Unyango Ngaphandle Kwegazi—Oko Zikuthethayo Iingcali

NGUMBHALELI KAVUKANI! ENORWAY

“NOKUBA ndingayilibala yonke enye into ibikule ngqungquthela, andinakuze ndiwulibale umboniso wenu.” Wahlomla watsho ugqirha owayeye kwiNgqungquthela yama-25 yoMbutho Wezizwe Ngezizwe Wotofelo-gazi eyayiqhutyelwa eOslo, eNorway kubusika obudluleyo (ngoJuni 27 ukusa kuJulayi 2, 1998). Wayetyelele umboniso owawenziwe ngamaNgqina kaYehova abenzi bemiboniso abavunyiweyo.a

Babengaphezu kwe-1 700 oogqirha ababevela kumazwe angama-83 ababezimase le ngqungquthela. Kwakukho abameli abaninzi beendawo zokugcina igazi, kodwa zazikho neengcali zokusebenza kwegazi, ezotyando nezokuthomalalisa iintlungu. Yiyiphi inkcazelo ekwakusabelwana ngayo zezi ngcali kuloo ntlanganiso ibalulekileyo? Yintoni le amaNgqina kaYehova ayebonisa ngayo, yaye afumana intsabelo enjani kwezo ndwendwe?

Iindlela Zonyango Ngaphandle Kwegazi

Phakathi kwezona zinto zaziphambili yayilutofelo-gazi, ukuxilongwa kwegazi neendlela zokunyanga ngaphandle kwegazi. UGqr. C. V. Prowse, weScottish National Blood Transfusion Service, wathetha “Ngeendlela Zokunyanga Ngaphandle Kwegazi Nemithombo Yegazi.” Wakhankanya imixube eyahlukahlukeneyo (synthetic) enokwandisa iiseli zegazi ngokuvuselela amalungu omzimba avelisa ezi seli. Ngokomzekelo, ierythropoietin iveliswa zizintso ize ikhawulezise ukubunjwa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Kodwa oku ngoku kunokuveliswa kumzi wokwenza amachiza. UGqr. Prowse wathi umxube “we-erythropoietin waziwa ngokubanzi njengonyango lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeanaemia.”

Kuye kwaveliswa elinye ichiza ukuze lincedise umzimba uvelise izinto ezijiyisa igazi emzimbeni. UGqr. Prowse wathi: “Okufunyaniswe kutshanje kulo mbandela ziindlela zokuvelisa izinto zokujiyisa igazi. I-Interleukin 11 sele ivunywe ngokusemthethweni ngenxa yokwandisa kwayo izinto zokujiyisa igazi . . . , yaye kukhangeleka ngathi sekumbovu nangethrombopoietin nehomolog yayo, eyirh-PEG-MGDF.”

UGqr. Prowse wakhankanya nemixube yokujiyisa igazi (iplasma proteins) engqineke iluncedo ekopheni esithi: “Imixube efanayo yezinto ezijiyisa igazi iye yavunywa ngokusemthethweni, yaye kwezinye iimeko yamkelwa njengolona nyango lunconyelwayo ngokuphathelele iintsholongwane ezosulelayo ezigqithiselwa ligazi.” UGqr. Prowse walek’ umsundulo esithi “ngoku kuveliswa izinto ezingakumbi zokujiyisa igazi.”

UN. S. Faithfull, olilungu lombutho omanyeneyo wokwenza amayeza wanikela ingxelo ngemixube yeperfluorocarbon (PFC). Eminye imixube enjalo inokuthutha ioksijini kwinkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi. Eyayenziwe kuqala kule michiza ayizange yanelise njengegazi “elenziweyo.” Ngaba ikho inkqubela eye yenziwa? Lo kaFaithfull wathi: “Kwiminyaka embalwa edluleyo, ubugcisa obungakumbi bokwenziwa kwePFC buye bahambela phambili yaye kwenziwe uvavanyo lwezamayeza kusetyenziswa imixube [emibini yesibini] yePFC.” Wanikela ingxelo ngolunye uvavanyo kumalinge aye abandakanya abaguli abangama-256 ngokuphathelele utyando lwamathambo, lwamalungu enzala amabhinqa, okanye utyando lwesinyi—iinkqubo ezisoloko zibangela ukopha kakhulu. Ube yintoni umphumo? “Ingxelo kuloo malinge omabini ibonise ukuba iOxygent iphawuleka iyeyona ibhetele kunegazi ekupheliseni ezi trigger [itrigger yeyokubonisa xa kufanele kutofelwe igazi] yaye iitrigger azizange zisetyenziswe ixesha elide njengaxa kutofelwa igazi.”

