hai: “bheerre darvaze raahi varro kyoki chaurra hai oh darvaza te khulla hai oh raah jehrra naash val janda hai.” angrezi vich navi duniya anuvad de pehle sanskarna vich “oh darvaza” shabd nahi san. par hath-likhta de hor adhiyan to eh gall saaf hoi ki “oh darvaza” shabd pavittar likhta vich san. is layi is sanskaran vich eh shabd paaye gaye han. is tarha de hor vi kayi sudhar keete gaye han. par eh tabdeeliya chhotiya han atey ihna naal parmeshwar de bachan da sandesh nahi badlya hai.