Phila Ixesha Elide Yaye Uzive Usempilweni

KHAWUBE nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wokuba ubomi bomntu bulugqatso olude lweembaleki olunemiqobo—apho iimbaleki zifanele zihambe zitsiba. Zonke iimbaleki ziqalisa ugqatso kunye; kodwa njengoko zitsiba zize ngamanye amaxesha zigile le miqobo, ezi mbaleki zithoba isantya, yaye ezingakumbi ziyayeka ukubaleka.

Ngokufanayo, ubomi bomntu bunesiqalo nemiqobo emikhulu endleleni. Ebudeni bobomi bakhe umntu ujamelana neengxaki ezinkulu enye emva kwenye. Sihlandlo ngasinye ejamelana nengxaki ethile uba buthathaka, yaye ekuhambeni kwexesha, uyanikezela. Okukhona iingxaki zisiba nkulu, kokukhona enikezela msinya, okanye afe. Ukuba ubani uhlala kwilizwe elihambele phambili, unikezela xa eneminyaka enokuba ngama-75 ubudala. Eli xesha libizwa ngokuba ngumlinganiselo wobude bobomi bomntu—elithelekiswa nomgama obalekwa yinkoliso yeembaleki.a (Thelekisa INdumiso 90:10.) Noko ke, abanye abantu, babaleka nangaphezulu koko, yaye abambalwa bade bafikelele koko kucingwa ukuba bobona bude bobomi bomntu, iminyaka eli-115 ukusa kwi-120—into engaqhelekanga kangangokuba iba ngundaba-mlonyeni.

Ukubona Imiqobo

Ngoku abantu basenokuhlala bekolu gqatso phantse ixesha elide ngokuphindwe kabini kunasekuqaleni kwale nkulungwane. Ngoba? Ngokuyintloko kuba umntu uye wakwazi ukunciphisa imiqobo. Phofu ke, yiyiphi le miqobo? Yaye ngaba inokuncitshiswa nangakumbi?

Ingcali yezempilo kawonke-wonke yeWorld Health Organization (WHO) yacacisa ukuba eminye yemiqobo eyintloko, okanye oothunywashe, abachaphazela ubudala obulindelekileyo ebomini bomntu yimikhwa, imekobume nenyameko yezonyango.b Ngenxa yoko, okukhona imikhwa yakho imihle, okukhona imeko-bume yakho isempilweni, yaye okukhona ufumana unyango lwamayeza olubhetele, okukhona imiqobo iya kuncipha kokukhona uya kuphila ixesha elide. Nangona iimeko zabantu zisahluka kakhulu, phantse bonke abantu—ukususela kumalathisi webhanki waseSydney ukusa kumthengisi ezitratweni zaseSão Paulo—kukho abanokukwenza ukunciphisa imiqobo kubomi babo. Njani?

Imikhwa Echaphazela Indlela Oza Kuqhuba Ngayo

IThe New England Journal of Medicine ithi: “Abantu abanemikhwa esempilweni abaphili ixesha elide nje kuphela, kodwa abantu abanjalo, bathabatha ixesha elide ukuba yimilwelwe yaye oku kwenzeka kwiminyaka yabo yokugqibela embalwa ngaphambi kokuba bafe.” Eneneni, umqobo wokuqala unokuncitshiswa ngokutshintsha imikhwa enjengokutya, ukusela, ukulala, ukutshaya nokwenza umthambo. Ngokomzekelo, imikhwa yokwenza umthambo.

