MAKANI AAJATIKIZYA BANTU BAKAINDI
Joseph Priestley
Syaabusongo uutegwa Frederic Harrison, wakaamba kujatikizya ba Joseph Priestley kuti: “Luzyibo ndobakajisi mumilimo iisiyene-siyene, luyandisisyo, alimwi aluzyalo; luyandisisyo ndobakajisi ilwakuzyiba zintu zyakumubili, makani aakulilemeka, naa aayo aajatikizya banamaleya; zintu nzyobakali kusyoma kujatikizya sayaansi, bukombi, zilenge, alimwi atwaambo twacisi; mbobakajatikizyidwe mukucinca bweendelezi mu [France], alimwi amakani ausisya aakupenga kwabo, zintu zyoonse eezyi zibapa kuba muntu ulaampuwo kapati wamumwaanda wamyaka walusele.”
NCINZI ba Joseph Priestley ncobakacita icakali kuyandika kapati? Zintu nzyobakajana alimwi akulemba zilabajatikizya bantu mbobaubona mulimo wamfwulumende, Leza mbwabede, alimwi amuya ngotuyoya.
Kufwumbwa naa bakali kulemba kujatikizya sayaansi naa bukombi, ba Priestley bakali kwaakaka makani aakuyeeyela buyo alimwi atunsiyansiya, pele bakali kuyanda twaambo twamasimpe. Atubone mbobakacita oobo.
KUYANDAULA KASIMPE MUSAYAANSI
Nobakaswaangana asyaazibwene waku America, wazina lya Benjamin Franklin mu 1765, ba Joseph Priestley, balo ibakali kwiiya buyo sayaansi kuti kabatajisi mulimo wakucita, lino bakatalika kuvwuntauzya magesi. Mwaka iwakatobela, beenzinyina bakakkomana kapati azintu nzyobakajana, cakuti bakabasala kuba cibeela ca Royal Society of London.
Cakatobela, ba Priestley bakabikkila maano kwiiya chemistry. Muciindi buyo cisyoonto bakazyiba kuti kuli myuya iimbi iili mbwiibede, kubikkilizya amuya wa ammonia alimwi awa nitrous oxide (muya uupa kuseka). Alimwi bakasanganya maanzi amuya wa carbon dioxide, akupanga maanzi aajisi muya wa carbon dioxide.
Mu 1774, ciindi nibakali kuvwuntauzya kumusanza kwa England, ba Priestley bakajana muya uumbi walo wakali kupa kuti mulilo wankendulu kauyakisya. Nokwakainda ciindi, bakabikka mbeba mukabbodela mwakali muya musyoonto kapati uusika ku 60 ml. Eeyi mbeba yakazumanana kupona kwaciindi cilampa ziindi zyobilo kwiinda mboyakali kunoopona niyakabikkwa mubbodela mwakali buyo muya ooyu ngotuyoya. Ba Priestley lwabo bakauyoya muya ooyu, kumane bakaamba kuti “nokwakainda ciindi ndakamvwa kuti muubauba kuyoya.”
Eeco nceciindi ba Joseph Priestley nobakazyiba kuti kuli muya wa oxygen.a Nokuba boobo balo bakali kuyeeya kuti bajana muya iwakali kuyeeyelwa kuti taukonzyi kugwasyilizya kuti zintu kazipya. Kuyeeya kwaba Priestley tiikwakaluzi pe, pele bantu banji bayeeya kuti eeci ncobakacita “nkokwakali kuzwidilila kupati kapati mumilimo yoonse yamubuumi bwabo.”
KUYANDAULA KASIMPE MUBUKOMBI
Mbubwenya ba Prisetly mbobakali kusyoma kuti twaambo twakuyeeyela buyo twakali kusinkila kasimpe musayaansi, bakali kusyoma alimwi kuti tunsiyansiya twakali kusinkila kasimpe mubukombi. Cuusisya ncakuti, ciindi nibakali kuyandaula luzyibo lwamu Bbaibbele, ba Priestley bakatalika kusyoma muzintu izyatakali kweendelana ancoliyiisya Bbaibbele. Mucikozyanyo, aciindi cimwi tiibakali kusyoma kuti Bbaibbele lyakasololelwa amuuya wa Leza. Alimwi bakaikaka njiisyo yamu Bbaibbele yakuti Jesu wakali kupona kujulu katanaboola anyika.
“Ikuti sayaansi niyali nzila yakujana kasimpe, nkokuti ba Priestley bakali basyaazibwene musayaansi bancobeni.”—Oobo mbobakaamba basyaazibwene musayaansi, ba Katherine Cullen
Kulubazu lumwi, ba Priestley bakayubununa njiisyo zyabukombi bwakubeja, zyalo zyakali kusyomwa muzikombelo zipati-pati mane kusikila mazuba aano. Bakalemba kuti kasimpe nkaakali kuyiisya Jesu abasikumutobela mukuya kwaciindi kakanyonganizyigwa anjiisyo zyakubeja, kubikkilizya anjiisyo yakubeja ya Butatu, njiisyo yakuti buumi tabufwi, alimwi akukomba mituni calo cikasyidwe mu Bbaibbele.
Mizeezo yaba Priestley yabukombi alimwi akugwasyilizya kwabo kucinca bweendelezi mu America aku France kwakabanyemya kapati beenzinyina mu England. Mu 1791, nkamu yabantu yakanyonyoona ŋanda yaba Priestley alimwi amobakali kuvwuntauzyila makani aasayaansi, kumane balo bakatijila ku United States. Nokuba kuti balayeeyegwa akaambo kabuvwuntauzi bwabo musayaansi, ba Joseph Priestley bakali kusyoma kuti kwiiya makani aajatikizya Leza alimwi akuyanda kwakwe, cakali “cintu cabulemu alimwi ciyandika kapati.”
a Kazitanacitika eezyi, syaazibwene mu chemistry wazina lya Carl Scheele waku Sweden, wakaijana oxygen, pele wakaalilwa kwaamwaya makani aaya. Nikwainda ciindi, syaazibwene mu chemistry wazina lya Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier waku France, wakaupa zina muya ooyu kuti ngu oxygen.