Isimilo Ngaba Sichasiwe “Yimilinganiselo Emitsha Yokuziphatha”?
‘Yeha, abathi okubi kulungile, okulungileyo kubi; ubukrakra endaweni yobumnandi.’—Isaya 5:20.
KULE nkulungwane yama-20 kuye kwakho utshintsho olungathethekiyo kwisimilo nokuziphatha. Kumashumi eminyaka aye alandela emva kweemfazwe zehlabathi ezimbini, imilinganiselo emidala ngokuthe ngcembe iye yagqalwa njengephelelwe lixesha. Ukuguquka kweemeko nokuvela kweengcamango ezintsha ekuziphatheni kwabantu nakwinzululwazi kuye kwenza abaninzi baqiniseka ukuba imilinganiselo emidala ikukudla ngendeb’ endala. Into eyayifudula inconywa njengekukubonakalisa isimilo iye yaphoswa kwelokulibala njengoxanduva olungeyomfuneko. Ukhokelo lweBhayibhile olwaluhlonelwa luye lwakhatywa ngawo omane kuba kusithiwa alusekho xesheni. Lunemida emininzi gqitha kwibutho labantu elihamba ngeliyibonayo nelikhululekileyo labantu abalandelayo benkulungwane yama-20.
Oyena nyaka ezatshintsha kakhulu ngawo izinto kwimbali yoluntu ngowe-1914. Ababhali-mbali kwiincwadi zabo ezithetha ngaloo nyaka nangeMfazwe Yehlabathi I bathetha bophele ngowe-1914 bewuchaza njengonyaka owazisa iinguqulelo ezagungqisa ihlabathi, njengowaqalisa ixesha elitsha elahlula imbali yoluntu. IMinyaka Yolonwabo yee-1920 yalandela emva kwemfazwe ibe abantu bazama ukubuyisa ulonwabo ababephulukene nalo ebudeni baloo minyaka yemfazwe. Imilinganiselo emidala nokuzibamba bayilahla kwesinomhlwa ukuze bakwazi ukuzifica ngolonwabo. Ukuziphatha okutsha, ukuzifica ngosukelo lokwenyama, kwaqalisa kungacetywanga—eso yaba sisiqalo sikavula-zibhuqe. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo loo mithetho mitsha yokuziphatha yeza neenguqulelo kwisimilo.
Umbhali-mbali uFrederick Lewis Allen ugqabaza ngoku athi: “Omnye umphumo waloo nguqulelo waba kukuba isimilo singaneli nje ukwahluka, kodwa—kangangeminyaka embalwa—saphela tu. . . . Ebudeni beli shumi leminyaka abamkeli-zindwendwe . . . bafumanisa ukuba iindwendwe zabo ziyafika zize zihambe zingakhange ziwuvule umlomo nabo; kwaba yinto eqhelekileyo ukuza ‘koogqadambekweni’ kwiindawo zemidaniso, abantu ‘babefika emva kwexesha ngabom’ kwizidlo zangokuhlwa, beshiya imidiza evuthayo ingoongqikana, belahla uthuthu lwemidiza ekhaphethini, bangaceli noxolo. Kwakukwabamb’ ezakhe. Mhlawumbi, ngaminazan’ ithile iminyaka elishumi eyalandela imfazwe ngokufanelekileyo isenokwaziwa njengeshumi leminyaka leSimilo Esibi. . . . Ukuba elo shumi leminyaka lalingenasimilo, lalingenalo nolonwabo. Imilinganiselo emidala eyayibuzimasa ubomi yaye ibenza bube nentsingiselo yemka nenkqubo endala, ibe imilinganiselo yokuyithabathel’ indawo ayizange ifumaneke ngokukhawuleza.”
Imilinganiselo yokuphinda izimase ize ibuyisele intsingiselo ebomini ayizange ifunyanwe. Ayizange ifunwe. Indlela yobomi echulumancisayo kavula-zibhuqe yeMinyaka Yolonwabo yee-1920 yabakhulula abantu kwimiqathango yokuziphatha, nto leyo ababeyifuna. Babengayilahli imilinganiselo yokuziphatha okuhle; nto nje babeyihlaziya, beyinyenyisa nje kancinane. Ekuhambeni kwexesha bayibiza ngokuba yiMilinganiselo Emitsha Yokuziphatha. Kuyo ubani wenza oko akubona kulungile kwawakhe amehlo. Ungobalulekileyo. Wenza unothanda. Uhamba ngayibonayo.