Imikhwa yokwenza umthambo womzimba. Ukwenza umthambo womzimba ngobungcathu kungaba yingenelo. (Bona ibhokisi ethi “Luhlobo Luni Lomthambo Yaye Ukwenza Ixesha Elingakanani?”) Uhlolisiso lubonisa ukuba ukwenza umthambo nje olula phakathi nangaphandle kwekhaya kuyabanceda abakhulileyo, kuquka ‘nabona bakhulileyo,’ baphinde babe namandla baze bomelele. Ngokomzekelo, elinye iqela labantu abakhulileyo abasusela kwiminyaka engama-72 ukusa kwengama-98 ubudala lifumanise ukuba lingahamba ngokukhawuleza lize likhwele izinyuko ngokulula ngakumbi emva kokuba lenze umthambo wokuphakamisa iintsimbi iiveki nje ezilishumi. Yaye akumangalisi oko! Uhlolisiso oluthatyathwe emva kwenkqubo yomthambo lubonise ukuba amandla emisipha yabo baye benza umthambo aye anda ngokuphindwe kabini. Elinye iqela lamabhinqa inkoliso yawo ehleli ekhaya neneminyaka enokuba ngama-70 ubudala, lenza umthambo kabini ngeveki. Emva konyaka, liye lanezihlunu ezingakumbi, kwakunye namandla, ukulungelelana namathambo omelela. Ingcali ngokusebenza kwamalungu omzimba uMiriam Nelson, owenza olu hlolisiso wathi: “Xa sasiqala, sasisoyika ukuba kuza kwenzakala amalungu omzimba, kuqhawuke imisipha, kukrazuke izihlunu. Kodwa kuphela into eyenzekileyo kukuba abantu baba namandla baze baba sempilweni ngakumbi.”

Ishwankathela imiphumo yohlolisiso lwenzululwazi ngokwaluphala nokwenza umthambo, enye incwadi ithi: “Ukwenza umthambo kubambezela inkqubo yokwaluphala, kwandise ixesha lokuphila, kwaye kunciphisa amathuba okuxhomekeka emntwini ngokufuthi afika ngaphambi kokufa komntu.”

Imikhwa yokusebenzisa ingqondo. Iqhalo elithi “yisebenzise okanye ulahlekane nayo” libonakala libhekisela kungekuphela kwizihlunu kodwa nakwingqondo. Nangona ukwaluphala kuhambisana nokulibala, uhlolisiso olwenziwa yiU.S. National Institute on Aging lubonisa ukuba ubuchopho bomntu okhulileyo buhlala bukulungele ngokwaneleyo ukusingatha imiphumo yokwaluphala. Ngenxa yoko, unjingalwazi wemithambo-luvo uGqr. Antonio R. Damasio uqukumbela esithi: “Abantu abakhulileyo banokuqhubeka bephila kakuhle yaye bephaphile engqondweni.” Yintoni ebangela ukuba ubuchopho bomntu okhulileyo buqhubeke buphaphile?

Ubuchopho buyilwe ziiseli zobuchopho ezingamawaka ezigidi ali-100, okanye iineuron nezigidi zezigidi zemixokomezelo phakathi kwazo. Le mixokomezelo isebenza ngendlela efanayo neengcingo zomnxeba ngokuthi yenze iineuron “zithethe” kunye ukuze zidale, phakathi kwezinye izinto, inkumbulo. Njengoko ubuchopho busaluphala, iineuron ziyafa. (Bona ibhokisi ethi “Ukuhlolwa Ngokutsha Kweeseli Zobuchopho.”) Sekunjalo, ubuchopho bomntu okhulileyo buyakwazi ukuthabathel’ indawo iineuron ezifileyo. Nanini na ineuron isifa, ezinye ezikufuphi kuyo zenza olunye unxibelelwano nezinye iineuron zize ziwuthabathele kuzo umsebenzi weneuron efileyo. Ngaloo ndlela, ubuchopho budlulisela imbopheleleko yomsebenzi othile ukusuka kwenye indawo ukusa kwenye. Ngoko ke, abantu abaninzi abakhulileyo benza umsebenzi ofanayo wengqondo njengabantu abaselula, kodwa basenokusebenzisa iinxalenye ezahlukahlukeneyo zobuchopho ukuze benjenjalo. Ngeendlela ezithile, ubuchopho bomntu okhulileyo benza izinto njengomdlali wentenetya okhulileyo othi ngoxa edlala ngesantya sakhe esinciphileyo asebenzise ubuchule osenokuba umdlali oselula akanabo. Sekunjalo, phezu kwako nje ukusebenzisa ubuchule obahlukileyo kunabo banganeno kuye ngeminyaka, umdlali okhulileyo usafumana amanqaku.

