Ngaba Amahlathi Ethu Ashinyeneyo Aya Kusinda?
EKUQALENI kwale nkulungwane, ipassenger pigeon yaseMntla Merika yaphela. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ibiyeyona ntaka ibixhaphakile eyakha yaphila. Iinzululwazi ngeentaka ziye zabala ukuba kwiinkulungwane ezimbini ngaphambili ezi ntaka beziphakathi kwezigidi ezingamawaka amahlanu nezigidi ezingamawaka alishumi!
Noko ke, kwiminyaka nje elikhulu, iye yabonakala iphela indlela yokufumana inyama yentaka engapheliyo nenexabiso eliphantsi nto leyo eye yabizwa ngokuba “kokona kuphela [kwezinto eziphilayo] okukhawulezileyo okuye kwabakho.” Ilitye elisisikhumbuzo sepassenger pigeon eWyalusing State Park, eWisconsin, eUnited States, lifundeka ngolu hlobo: “Le ntaka yatshitsha ngenxa yokunyoluka nokungabi nolwazelelelo komntu.”
Umphumo wepassenger pigeon usikhumbuza ukuba kwanezona zidalwa zomhlaba zande kakhulu zinokwenzakaliswa kukuhlaselwa ngumntu. Ukunyoluka kwanokungabi nolwazelelelo kuseyinto eyanda kakhulu. Yaye namhlanje asilohlobo lunye nje lwesidalwa kodwa yindalo yonke esengozini. Ukuba amahlathi ashinyeneyo ayanyamalala, zonke izidalwa ezihlala kuwo—malunga nesiqingatha sezidalwa zesijikelezi-langa—ziya kunyamalala kunye nawo. Izazinzulu zithi isihelegu esinjalo siya kuba “yeyona ntlekele inkulu yebhayoloji eyakhe [yenziwa] ngumntu.”
Liyinyaniso elokuba, sinolwazi olungakumbi ngemekobume kunenkulungwane eyadlulayo. Kodwa oku kuqonda akwanelanga ukuthintela intshabalaliso enkulu ngolu hlobo. Isazi ngezityalo uManuel Fidalgo ukhalaza esithi: “Sitshabalalisa into exabiseke kakhulu yaye asinaxesha lingako liseleyo. Ndoyikisela ukuba kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, awona mahlathi aseleyo angachukunyiswanga aya kuba ngalawo asemathambekeni eentaba ekungenakufikelelwa kuwo ngabagawuli.”
Izazi ngezemvelo zixhalabile kuba amahlathi ashinyeneyo kunzima ukuphinda ahlume. Incwadi ethi The Emerald Realm: Earth’s Precious Rain Forests icacisa ngeliphandle ngokuhlaziywa kwamahlathi ngokuthi “yeyona ndlela icothayo nebiza imali eninzi, . . . eyona nto yokugqibela enokwenziwa ngokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi.” Phantsi kweemeko ezintle, imbalwa kakhulu imithi yakweleenjiko mhlawumbi enokuphinda ityalwe, yaye imithi emincinane iya kufuna ingqalelo ethe rhoqo ukuyikhusela ingaminxwa lukhula.
Enoba ihlathi liya kuphinda libe lihle ngendlela ebeliyiyo ngaphambili kuya kuxhomekeka ekubeni likufuphi kangakanani kumahlathi ashinyeneyo angaphazanyiswanga. Kuphela ngamahlathi akufuphi anokuhlaziywa aze ekugqibeleni abe yindawo enamawaka ezidalwa ayila amahlathi ashinyeneyo okwenene. Sekunjalo, oku kuya kuthabatha iinkulungwane. Kwaneendawo ezashiywa iminyaka emininzi ngaphambili xa impucuko yaseMayan yawohlokayo nangoku azikahlumi ngokupheleleyo.
“Intsebenziswano Entsha Yamazwe Ngamazwe”?
Esinye isazinzulu eSmithsonian Institution, eWashington, D.C., siye sacebisa ukuba i-10 ekhulwini lamahlathi ashinyeneyo akhoyo agcinelwe izizukulwana, ukugcina izidalwa ezininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Okwangoku malunga nesi-8 ekhulwini akhuselekile, kodwa uninzi lwezi paki zokulondoloza izidalwa nezamazwe ngamazwe ziipaki nje ngegama, ekubeni kungekho mali okanye umntu ozikhuselayo. Ngokucacileyo, kukho into engakumbi efanele yenziwe.
UPeter Raven, unozakuzaku wokukhuselwa kwamahlathi ashinyeneyo, ucacisa esithi: “Imigudu yokusindisa amahlathi ashinyeneyo ifuna intsebenziswano entsha yamazwe ngamazwe, ukuqonda ukuba abantu kuyo yonke indawo banendima kwikamva lomhlaba. Kufanele kufunyanwe iindlela zokunciphisa ubuhlwempu nendlala ehlabathini lonke. Kufanele kubekho izivumelwano ezintsha phakathi kweentlanga.”
