Apho Iinkozi Zibhabhela Khona Ukuze Zifumane Izidlo Zentlanzi
ZIZA zingamawaka, zinxibe kakuhle zilungele isidlo, zibhabha zisuka kulo lonke elaseAlaska, eBritish Columbia, nakumgama okude njengelizwe laseWashington. Ezi ntaka zibangela umdla, zahluke gqitha ngeentloko zazo ezimhlophe neentsiba zemisila yazo ezintle eziyivulayo ukuthob’ isantya xa zihlala phantsi. Ngemizimba yazo emdaka ngebala, ekumlinganiselo weekhilogram ezintandathu ubunzima, iimazi zinkulu kancinane kuneenkunzi, zinokubhabha ngesantya esiziikhilomitha ezingama-50 ngeyure, iimpiko zazo zinobude obuziimitha ezisisi-1,8 ukusa kwisi-2,4—kodwa ukuba amehlo azo abukhali abona intlanzi ekumgama oziikhilomitha ezisisi-1,5, zinokuziphosa kuyo ngesantya esiziikhilomitha ezingama-160 zize ziyithi xhwi!
Noko ke, ukuze zifumane itheko lesidlo sazo kuMlambo iChilkat, obo buchule butsala amehlo bokubhabha abuyomfuneko. Ukutya kwazo okuluhlobo oluthile lweentlanzi ekuthiwa ziisalmon akuyi ndawo. Ezi ntlanzi ziyintabalala phambi kwazo, zilindele nje ukutyiwa. Yonke le mibhiyozo ziyilungiselelwa yiAlaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve, eyasekwa ngowe-1982 lilizwe laseAlaska “ukuze ikhusele ize ilondoloze ezona nkozi zininzi ehlabathini ekuthiwa ziiBald Eagles kunye nendawo ezihlala kuyo ebalulekileyo.”
Lo mzi wokuzilondoloza ugubungela umhlaba oziihektare ezili-19 000 zomhlaba ophezu koMlambo iChilkat, iKlehini neTsirku, yaye kubandakanywe kuphela imimandla ebalulekileyo ezihlala kuyo iinkozi. Ummandla okhethekileyo apho amawaka eenkozi eba yinyambalala khona nalapho iindwendwe zithontelana khona ukuze zizibone ukumgama oziikhilomitha ezisibhozo ukuhla ngoMlambo iChilkat okumda weHaines Highway, phakathi kweHaines neKlukwan.
Iphecana laseburhulumenteni elinomxholo othi “Alaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve” lisixelela isizathu sokuba lo mmandla womlambo oziikhilomitha ezisibhozo ukwazi ukondla iinkozi ngeesalmon ezisandul’ ukuzalwa.
“Isiganeko semvelo esibangela kubekho ummandla oziimayile ezintlanu [iikhilomitha ezisibhozo] wamanzi angengomkhence kuMlambo iChilkat ebudeni beenyanga ezibandayo sibizwa ngokuba ‘yintili emile okwefeni.’ Ifeni yeTsirku, eyimfumba yohlalutye, amatye, isanti kunye namaqhekeza omkhence amile njengefeni, apho kudibana uMlambo iTsirku, iKlehini neChilkat isebenza njengedama elikhulu lamanzi.”
Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa umlambo uqukuqelela kwenye indawo enamanzi amaninzi uye utyekeze intlenga uze wenze intili, kodwa akukho dama lamanzi liseleyo ngasemva. Noko ke, apho uMlambo iTsirku ungenelela kuMlambo iChilkat khona, iintanda ezisemhlabeni nokuhamba komkhence zibangele ukuba kuvuleke isidibi esikhulu esinobunzulu obungaphezu kweemitha ezingama-230 ngaphantsi kokuphakama kolwandle. Xa kwanyibilika umkhence, ngasemva kwasala intlenga, yaye imilambo yaba nesanti nohlalutye olungakumbi de ekugqibeleni eso sidibi saba nentlenga eludaka, eziimitha ezingama-230 ukuphakama ehleli phezu kolwalwa.
