Ngaba AmaKristu Okuqala Ayelisebenzisa Igama LikaThixo?
IGAMA likaThixo livela izihlandlo ezingamawaka kwiZibhalo zesiHebhere, apho limelwa ngamaqabane amane יהוה (YHWH, iTetragrammaton). Okufunyaniswe ngabembi bezinto zakudala kubonisa ukuba kuSirayeli wangaphambi kokuthinjwa kwamaYuda, ngaphambi kowama-607 B.C.E., elo gama lalisetyenziswa ngumntu wonke, yaye kwiincwadi zeBhayibhile ezabhalwa emva kwexesha lokuthinjwa nguEzra, uNehemiya, uDaniyeli, noMalaki libonakala izihlandlo eziliqela. Noko ke, ngokuthe ngcembe njengokuba ixesha lokubonakala kukaMesiya lalisondela, ngenxa yeenkolo amaYuda aziva emadolw’ anzima ukusebenzisa elo gama.
Ngaba abafundi bakaYesu babelisebenzisa igama likaThixo (ngokuqhelekileyo eliguqulelwa ngokuthi “Jehovah” [Yehova], okanye “Yahweh” ngesiNgesi)? Ubungqina buthi babelisebenzisa. UYesu wafundisa abalandeli bakhe ukuba bathandaze kuThixo bathi: “Malingcwaliswe igama lakho.” (Mateyu 6:9) Yaye ekupheleni kobulungiseleli bakhe basemhlabeni, naye wathandaza kuYise osemazulwini wathi: “Ndilibonakalisile igama lakho kubo abantu obundinike bona, bephuma ehlabathini.” (Yohane 17:6) Ngaphandle koko, imibhalo yokuqala yeSeptuagint, inguqulelo yesiGrike yeZibhalo zesiHebhere eyayisetyenziswa ngabafundi bakaYesu, yayinalo igama likaThixo likwimo yeTetragrammaton yesiHebhere.
Kuthekani ngeencwadi zeVangeli nangazo zonke iZibhalo zamaKristu zesiGrike (“iTestamente Entsha”)? Kuye kwaqiqwa ngelokuba ekubeni igama likaThixo lalivela kwiSeptuagint, kumele ukuba lalivela kweyona mibhalo yokuqala yezi Zibhalo—ubuncinane apho iSeptuagint yayicatshulwe khona. Ngaloo ndlela, igama elithi Yehova livela izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwama-200 kwiNew World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures. Abanye baye bahlab’ amadlala ngokuthi oku akuyomfuneko. Noko ke, iNew World Translation ibonakala ixhaswa ngumthombo obungalindelekanga: iTalmud yaseBhabhiloni.
Inxalenye yokuqala yale ncwadi yamaYuda yonqulo inomxholo othi Shabbath (iSabatha) yaye iqulethe imigaqo emininzi ethetha ngehambo ngeSabatha. Kwelinye icandelo, kukho ingxubusho emayela nokufaneleka kokukhutshwa kwemibhalo-ngqangi yeBhayibhile emlilweni ngeSabatha, kuze kubekho esi sicatshulwa silandelayo: “Kwakubhalwe oku kwindinyana: Izikhewu ekungabhalwanga nto kuzo [gil·yoh·nimʹ] neeNcwadi zamaMinim, asinakuzikhupha emlilweni. UR. Jose wathi: Ngeentsuku zaphakathi evekini ubani umele asike iGama likaThixo elikuyo, alifihle aze atshise konke okunye. UR. Tarfon wathi: Ndingangcwaba unyana wam ukuba ndingangayitshisi kunye namaGama kaThixo akuyo ukuba ndiyayifumana.”—Iguqulelwe nguGqr. H. Freedman.
Yayingoobani amami·nimʹ? Eli gama lithetha “amalungu amahlelo” yaye linokubhekisela kubaSadusi okanye amaSamariya. Kodwa ngokutsho kukaGqr. Freedman, kwesi sicatshulwa ngokunokwenzeka libhekisela kumaKristu angamaYuda. Ngoko, yayiyintoni igil·yoh·nimʹ, eguqulelwe ngokuthi “izikhewu ekungabhalwanga nto kuzo” ngokutsho kukaGqr. Freedman? Zimbini iintsingiselo ezinokubakho. Zisenokuba ludini lomsongo olungabhalwanga nto okanye kwaimisongo engabhalwanga nto. Okanye—ngokwendlela enempoxo yokusebenzisa eli gama—zisenokuba yimibhalo yamami·nimʹ, ngokungathi le mibhalo ayinamsebenzi ngathi yimisongo ekungabhalwanga nto kuyo. Kwizichazi-magama le ntsingiselo yesibini inikelwe ngokuthi “iiNcwadi zeVangeli.” Ngokuvisisana noku, isivakalisi esivela kwiTalmud ngaphambi kwesicatshulwa esicatshulwe ngasentla sifundeka ngolu hlobo: “IiNcwadi zamaMinim zinjengezikhewu ekungabhalwanga nto kuzo [gil·yoh·nimʹ].”
Ngokuvisisana noku, kwincwadi ethi Who Was a Jew? nguLawrence H. Schiffman, inxalenye ecatshulwe ngasentla yeTalmud iguqulelwe ngokulandelayo: “Asizikhuphi emlilweni (ngeSabatha) iiNcwadi zeVangeli neencwadi zamaminim (‘abaqhekeki’). Kunoko, zitshiselwa kwindawo yazo, zona neTetragrammata yazo. URabhi Yose Ha-Gelili uthi: Ebudeni beveki, ubani ufanele asike iTetragrammata yazo aze ayifihle aze atshise okuseleyo. URabhi Tarfon wathi: Ndingangcwaba oonyana bam! Ukuba (ezi ncwadi) ndingazifumana, ndingazitshisa neTetragrammata yazo.” UGqr. Schiffman uhlabela mgama athi amami·nimʹ apha ngamaKristu angamaYuda.
Ngaba le nxalenye yeTalmud ngokwenene ithetha ngamaKristu angamaYuda okuqala? Ukuba kunjalo, ngoko kububungqina obunamandla bokuba amaKristu aliquka igama likaThixo, iTetragrammaton, kwiiNcwadi zeVangeli nakwimibhalo yawo. Yaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba iTalmud ithetha ngamaYuda angamaKristu apha. Loo mbono iyaxhaswa ngabaphengululi, yaye kwiTalmud umongo ubonakala ukuxhasa ngakumbi oku. Icandelo elilandela isicatshulwa esingasentla esivela kwiShabbath libalisa ibali elibandakanya uGamaliyeli nomgwebi ongumKristu apho kubhekiselwa nakwiinxalenye zeNtshumayelo yaseNtabeni.
Kwakukamva kuphela, xa ubuKristu obuwexukileyo baphambukayo kwiimfundiso ezilula zikaYesu, elathi igama likaThixo layekwa ukusetyenziswa ngabo babezibabaza bengamaKristu yaye lade lakhutshwa kwimibhalo yeSeptuagint nakwiiNcwadi zeVangeli nakwezinye iincwadi zeBhayibhile.
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 31]
Ngomhla kaYesu, igama likaThixo lalibonakala kwi-“Septuagint”
[Inkcazelo]
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