Abantu abakhulileyo banokwenza ntoni ukuze baqhubeke befumana amanqaku? Emva kokwenza uhlolisiso kubantu abangaphezu kwe-1 000 abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-70 nama-80 ubudala, umphengululi wenzululwazi ngokwaluphala kwabantu uGqr. Marilyn Albert wafumanisa ukuba ukwenza into eza kusebenzisa ingqondo yenye yeenkalo ezibonisa ukuba ngabaphi abantu abakhulileyo abakwaziyo ukuhlala bebukhali. (Bona ibhokisi ethi “Ukuzigcina Uphaphile Engqondweni.”) Ukusebenzisa ingqondo kugcina ‘iingcingo zomnxeba’ ziphila. Kwelinye icala, iingcali zithi, ukufiphala kwengqondo kuqala “xa abantu bethabatha umhlala-phantsi, begqiba kwelokuba bangazikhathazi kangako ngezinto, baze bangaboni mfuneko yakuzigcina behambisana nezinto ezenzekayo ehlabathini.”—Inside the Brain.

Ngoko ingcali ngokwaluphala kwabantu uGqr. Jack Rowe icacisa isithi, iindaba ezimnandi zikukuba “izinto esikwaziyo ukuzilawula okanye esingaziphucula zifanele zandise amathuba okuphumelela ekwaluphaleni.” Ngaphezu koko, awusokuze ushiywe lixesha ekuqaliseni imikhwa emihle. Omnye umphengululi uthi: “Kwanokuba ubungenampilo intle phantse bonke ubomi bakho uze utshintshe ebudaleni bakho, ufanele uvune ubuncinane eminye yemivuzo yobomi obusempilweni.”

Imeko-bume Yenza Umahluko

Ukuba intombazana ezalwa namhlanje eLondon ibingabuyiselwa emva kwiLondon yamaXesha Aphakathi, iminyaka ekulindeleke ukuba iyiphile ibiya kuba ngaphantsi kwesisiqingatha enokuyiphila namhlanje. Umahluko ubuya kubangelwa, kungekhona ziinguqulelo ezikhawulezileyo zasemzimbeni zaloo ntombazana, kodwa kunoko kukuguquka ngokukhawuleza kwemiqobo emibini engakumbi—imeko-bume nenyameko yezonyango. Okokuqala, cinga ngemeko-bume.

Imeko-bume yendawo yokuhlala. Ngaphambili, imeko-bume yendawo yokuhlala yomntu—ngokomzekelo, ikhaya lakhe—yayiyindawo eyingozi gqitha. Noko ke, ebudeni beminyaka yakutshanje, iingozi ezibangelwa yimeko-bume yendawo yokuhlala ziye zancitshiswa. Ugutyulo olubhetele, amanzi acoceke ngakumbi, ukuncipha kwezinambuzane eziyingozi ekhaya kuye kwayiphucula imeko yabantu, kwaphucula gqitha impilo yakhe, kwaze kwandisa ubomi bakhe. Ngenxa yoko, kwiindawo ezininzi ehlabathini, umntu ngoku unako ukuphila ixesha elide ngakumbi.c Sekunjalo, ukunciphisa le miqobo kubandakanya okungakumbi kunokufakela nje imibhobho yamanzi endlwini. Kukwafuneka kulondolozwe imeko-bume yentlalo neyonqulo.

Imeko-bume yentlalo. Imeko-bume yakho yentlalo ibunjwa ngabantu—abo uhlala nabo, osebenza nabo, otya nabo, okhonza nabo nodlala nabo. Imeko-bume yakho yomzimba iyaphucuka xa unamanzi acocekileyo; ngokufanayo, imeko-bume yakho yentlalo ingaphucuka, ukukhankanya nje ingongoma enye, xa unabahlobo abaxabisekileyo. Ukukwazi ukwabelana nabanye abantu ngezinto ezikuvuyisayo nezo zikuxhalabisayo, iminqweno yakho nezinto ezikunxunguphalisayo kunciphisa imiqobo kwimeko-bume kuze kukuncede uphile ixesha elide.