Le ngxelo ibonisa ukuba ebudeni bobushushu bentwasahlobo, ihlobo nokwindla, amanzi ebelikhephu kunye nomkhence onyibilikileyo ahamba aye kutsho kule ntili imile okwefeni. Le feni ingenisa amanzi amaninzi gqitha kunalawo inokuwadlulisa, ngaloo ndlela igcina amanzi amaninzi. Eli phecana lomzi wokulondoloza iinkozi lihlabela mgama lisithi: “Xa kufika ubusika, imozulu ebandayo iyaqalisa aze amanzi akufutshane abe ngumkhence. Noko ke, amanzi akweli dama likhulu ahlala enobushushu obungaphezulu ngamaqondo ali-10 ukusa kwangama-20 ngokukaFahrenheit [ama-5 ukusa kwali-10 ngokukaCelsius] kunamanye amanzi akufutshane. La manzi afudumeleyo ‘angena’ kuMlambo iChilkat aze awenze ungabi ngumkhence.
“Iintlobo ezintlanu zee-salmon zizalela kule okanye kweminye imisinga nemingenela ekude kufuphi. Ii-salmon ziqalisa ukuqokelelana zize zifuduke ehlotyeni kude kuse ngasekupheleni kokwindla okanye ekuqaleni kobusika. Kamsinya nje emva kokuzala kwazo ii-salmon ziyafa yaye izidumbu zazo ziba kukutya okuninzi kweenkozi.”
Imigidi ekutyiwa kuyo iisalmon iqala ngo-Oktobha ize iphele ngoFebruwari, yaye kungekudala emva koko amawaka eenkozi aqalisa ukusasazeka kulo lonke ilizwe. Noko ke, lo mzi wokulondoloza iinkozi uba likhaya leenkozi eziphakathi kwama-200 nama-400 unyaka wonke. Ukongezelela kwiintlanzi ezinokuzibamba, okunye ukutya kwazo okuqhelekileyo ziintaka ezihlala emanzini, izilwanyana ezincinane ezanyisayo nezinto ezifileyo.
Ukuthandana Okubangel’ Umdla, “Nemitshato” Ehlala Ihleli
Zitshata ubomi bazo bonke—zinokuphila iminyaka engama-40—kodwa zihlala kunye ngexesha lokwakha indlwana kuphela. Izimbo zazo zokuthandana ziqalisa ngoAprili yaye ngokutsho kwencwadi ethi Eagles—The Alaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve “zenza izinto ezibukekayo ezibonisa ukuthandana zibhabha zidibanise iinzipho yaye zisenza uqulukubhode emoyeni.” Ngaba zenza yonke loo nto kwaye zibambene ngezandla? Oko kukubonakalisa uthando ngokungalawulekiyo!
Kuye kwabonwa iindlwana ezingama-94 kulo mzi wokulondoloza iinkozi. Iqanda elinye ukusa kwamathathu aqanduselwa phakathi kwasekupheleni kukaMeyi nasekuqaleni kukaJuni, emva kokuba efukanywe iintsuku ezingama-34 okanye ezingama-35. Amantshontsho aphuma kwindlwana ngoSeptemba, kodwa amele abe neentsiba ezimdaka ngebala ezinamachokoza amhlophe ezikhule ngokwaneleyo. Akabi nazo iintsiba ezintle ezimhlophe entloko nasemisileni yawo de abe neminyaka emine okanye emihlanu ubudala!
Le ncwadi ikwasinika ingcombolo ngomzabalazo wokusindisa iinkozi ekutshatyalalisweni namacebiso endlela iindwendwe ezingakunandipha ngokukhuselekileyo ngayo ukuba kulo mzi wokulondoloza iinkozi:
“IAlaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve inomhlaba ozii-acres ezingama-48 000 [iihektare ezili-19 000] ogcinelwe ukukhusela ezi nkozi. Kodwa iinkozi bezingakhuselekanga ngalo lonke ixesha; bezikhe zangawona maxhoba ahlelelekileyo kubazingeli abafumana intlawulo ngokutshabalalisa izilwanyana ezithile. Ngowe-1917 iAlaska Territorial Legislature yathembisa ngokuhlawula umntu obulele ukhozi, kuba kusithiwa luthanda ukutya ii-salmon eziphilayo nezilwanyana ezincinane. Ababesakuba ngamajoni kwiFt. William H. Seward eHaines babalisa amabali angendlela ababesongezelela ngayo kumvuzo wabo owawumncinane waseMkhosini ngedola enye (eyathi kamva yanyuswa yaba ziidola ezimbini) eyayihlawulwa ngalo lonke ixesha besiza neenzipho ezimbini zokhozi.
