Alhazen

Alhazen aayariwe oBasra, vano oniireliwa wIraque, mwaakha wa 965 nuumala Kristu orwa. Owo aanisiveliwa osoma itheneeri, iplaneta, química, matemaatika, medicína, muusika, óptica, física, ni ipoema. Xeeni nintthuneya ahu omuxukhurela?

EREPRESA OMURO NILO

Palano a Alhazen aanisuweliwa mwa iyaakha sinceene. Owo aaphavela oteka erepresa omuro Nilo. Masi mwaakha wa 1902, sivinre ene iyaakha sowiiraka 1.000, tepakiwe aya erepresa omuro Nilo, epooma ya Assuã.

Alhazen aahimpaka programa aarowa okhaliherya ovukula osarya-sarya ni othowa wa maasi wEjiitu, opakaka erepresa. Okathi mwene a oKairo, Caliph al-Hakim, aiwale awe eyo, aahimulattula Alhazen wira apake erepresa eyo wEjiitu. Nuumala oweha muro ole, Alhazen ahoona wira khaarowa owerya opaka erepresa ele. Masi, Alhazen aanoova ohukhummwa ni mwene al-Hakim, yoowo aasuweliwa okhala ootakhala. Nto wira ohihukhummwe, Alhazen aahiipaka okhala mulolo mwa iyaakha 11, mpakha okhwa wa Caliph mwaakha wa 1021. Okathi aatthukweliwe awe mwaha wa wiipaka okhala mulolo, Alhazen aahikhalana okathi munceene woovara miteko sikina.

ELIIVURU YA SIENSIA ENISOMA ITTHU SINOONEYA

Ohinatthi otaphuliwa, Alhazen iira olempe ene ivolume 7 sa Eliivuru ya Siensia Enisoma Itthu Sinooneya (Book of Optics). Eliivuru eyo ennihimmwa okhala “eliivuru yootepa otthuneya ya myaha sa física”. Alhazen onnitthokiherya inamuna sirumenle awe wira otokose moota onikhumela aya waarya. Eyo enihela muhina moota waarya iwo onikawanyeya aya wira okumiherye ikoore soovirikana, moota onikhumela aya valoolani, ni moota onivirikana aya okathi onikhuma aya opuro omosa orowaka opuro mukina. Nave-tho, owo aahisoma moota niitho nniwerya aya woona, mukhalelo aya ni moota ninvara aya muteko.

Iliivuru sa Alhazen saalempwale ni nttaava na Árabe. Nto eseekulu 13 saahitaphuleliwa ni eLatim. Muhoolo mwaya, asomi anceene a wEuropa yaanirumeela iliivuru iyo. Nave iliivuru sa Alhazen voohimya sa ilenti, saahaakhaliherya atthu yaapaka ookulu wEuropa. Okathi yaakunxe aya ilenti piili aluluwanyihaka ekina ni ekhwaaya, yaahipaka eteleskoopiyu ni microscópio.

CÂMERA OOPACERYA

Alhazen, ahiixutta itthu seiyo mpakha olelo-va sinirumeeliwa wira elathiwe efootu. Owo aahipaka ele enisuweliwa okhala câmera escura, wala maakina oopacerya oolatha ifootu. Maakina awo yaari “ekwaartu yooriipa” yaarina ephaka yaamukhaani. Okathi waarya waavira aya vaphakani, waarya iwo waanooniherya itthu saari vate siwenhe ene vathi.

Okhuma mwaakha wa 1800, câmera escura aahiheliwa iplaka sa ifootu wira oweryeke wooniherya ilatarato mwa enamuna sahaarowa aya ottiphaka. Nto eyo yaakumihenrye exeeni? Yaahikumiherya maakina oolatha ifootu. Maakina otheene anilatha ifootu olelo-va, annikhalana niitho moolikana ni câmera escura.a

ENAMUNA YA SIENSIA

Alhazen aanivarihela muteko enamuna enirumeeliwa ni siensia wira otokose saana itthu sa ephattu. Nto yaari etthu yoohakalaliha, maana eyo khiyaapakiwa okathi ole. Alhazen aari mmosa a atthu ale yaatokosa itthu saahimmwa, arumeelaka enamuna ya siensia eniireliwa weererya itthu. Nuumala otokosa etthu, owo khoovelela ovaanyiha akhala wira khiyaarina mathipelo, nnaamwi akina yaakupali.

Yoolema ya siensia a vano eni: “Mooniherye mathipelo a etthu enikupali anyu!” Akina annimuhimya Alhazen okhala “mutthu opacerinhe inamuna sa siensia a vano”. Tthiri, vannireerela omuxukhurela.