Okanye ucinga ngaloo ndlela. Enyanisweni, kwiminyaka engamawaka amathathu eyadlulayo, uKumkani uSolomon osisilumko wathi: “Akukho nto intsha phantsi kwelanga.” (INtshumayeli 1:9) Nangaphambili, ngexesha laBagwebi, amaSirayeli akha anenkululeko yokuzikhethela enoba ayeya kufuna ukuthobela uMthetho kaThixo okanye ayengafuni kwenjenjalo kusini na: “Ngaloo mihla kwakungekho kumkani kwaSirayeli; elowo wenza ngokubona kwakhe.” (ABagwebi 21:25) Kodwa uninzi lwangqineka lungakulungelanga ukuthobela uMthetho. Ngokuhlwayela ngale ndlela, uSirayeli wavuna amakhulu eminyaka eentlekele kweso sizwe. Ngokufanayo, iintlanga namhlanje ziye zavuna iinkulungwane zentlungu nokubandezeleka—yaye kuseza kuba kubi.
Kukho elinye ibinzana eliyichaza ngokungqale ngakumbi iMilinganiselo Emitsha Yokuziphatha, ngokuthi, “relativism.” IWebster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary ilichaza ngale ndlela: “Imbono yokuba imilinganiselo yokuziphatha ixhomekeke kumntu ngamnye nakumaqela anokuthanani nayo.” Ngamafutshane abalandeli berelativism bemi ngelokuba nantoni na ebonakala ilungile kubo yimilinganiselo yabo yokuziphatha. Omnye umbhali watyatyadula wenjenje ngerelativism: “I-relativism, ekukudala incathamile, yavela njengentandabulumko exhaphakileyo ‘yeshumi leminyaka likandim’ leminyaka yee-1970; isagqugqisa koochwenene neentokazi zeminyaka yee-1980. Sisenokuqhubeka sithetha ngomlomo ngemilinganiselo yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo, kodwa xa kufuneka yenziwe, sikhetha okusilungeleyo.”
Yaye oko kuquka isimilo—‘Ukuba into ethile iyandikholisa, ndiya kuyenza; ukuba ayindikholisi andisayi kuyenza. Loo nto uyijonga njengesisimilo, ayinakundifanela mna. Oko iya kuba kukutshila ngesidanga somnye umntu.’ Kubonakala ukuba abantu abanjalo oku abakusebenzisi kwizenzo zobukrwada kuphela kodwa bakusebenzisa kwanakumabinzana amnandi, alula nasetyenziswa umhla nezolo anjengala ‘Khawuncede, Ndixolele, Uxolo, Enkosi, Khawume ndikuvulele’ Hlala kule ndawo bendihleli kuyo, Ndicela ukukuphathisa.’ La namanye amabinzana anjengamafutha athambisayo enza izinto zibe lula yaye enza ulwalamano lwethu njengabantu lube myoli. Abo banesimo sengqondo sokuba ndim phambili bebeya kukukhaba oku besithi, ‘Kodwa ukubonakalisa isimilo kwabanye, bekuya kukonakalisa ukuphila kwam nokuzabalazela kwam ukuba ngobalulekileyo.’
Isazinzulu ngebutho labantu uJames Q. Wilson ubeka ityala lokwanda kongquzulwano nolwaphulo-mthetho ekuwohlokeni koko namhlanje “kujongelwa phantsi ngokuthi ‘yimilinganiselo yabantu abakudidi oluphakathi,’” yaye le ngxelo ihlabela mgama isithi: “Ukuwohloka kwale milinganiselo—nokwanda kwe-relativism—kubonakala kuhlobene nomlinganiselo ophakamileyo wolwaphulo-mthetho.” Ngokuqinisekileyo kunxibelelene nomkhwa wezi mini wokungafuni kuzibamba kwinto ubani ayithethayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ayinasimilo okanye icaphukisa kangakanani na. Oku kunjengokuba esinye isazinzulu ngebutho labantu, uJared Taylor satshoyo: “Ibutho lethu liye ngokuthe ngcembe lakunikel’ umva ukuzeyisa labhenela kwinkululeko yokuthetha, yaye abantu abaninzi abafuni nokukubona ukudla ngendeb’ endala besithi kuyacinezela.”