Kule ngqungquthela kwatsho kwaviwa nento yokuba amasuntswana ePFC akulo mxube “mancinane kakhulu . . . , ngokuphindwe kangangezihlandlo ezingama-40 kune-RBC [red blood cell (iseli ebomvu yegazi)]. Lo mlinganiselo mncinane kangaka unokwenza amasuntswana ePFC atyhutyhe imithambo de afikelele nalapho kungekho ziRBC zinokufikelela.” Oku kubonakala kuza kuba luncedo kwimeko yezihlunu ezithile ezonakaliswe kukungafumani gazi.

Ugqirha waseBritani wabethelela nemfuneko yokongiwa kwegazi xa kusenziwa utyando. Wacebisa oko ngenxa yokunqongophala kwegazi nangenxa yeengozi ezibangelwa lutofelo-gazi. Ukuzekelisa indlela ekungancitshiswa ngayo ukusetyenziswa kwegazi, wachaza ngogqirha othile osebenzise igazi kuphela izihlandlo ezili-10 ekhulwini kutyando lwenyonga aye walwenza kutshanje. Kwakwesi sibhedlele abanye oogqirha baye basebenzisa igazi kwizihlandlo ezingama-70 ekhulwini kutyando lwenyonga.

AmaNgqina KaYehova Amelwe

Inkcazelo ephathelele ezo ndlela zininzi zokunyanga ngaphandle kwegazi yayifumaneka kumboniso wamaNgqina kaYehova. Omnye umbhalo osebhodini wabonisa ukuba kwihlabathi lonke ngoku sele kukho iindawo ezili-120 ezinyanga ngaphandle kwegazi, kwakunye neenkcazelo ezishicilelweyo ezicatshulwe kumanqaku ezonyango amalunga ne-1 000. Le nkcazelo yadluliselwa ukuze kuboniswe iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuphepha utofelo-gazi—ubugcisa obusenokusetyenziswa ngaphambili, ebudeni nasemva kotyando.

Intsabelo yaba ntle ngeyona ndlela. Ebudeni baloo ngqungquthela amaNgqina awayekulo mboniso adlan’ iindlebe noogqirha abangaphezu kwama-480—uninzi lwabo olwaphinda lwabuya luze kufuna inkcazelo engakumbi, yaye lusiza noogxa balo. Unjingalwazi wokuthomalalisa iintlungu nowotyando waseKhalifoniya wathi: “Oku kubangel’ umdla.” Unjingalwazi waseJamani wathi: “Ndinokuyisebenzisa le nkcazelo ekufundiseni abafundi bam.” Ugqirha owayemele elona ziko likhulu lokugcina igazi eTshayina wathi: “Siyifuna ngeyona ndlela inkcazelo efana nale ngenxa yokunqongophala kwegazi.”

Kusuku olulandelayo emva kokufumana umbhalo oshicilelweyo, intloko yeziko lokugcina igazi kwisibhedlele saseNorway yabuya yaza yathi: “Ndingafumana eminye emibini okanye emithathu? Ndiza kuyinika oogqirha abenza utyando nabathomalalisa iintlungu yaye ndiza kubaxelela ukuba basebenzise ezi ndlela ukuze banciphise okanye bakuphephe ukusebenzisa igazi xa besenza utyando.” Omnye ugqirha wathi: “Lo ngowona mboniso ubangela umdla kule ngqungquthela.”

AmaNgqina kaYehova ebesoloko ezizinxadanxada ehlabathini lonke enceda abantu ukuze bafumane oogqirha abakwaziyo nabaza kubanyanga ngaphandle kokubatofela igazi. AmaNgqina aye enza kwafumaneka inkcazelo yakutshanje engeendlela zokunyanga ngaphandle kokusebenzisa igazi. Kule ngqungquthela, amakhulu oogqirha, kuquka abotyando kwanabanye abasebenzi bezonyango abavela kumazwe amaninzi, bavakalisa umdla wabo ngale nkcazelo. Oku kumele kube nomphumo omhle njengoko abathile bezimisele ukusebenzisa iindlela ezininzi kwaneemveliso ezenza utofelo-gazi lungabi yomfuneko.

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]