Noko ke, kuyinyaniso nokwahlukileyo koko. Ukungabi nabo abahlobo kunokukubangela ube lilolo uze uzive ulikheswa. Uyadakumba xa ungafumani mazwi alukhuthazo kubantu abakurhangqileyo. Elinye ibhinqa elalihlala kwikhaya labantu abalupheleyo labhalela umntu elaliqhelene naye lisithi: “Ndineminyaka engama-82 ubudala yaye bendisoloko ndihlala kweli khaya iminyaka eli-16 yonke. Basiphatha kakuhle, kodwa maxa wambi kunzima ukujamelana nobulolo.” Okubuhlungu kukuba, imeko yeli bhinqa yinto eqhelekileyo kubantu abaninzi abakhulileyo, ingakumbi kumazwe aseNtshona. Ngokufuthi bahlala phakathi kwabantu ababanyamezelayo kodwa abangabaxabisanga. Ngenxa yoko, “ukuba lilolo yenye yezona ngxaki ziphambili eyisongela ngokuthe rhoqo intlalo-ntle yabalupheleyo kumazwe ahambele phambili,” utsho uJames Calleja, weInternational Institute on Ageing.

Liyinyaniso elokuba, usenokungakwazi ukushenxisa iimeko ezikwenza ukuba ube lilolo—njengokunyanzeleka ukuba uthabathe umhlala-phantsi, ukungakwazi ukuhambahamba, ukuphulukana nabahlobo bakudala, okanye ukufelwa liqabane lomtshato—kodwa usenokukwazi ukuthabatha amanyathelo athile ukuze uyinciphise le miqobo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Okokuqala, qonda ukuba ukuziva ulilolo akubangelwa kukwaluphala; abanye abantu abaselula baziva bengamalolo nabo. Le ngxaki ayibangelwa kukwaluphala—ibangelwa kukuba yinkom’ edla yodwa. Unokwenza ntoni ukuze ungabi lilolo?

Omnye umhlolokazi okhulileyo ucebisa ngelithi: “Benze abantu bakuvuyele ukuba kunye nawe. Bambalwa abantu abathandayo ukunxulumana nomntu osoloko ekhalaza. Kufuneka wenze umgudu wokuba uchwayite. Liyinyaniso elokuba, oko kufuna umgudu kodwa umgudu owenzayo uba nemiphumo emihle. Ububele buzala ububele.” Wongezelela ngelithi: “Ukuze ndiqiniseke ukuba ndinento endinokuyincokola nabantu endidibana nabo, abaselula nabakhulileyo, ndizama ukuhambisana nezinto ezenzekayo ngokufunda amaphephancwadi nokumamela iindaba.”

Nanga amanye amacebiso: Funda ukubonakalisa umdla kwizinto abanye abantu abazithandayo. Buza imibuzo. Kangangoko kunokwenzeka, yiba nesisa. Ukuba akunazo izinto eziphathekayo, unokunikela ngokwenza okuthile; kukho uyolo ekupheni. Bhala iileta. Yenza umsetyenzana wokuzonwabisa. Zamkele izimemo zokutyelela abanye abantu okanye ukuzikhupha nabo. Ligcine ikhaya lakho libukeka yaye likhangeleka kwiindwendwe. Zenze ufumaneke kubantu abafuna uncedo uze ubancede.

Imeko-bume yonqulo. Ubungqina obandayo bubonisa ukuba imisebenzi ephathelele unqulo inceda abantu abakhulileyo ukuba bafumane “injongo nentsingiselo ebomini” baze “bonwabe,” “bazive beluncedo,” “baneliseke ngakumbi ebomini,” kwaye “bazive benabantu ababangqongileyo yaye bephilile.” Ngoba? Incwadi ethi Later Life—The Realities of Aging icacisa isithi: “Ukholo lonqulo lunika abantu injongo yobomi kwakunye nesimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo, imilinganiselo yokuphila, iinkolelo ezibanceda baqonde okubangqongileyo.” Ukongezelela, imisebenzi yonqulo yenza abantu abakhulileyo ukuba badibane nabanye abantu yaye ngaloo ndlela “bayawanciphisa amathuba okuba bodwa nokuziva bengamalolo.”