Irelativism ikwenza ube ngumgwebi wehambo yakho, ungananzi naluphi na ugwebo lomnye umntu, kuquka nolukaThixo. Uyazigqibela okulungileyo nokubi, kanye njengokuba isibini sabantu sokuqala senzayo e-Eden xa satyeshela umthetho kaThixo saza sazenzela isigqibo sokulungileyo nokubi. INyoka yakhohlisela uEva ekucingeni ukuba ukuba wayenokungamthobeli uThixo aze atye kwisiqhamo esalelweyo, kwakuya kwenzeka njengoko yamchazelayo: “Oqabuka amehlo enu, nibe njengoThixo, nazi okulungileyo nokubi.” Ngoko uEva wasithabatha eso siqhamo waza wasidla wandula ke wanika noAdam, naye wadla. (Genesis 3:5, 6) Isigqibo sika-Adam noEva sokusidla saba yintlekele kubo nakwinzala yabo.
Emva koshwankathelo olude lokunganyaniseki kwabezobupolitika, oosomashishini, amaqhawe ezemidlalo, izazinzulu, omnye owaphumelela ibhaso likaNobel nomnye umfundisi, omnye umakhimkhanya wathi kwintetho yakhe kwiHarvard Business School: “Ndikholelwa kwelokuba kwilizwe lethu namhlanje sithwaxwa koko ndikhetha ukukubiza ngokuthi ngamanqam esimilo, ilahleko yoko ngokwesithethe kwimpucuko yaseNtshona kuye kwagqalwa ikoko kuzibamba kwangaphakathi neempawu zangaphakathi ezisithintela ekwaneliseni utyekelo lwethu olungenamilinganiselo iphakamileyo.” Wathetha “ngamagama aya kuphantse avakale engaqhelekanga xa esetyenziswa namhlanje, amagama anjengala ubukroti, imbeko, imbopheleleko, imfesane, impucuko—amagama aphantse abe akasasetyenziswa.”
Ngeminyaka yee-1960 kwiiyunivesithi, kwavela iimbambano ezithile. Abaninzi babesithi ‘akukho Thixo, uThixo ufile, akukho nto, akukho milinganiselo yokuziphatha yongamileyo, ubomi abunantsingiselo ngokupheleleyo, unokukoyisa ukungabi nantsingiselo kobomi ngokujongana nesiqu sakho.’ Amahippie aqiniseka ukuba akhululwe aza aqhubeka ezama ukoyisa ukungabi nantsingiselo kobomi ‘ngokusezela icocaine, ngokutshaya umya, ngokuziphatha kakubi ngokwesini nangokufuna uxolo lobuqu.’ Angazange alufumane.
Kwandula ke kwakho imingcelele yoqhankqalazo yeminyaka yee-1960. Wonke umntu wayethe phithi yiyo, yamkelwa ngokubanzi kwizithethe zamaMerika yaqhubeka yaya kufikelela kwishumi leminyaka yee-1970 ka-Ndim. Ngaloo ndlela saba ke singena kwishumi leminyaka uTom Wolfe, umhlalutyi wemicimbi yabantu, awalibiza ngokuthi “ishumi leminyaka lika-Ndim.” Oko kwada kwafikelela nakwiminyaka yee-1980, abaninzi behlekisa abalibiza ngokuthi “lixesha leziyunguma elinamabawa.”
Konke oku kunayiphi into yokwenza nesimilo? Kubalaselisa ukuzibeka kwindawo yokuqala, yaye ukuba uzibeka kwindawo yokuqala, akunakuyekela abanye ezintweni, akunakubeka abanye kwindawo yokuqala, akunakukwazi ukuba nesimilo esihle kwabanye. Enyanisweni ngokuzibeka kwindawo yokuqala, usenokuba ubandakanyeke kuhlobo lokuzinqula, unqulo luka-Ndim. IBhayibhile imchaza njani ubani owenza oko? ‘Njengolibawa—engumkhonzi wezithixo,’ njengobonisa ‘ukubawa, okuyinkonzo yezithixo kona oko.’ (Efese 5:5; Kolose 3:5) Abantu abanjalo ngokwenene bakhonza bani? “AbaThixo usisisu sabo.” (Filipi 3:19) Ezinye iindlela zobomi ezilihlazo abantu abaninzi abaye bazikhetha njengemilinganiselo yokuziphatha ebalungeleyo kunye nemiphumo eyintlekele nebulalayo yezo ndlela zobomi ingqina ubunyaniso bukaYeremiya 10:23: “Ndiyazi, Yehova, ukuba ayikhona emntwini indlela yakhe; akukhona endodeni ehambayo ukuqinisela ukunyathela kwayo.”