“Kamva uphando lwabonisa ukuba ubungozi beenkozi kwii-salmon babubaxiwe, yaye ukuhlawulwa ngenxa yokubulala ukhozi kwapheliswa ngowe-1953. Ngelo xesha, kwakusekudutyulwe iinkozi ezingaphezu kwezili-128 000 ukuze kufunyanwe intlawulo. Ebudeni beminyaka yee-1940, ngexesha kwakusasebenza isithembiso sokuhlawulwa xa ubulele ukhozi, inani leenkozi kuMzantsi-mpuma weAlaska lalithelekelelwa kwisiqingatha senani leenkozi ezazikho ngeminyaka yee-1970.
“Xa iAlaska yaba lilizwe ngowe-1959, iinkozi zaseAlaska zaba phantsi kokhuselo lomthetho weBald Eagle Act yowe-1940. Ukubulala ukhozi kukwaphulwa komthetho welizwe, yaye ukuba neenkozi eziphilileyo okanye ezifileyo okanye nawaphi na amalungu azo (kuquka neentsiba!) akukho mthethweni, ngaphandle kwakwiimeko ezithile ezikhethekileyo.
“Ngowe-1972 iAlaska State Legislature yaseka iChilkat River Critical Habitat Area, eyayilawulwa yiAlaska Department of Fish and Game, ukuze iqiniseke ngokukhuseleka kwezona nkozi zininzi. Imimandla emininzi ehlala iinkozi yahlala ingakhuselekanga, yaye ngokufuthi bekusiliwa idabi elingapheliyo nelibi eliphakathi kwabalondolozi bemeko-bume kunye nabaxhasi bophuhliso ngokusetyenziswa komhlaba okwiNtlambo yeChilkat. Ngemva kohlolisiso olunzulu olwenziwa yiNational Audubon Society kunye neHaines/Klukwan Resource Study exhaswa ngurhulumente ngeemali, abasarhi bemithi, abalobi, abalondolozi bemeko-bume, oosomashishini nabezobupolitika basekuhlaleni ekugqibeleni bafikelela kwisivumelwano. Ngowe-1982 indlu yowiso-mthetho yenza eso sivumelwano saba ngumthetho wokuba kwenziwe iAlaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve enomhlaba ozii-acres ezingama-48 000 [iihektare ezili-19 000].
“Ukusarha imithi okanye ukumba imigodi akuvunyelwanga kulo mzi wokuLondoloza iinkozi, kodwa loo mhlaba unokuqhubeka usetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, njengokukha amaqunube, ukuloba iintlanzi nokuzingela. Lo mzi wokuLondoloza iinkozi uphantsi kolawulo lweAlaska Division of Parks incediswa liqumrhu labacebisi elinamalungu ali-12 eliyilwe ngabahlali, amagosa aseburhulumenteni, kunye nesazi ngebhayoloji.
“Into yokuba ubuncwane bendalo bale ntlambo bunokusetyenziswa njani ngaphandle kokonakalisa imeko-bume kusengumbuzo ongekaphendulwa, yaye iimbambano ezingokusetyenziswa komhlaba zinokuvusa iingxwabangxwaba kule Ntlambo yeChilkat. Kodwa abahlali bayazidla ngokuba baye bazifumanela isicombululo sokukhusela iinkozi.”
Indawo eyintloko yeendwendwe yokubona ezi nkozi ingakwiHaines Highway, engqamene noMlambo iChilkat, yaye kukho iindawo eziphakamileyo ezilungiselelwe le njongo.
[Imaphu ekwiphepha 15]
(Ukuba ufuna inkcazelo ehlahlelwe kakuhle, yiya kwimpapasho)
Chilkat River Chilkoot River
Klehini River KLUKWAN
Indawo Yokubona Iinkozi
(intili emile okwefeni)
▴
▴
Haines Highway
Tsirku River ▾ Chilkoot Lake
Chilkat Lake ▾
Chilkat River ▾ Lutak Inlet
Takhin River ▾
HAINES
[Inkcazelo]
Mountain High Maps™ copyright © 1993 Digital Wisdom, Inc.
[Inkcazelo Ngomfanekiso okwiphepha 15]
Bald eagles on pages 15-18: Alaska Division of Tourism