KuLouise noEvelyn, abangabahlolokazi abaneminyaka engama-80 ubudala nabangamalungu ebandla lamaNgqina kaYehova, olu hlolisiso lungqina oko bebekwazi kangangamashumi eminyaka. ULouise uthi: “KwiHolo yoBukumkani,d ndiyakunandipha ukuthetha nabanye, abakhulileyo nabaselula. Iintlanganiso ziyafundisa. Xa sincokola emva kweentlanganiso, siyahleka kube mnandi kube yiloo nto. Lixesha elimnandi.” NoEvelyn uyangenelwa yimisebenzi yakhe yonqulo. Uthi: “Ukuya kuthetha nabanye elumelwaneni ngeBhayibhile, kuyandinceda ukuba ndingabi lilolo. Kodwa ngaphezu koko, kuyandivuyisa. Ukunceda abanye baqonde injongo yokwenene yobomi ngumsebenzi owanelisayo.”

Licacile elokuba, uLouise noEvelyn banenjongo ebomini. Ngokuziva bonwabile bayawunciphisa umqobo wesibini—imeko-bume—kuze kubancede baqhubeke besendleleni.—Thelekisa INdumiso 92:13, 14.

Okufumanekayo—Unyango Lwezamayeza Oluxabisa Kancinane Nomlinganiselo Omkhulu Wonyango

Ukuhambela phambili kwinzululwazi yezamayeza kule nkulungwane kuye kwanciphisa umqobo wesithathu ngokuphawulekayo, unyango lwezamayeza—kodwa kungekhona emhlabeni wonke. Kumazwe aliqela ahlwempuzekileyo, iThe World Health Report 1998 ithi, “iminyaka abantu abayiphilayo ngokwenene yancipha phakathi kowe-1975-1995.” Umalathisi jikelele weWHO wathi “abantu aba-3 kwaba-4 kwawona mazwe asakhasayo namhlanje bafa ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala—inani elisisiqingatha seminyaka abantu ekwakulindeleke ukuba bayiphile kwisiqingatha senkulungwane edluleyo.”

Sekunjalo, inani elandayo labantu abakhulileyo nabaselula kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo liyawunciphisa lo mqobo ngokusebenzisa unyango lwezamayeza olufumanekayo nolunexabiso elifikelelekayo. Ngokomzekelo, indlela entsha yokunyanga isifo sephepha.

Ehlabathini lonke, isifo sephepha sibulala abantu abangakumbi kunoGawulayo, isifo seengcongconi nezinye izifo ezifumaneka kweleenjiko—abangama-8 000 suku ngalunye. Kubaguli abali-100 abanesifo sephepha, abangama-95 baphila kumazwe asakhasayo. Abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-20 ngoku banesifo sephepha, yaye abazizigidi ezingama-30 bangafa ngenxa yesi sifo kwiminyaka elishumi elandelayo, inani elilinganayo nabantu abaseBolivia, eKhambodiya naseMalawi bedityanisiwe.

Akumangalisi ke ngoko ukuba iWHO yavuya xa yazisa ngowe-1997 ukuba iye yafumana indlela yokunyanga isifo sephepha kwiinyanga ezintandathu ngaphandle kokufakwa esibhedlele okanye ngonyango lwezamayeza okanye ubugcisa obuhambele phambili. IThe TB Treatment Observer, impapasho yeWHO yathi: “Okwesihlandlo sokuqala ihlabathi liye laba nezixhobo neenkqubo zokunyanga isifo sephepha kungekuphela kumazwe atyebileyo, kodwa nakwawona mazwe ahlwempuzekileyo.” Le nkqubo—echazwe “njengeyona ntshinga eyakhe yathwalwa kwezempilo kweli shumi leminyaka”—ibizwa ngokuba yiDOTS.e