IBhayibhile yakubona kwangaphambili oku yaza yakuchaza kwangaphambili njengomqondiso olumkisayo ‘wemihla yokugqibela,’ njengokuba kubhaliwe kweyesi-2 kuTimoti 3:1-5, ngokweNew English Bible: “Umele ujamelane nesi sibakala: ixesha lokugqibela leli hlabathi liya kuba lixesha leenkathazo. Abantu baya kuba ngabathanda imali neziqu zabo; baya kuba ngabazidlayo, abaqhayisayo, nabanyelisi; bengabahloneli abazali, bengenambulelo, bengenamdla kunqulo, bengenawo umsa wemvelo; abangenatarhu kwintiyo yabo, abahlebi, abangenakuzeyisa nabaneengcwangu, abangakwaziyo ukulunga, abangcatshi, amadela-kufa, abaziva bebaluleke gqitha. Baya kuba ngabantu ababeka iziyolo endaweni kaThixo, abantu ababonakala bengabonqulo, kodwa bekukhanyela ngokwenene oko. Shenxa kubantu abanjengaba.”
Asiseyiyo kwaphela into esasidalwe sayiyo—umfanekiselo kaThixo. Iimpawu zothando, ubulumko, okusesikweni namandla zisekho kuthi kodwa azisalungelelananga yaye zigqwethekile. Inyathelo lokuqala lendlela yokuguquka lichazwa kwisivakalisi sokugqibela sesi sicatshulwa seBhayibhile sicatshulwe ngasentla: “Shenxa kubantu abanjengaba.” Funa imekobume entsha, leyo iya kude itshintshe neemvakalelo zakho zangaphakathi. UDorothy Thompson kwincwadi yakhe ethi The Ladies’ Home Journal wabhala amazwi anobulumko afundisayo angalo mba kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Ingcaphulo yakhe iqala ngokuthi ukuze koyiswe ubunjubaqa bolutsha, kufuneka kufundiswe iimvakalelo zoselula kunobukrelekrele bakhe:
“Izenzo nesimo sakhe sengqondo njengomntwana ngokuyintloko zizo ezigqiba ngokuba ziya kuba njani izenzo nesimo sakhe sengqondo xa emdala. Kodwa ezi aziphenjelelwa yingqondo yakhe, kodwa ziphenjelelwa ziimvakalelo zakhe. Uba yiloo nto akhuthazelwa naqeqeshelwa ukuyithanda, ukuyincoma, ukuyinqula, ukuyixabisa nokuzincamela yona. . . . Kuko konke oku isimilo sinendima ebalulekileyo, kuba isimilo esihle siyimbonakaliso yolwazelelelo kwabanye. . . . Iimvakalelo zangaphakathi zibonakala kwindlela yokuziphatha yangaphandle, kodwa indlela yokuziphatha yangaphandle ikwafak’ isandla ekuhlakuleleni iimvakalelo zangaphakathi. Kunzima ukuba neengcwangu ngoxa unolwazelelelo. Okokuqala isimilo esihle sisenokungabi nzulu, kodwa kunqabile ukuba sihlale sinjalo.”
Kwakhona waphawula ukuba, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ukulunga nobubi “azilawulwa yingqondo kodwa ziimvakalelo” yaye “izaphuli-mthetho azibi njalo ngenxa yokuba lukhuni koonothumela kodwa ngenxa yokuba lukhuni kwentliziyo.” Wabethelela ukuba iimvakalelo zilawula ihambo yethu ngokufuthi ngakumbi kunengqondo yaye indlela esiqeqeshwe ngayo, indlela esenza ngayo izinto, kwanokuba inyanzelwe ekuqaleni, iphembelela iimvakalelo ezingaphakathi yaye iyayiguqula intliziyo.