Icebiso lakhe livakala lisengqiqweni kubantu abaninzi. Ukusindisa amahlathi ashinyeneyo kufuna isicombululo somhlaba wonke—njengokuba kukwanjalo nakwiingxaki ezijamelene noluntu. Ingxaki ikukufumana “izivumelwano phakathi kweentlanga” ngaphambi kokuba kubekho intlekele kumhlaba wonke kwanangaphambi kokuba umonakalo owenziweyo ungabi nakulungiseka. Njengokuba uPeter Raven esitsho, ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi ashinyeneyo kunxulumene nezinye iingxaki ezingacombululeki msinyane kumazwe asakhasayo, njengendlala nobuhlwempu.
Okwangoku, imigudu yamazwe ngamazwe yokucombulula iingxaki ezinjalo iye ayaphumelela kangako. Bambi abantu bayabuza, Ngaba ngenye imini izizwe ziya kuze ziyoyise iminqweno engephi nengquzulanayo ngenxa nje yokuphumeza oko kulungele uluntu, okanye ukufuna “intsebenziswano entsha yamazwe ngamazwe” kuliphupha nje?
Imbali ayibonakali inika ithemba. Sekunjalo, ngokufuthi omnye uthunywashe uyatyeshelwa—imbono yoMdali wamahlathi ashinyeneyo. UNjingalwazi uEdward O. Wilson waseHarvard uthi: “Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuba sitshabalalisa inxalenye yeNdalo, ngoko sihlutha zonke izizukulwana zexesha elizayo oko thina ngokwethu esiye sakunikwa njengelifa.”
Ngaba uMdali womhlaba uya kuvumela uluntu lutshabalalise umsebenzi wezandla zakhe ngokupheleleyo? Akunakuba njalo.a Kunoko, iBhayibhile ixela kwangaphambili ukuba uThixo uya “konakalisa abo bawonakalisayo umhlaba.” (ISityhilelo 11:18) Uya kusifeza njani uThixo esi sicombululo? Uthembisa ngokumisela uBukumkani—urhulumente wenkqubo yasezulwini—obuya kucombulula zonke iingxaki zomhlaba yaye ‘buya kuma ngonaphakade.’—Daniyeli 2:44.
UBukumkani bukaThixo abuyi kuphelisa ukuxhatshazwa kwesijikelezi-langa ngumntu kuphela kodwa kwakhona buya kongamela ekubuyiseleni ubuhle bokwemvelo bomhlaba. Ekugqibeleni umhlaba wonke uya kuba yipaki yomhlaba wonke, njengokuba uMdali wethu waceba njalo ekuqaleni. (Genesis 1:28; 2:15; Luka 23:42, 43) Abantu kuyo yonke indawo baya “kuba ngabafundi bakaYehova,” yaye baya kufunda ukuthanda nokuxabisa yonke indalo yakhe, kuquka namahlathi ashinyeneyo.—Isaya 54:13.
Echaza elo xesha lisikelelekileyo, umdumisi wabhala: “Liya kudlamka ilizwe, nento yonke ekulo, ize imemelele yonke imithi yehlathi phambi koYehova, ngokuba esiza, ngokuba esiza kugweba ihlabathi. Uya kuligweba elimiweyo ngobulungisa nezizwe ngokunyanisa kwakhe.”—INdumiso 96:12, 13.
Okuvuyisayo kukuba, ikamva lamahlathi ashinyeneyo alixhomekekanga kwinkathalo—okanye ekunyolukeni—yomntu. IBhayibhile isinika isizathu sokuba nethemba lokuba uMdali ngokwakhe uya kungenelela ekusindiseni amahlathi ethu akweleenjiko. Kwihlabathi likaThixo elitsha alithembisileyo, izizukulwana zexesha elizayo ziya kubona uzuko lwakhe olukumahlathi ashinyeneyo.—ISityhilelo 21:1-4.
[Umbhalo osemazantsi]
a Okubangela umdla kukuba, abalondolozi bendalo abanenjongo yokusindisa izidalwa ezisengozini kangangoko kunokwenzeka bayibiza inkqubo yabo ngokuthi “ngumgaqo kaNowa,” ekubeni uNowa wayalelwa ukuba afake emkhombeni “zonke eziphilileyo, kwinyama yonke.” (Genesis 6:19) Isazi ngebhayoloji uDavid Ehrenfeld uthi: “Isibakala sokuba indalo inexesha elide ikho sifanele sihambisane nelungelo layo elingenakwahluthwa [lwezidalwa] lokuqhubeka iphila.”