Nangona ixabiso lale nkqubo lilincinane kakhulu kunonyango oluqhelekileyo lwesifo sephepha, imiphumo iyathembisa, ingakumbi kwabo baphila kumazwe asakhasayo. UGqr. Arata Kochi, umalathisi weWHO’s Global TB Programme uthi: “Ayikho enye indlela yokulawula isifo sephepha eye yanyanga kakhulu ngolu hlobo. IDOTS inenani eliphezulu labantu elibanyangayo abangaphezu kwama-95 ekhulwini, kwanakwawona mazwe ahlwempuzekileyo.” Ekupheleni kowe-1997, amazwe angama-89 aye asebenzisa indlela yeDOTS. Namhlanje elo nani liye lantinga laya kuma-96. IWHO inethemba lokuba le nkqubo iya kufikelela izigidi ezingakumbi ezininzi zabantu abangamahlwempu kwawona mazwe asakhasayo, ngaloo ndlela ibenza bakwazi ukunciphisa umqobo wesithathu ebomini.

Ngokuguqula imikhwa yakhe, elungisa imeko-bume, yaye ephucula indlela anyangwa ngayo, umntu ngokwenene uye wakwazi ukwandisa umlinganiselo wobude beminyaka ayiphilayo nelindeleke ukuba ayiphile. Nanku umbuzo, Ngaba kuya kuze kwenzeke ukuba ngenye imini umntu andise ubude bobomi—mhlawumbi kwanokuphila ubomi obungenasiphelo?

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]

[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 6]

HLOBO LUNI LOMTHAMBO YAYE LUFANELE LWENZIWE KANGAKANANI?

INational Institute on Aging (NIA) ithi: “Imizuzu engama-30 yomthambo ongaqobi kangako suku ngalunye lusukelo oluhle.” Kodwa akuyomfuneko ukwenza umthambo kangangemizuzu engama-30 ngexesha nje elinye. Ukwenza umthambo izihlandlo ezithathu ezifutshane zemizuzu eli-10 kuthiwa kuneengenelo ezifanayo nokwenza uhlobo olufanayo lomthambo ngesihlandlo esinye semizuzu engama-30. Luhlobo luni lomthambo omele uwenze? Incwadana yeNIA ethi Don’t Take It Easy: Exercise! incomela oku: “Izinto ezincinane, njengokusebenzisa isinyuko endaweni yesinyusi sombane, okanye ukuhamba ngeenyawo kunokuhamba ngenqwelo-mafutha, kunokuhlanganisa imizuzu engama-30 yomthambo ngosuku. Ukutshayela amagqabi, ukudlala nabantwana, ukunyamekela isitiya, kwanokwenza imisetyenzana yasekhaya kungenziwa ngendlela eza kwenza ube wenze umthambo wemini yonke.” Kakade ke, kububulumko ukuqhagamshelana nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqalise inkqubo yomthambo.

[Umfanekiso]

Ukwenza umthambo womzimba kunokubanceda abasele bekhulile baphinde babe namandla baze bomelele

[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 7]

UKUZIGCINA UPHAPHILE ENGQONDWENI

Kuhlolisiso lwenzululwazi olubandakanya amawaka abantu abakhulileyo kufunyaniswe oothunywashe abanceda ukugcina ingqondo yomntu okhulileyo ilungele ukusebenza. Aba thunywashe baquka “ukuthanda ukufunda, ukukhenketha, izinto zenkcubeko, imfundo, ukunxulumana nabantu abanobuchule kuhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi.” “Yenza izinto ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.” “Musa ukuyeka ukusebenza. Musa ukuthabatha umhlala-phantsi.” “Cima umabonwakude.” “Qalisa izifundo zento ethile.” Kukholelwa ekubeni imisebenzi enjalo ayikwenzi uhlale uchwayitile nje kuphela kodwa yenza ingqondo ihlale isebenza.