Noko ke, yiBhayibhile ebalaseleyo ekunikeleni icebiso eliphefumlelweyo lokuguqula umntu wangaphakathi wentliziyo.
Okokuqala, eyabase-Efese 4:22-24 ithi: “Nithi ngakwihambo yangaphambili nimlahle umntu omdala, owonakaliswayo ngokweenkanuko zokulukuhla; nihlaziywe ke kuwo umoya wengqiqo yenu, nimambathe umntu omtsha, othe ngokukaThixo wadalelwa ebulungiseni, nasebungcweleni benyaniso.”
Okwesibini, eyabaseKolose 3:9, 10, 12-14 ithi: “Nizihlubile nje umntu omdala, kunye nezenzo zakhe, nambatha lowo umtsha, uhlaziyelwa ekwazini okuhle, ngokomfanekiselo walowo wamdalayo. Yambathani ngoko, njengabanyulwa bakaThixo, abangcwele, abathandiweyo, iimfesane zeemfefe, ububele, ukuthobeka kwentliziyo, ubulali, ukuzeka kade umsindo, ninyamezelana, nixolelana, ukuba ubani uthi abe nokusola ngakubani; njengokuba naye uKristu wanixolelayo, yenjani njalo nani. Ke, phezu kwazo zonke ezo zinto, yalekani uthando, oluyintambo yogqibelelo.”
Umbhali-mbali uWill Durant wathi: “Imbambano enkulu kwixesha lethu asibobukomanisi nxamnye nenkululeko yokuzikhethela, asiyoYurophu nxamnye neMerika, ingeyiyo neMpuma nxamnye neNtshona; ikukuba abantu bangaphila na ngaphandle kukaThixo.”
Ukuze siphile ubomi obunempumelelo, simele sithobele isiluleko sakhe. “Nyana wam, musa ukuwulibala umyalelo wam; intliziyo yakho mayiyibambe imithetho yam; kuba iya kukongeza imihla emide, neminyaka yobomi, noxolo. Inceba nenyaniso mayingakushiyi; zinxibe kuwe emqaleni; zibhale elucwecweni lwentliziyo yakho, ubabalwe ube nengqiqo entle emehlweni kaThixo nawabantu. Kholosa ngoYehova ngentliziyo yakho yonke, ungayami okwakho ukuqonda. Uze umazi yena ezindleleni zakho zonke; wowulungelelanisa umendo wakho.”—IMizekeliso 3:1-6.
Ngaphezu koko isimilo esihle sobubele nesolwazelelelo esifundwe kwiinkulungwane zobomi asingomthwalo ungeyomfuneko, yaye ukhokelo lweBhayibhile lobomi aluphelelwanga lixesha konke konke kodwa luya kungqineka lulolokusindiswa koluntu ngonaphakade. Ngaphandle koYehova, alunakukwazi ukuqhubeka luphila, kuba ‘likuYehova ithende lobomi.’—INdumiso 36:9.
[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 19]
Indlela esenza ngayo izinto, kwanokuba inyanzelwe ekuqaleni, iphembelela iimvakalelo ezingaphakathi yaye iguqula intliziyo
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 18]
Isimilo Sasetafileni Esingenasiphako Abantu Abanokwenza Kakuhle Ukusixelisa
Iintaka iiwaxwing, ezintle, ezinesimilo esihle, ezinobuhlobo kakhulu, zitya kunye kwityholo elikhulu elichumileyo ngamaqunube avuthiweyo. Zikrozile zimi esebeni, zitya ezo ziqhamo, kodwa kungekhona ngokunyoluka. Zidluliselana amaqunube ngemilomo, de eyokugqibela itye yanele. Azize zibalibale “abantwana” bazo, ngokungadinwa zizisa ukutya, iqunube emva kwelinye, de bonke abalambileyo bahluthe.
[Inkcazelo]
H. Armstrong Roberts
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 16]
Bambi bathi: ‘Yahlukana neBhayibhile nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha’
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 17]
“UThixo ufile.”
“Ubomi abunantsingiselo!”
“Ukutshaya umya, usezele ne‘cocaine’”
[Inkcazelo Ngomfanekiso okwiphepha 15]
Left: Life; Right: Grandville