[Umfanekiso]

Ukusebenzisa ingqondo kuncenda uzigcine uphaphile ngokwasengqondweni

[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 8]

AMACEBISO EMPILO ABALUPHELEYO

INational Institute on Aging, icandelo leU.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ithi “amathuba okuhlala usempilweni nokuphila ixesha elide angaphuculwa” ngokulandela amacebiso asengqiqweni, njengalandelayo:

● Yitya ukutya okulungeleleneyo, kuquka iziqhamo nemifuno.

● Ukuba uyazisela iziselo ezinxilisayo, kwenze oko ngobungcathu.

● Musa ukutshaya. Akusokuze ushiywe lixesha ukuba uyeke.

● Yenza umthambo ngokuthe rhoqo. Yiya kugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ngenkqubo yomthambo.

● Hlala uqhagamshelana nentsapho nabahlobo.

● Zigcine udlamkile ngokwenza umsebenzi, ukudlala nokuba nobudlelane nabanye.

● Yiba nesimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo ngobomi.

● Yenza izinto ezikwenza wonwabe.

● Xilongwa ngokuthe rhoqo.

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 9]

UKUHLOLWA NGOKUTSHA KWEESELI ZOBUCHOPHO

UGqr. Marilyn Albert, unjingalwazi wezifundo zengqondo nezemithambo-luvo uthi: “Sasicinga ukuba uphulukana neeseli zobuchopho mihla le ebomini bakho kuyo yonke indawo ebuchotsheni. Akuyonyaniso oko—ngokwaluphala uyaphulukana nazo, kodwa kungekhona ngokuphawulekayo, yaye kwiindawo nje ezithile zobuchopho.” IScientific American kaNovemba 1998 ithi, ngapha koko, uhlolisiso lwakutshanje lubonisa ukuba nangona bekusoloko kukholelwa ukuba abantu abanakukhula iiseli ezintsha zobuchopho, ubuncinane, leyo “yinto ekungenakuqinisekwa ngayo.” Izazinzulu ngemithambo-luvo zithi ngoku sele ziqokelele ubungqina bokuba kwanabantu abakhulileyo “bayakwazi ukuba nemithambo-luvo emitsha engamakhulu-khulu.”

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 11]

NGABA UKHULILE YAYE UNOBULUMKO OBUNGAKUMBI?

IBhayibhile iyabuza: “Ngaba akukho bulumko phakathi kwabalupheleyo nokuqonda ebudeni bemihla?” (Yobhi 12:12, NW) Ithini impendulo? Abaphengululi bahlolisisa abantu abakhulileyo ukuze bafumanise iimpawu “ezinjengokuqonda, ukwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo, iimbono namandla okubona imilinganiselo engafaniyo nokuba neendlela ezifanelekileyo zokucombulula iingxaki.” Ngokutsho kweU.S.News & World Report uhlolisiso lubonise ukuba “abantu abakhulileyo ngokungaguquguqukiyo bayabagqwesa abantu abaselula ngobulumko, ukunikela icebiso elisengqiqweni nelobulumko.” Kwakhona uhlolisiso lubonisa ukuba “nangona ngokufuthi kuthabatha ixesha kubantu abakhulileyo kunabaselula ukwenza izigqibo, ngokuqhelekileyo iba zizigqibo ezibhetele.” Ngaloo ndlela, njengokuba incwadi yeBhayibhile kaYobhi ibonisa, eneneni, ubulumko busebudaleni.

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 5]

Ubomi bomntu bunjengogqatso oluzele yimiqobo

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 9]

Omnye umhlolokazi ucebisa ngelithi: “Benze abantu bakuvuyele ukuba kunye nawe.”

[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 10]

“Ukunceda abanye baqonde injongo yokwenene yobomi ngumsebenzi owanelisayo.”—Evelyn

[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 10]

“KwiHolo yethu yoBukumkani, ndiyakunandipha ukuthetha nabanye, abakhulileyo nabaselula.”—Louise