Into Egcinwe Iyimfihlelo
“Akukho mntu ufanele enziwe ikhoboka: ubukhoboka nokurhweba ngamakhoboka kufanele kungavunyelwa nangayiphi na indlela.”—Isindululo Sehlabathi Lonke Samalungelo Abantu.
XA uphinda ugalela iswekile kwikofu yakho, cinga ngoPrevot, waseHaiti owathenjiswa ngomsebenzi oncumisayo kwelinye ilizwe laseCaribbean. Kunoko wathengiswa ngee-R50.
UPrevot uphakathi kwamawakawaka amadoda elizwe lakhe anyanzelwa ukuba avune iswekile kangangeenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezisixhenxe aze ahlawulwe imali engephi okanye angahlawulwa kwaukuhlawulwa. La mabanjwa agcinwe kwiindawo ezixineneyo nezimdaka. Emva kokuba ethathelwe izinto zawo, anikwa iisabile. Ukuze afumane ukutya amele asebenze. Ukuba akhe azama ukubaleka, asenokubethwa.
Khawucinge ngemeko kaLin-Lin, intombazana yaseMzantsi-mpuma Asia. Wafelwa ngunina eneminyaka eli-13 ubudala. Iziko elijongene nengqesho lamthenga kuyise ngee-R2 940, lithembisa ukuba liya kumnika umsebenzi oncumisayo. Le mali wayihlawulelwayo kwathiwa ngumvuzo wakhe wokuqala angekawusebenzeli—nto leyo eyamenza wabopheleleka ngokusisigxina kwaba baphathi bakhe batsha. Kunokuba anikwe umsebenzi osemgangathweni, uLin-Lin wasiwa kwindlu yoonongogo, apho abathengi bahlawula umphathi wakhe ii-R25 ngeyure ngenxa yakhe. Ngokucacileyo uLin-Lin libanjwa, kuba akanakukhululeka de ityala lakhe ligqitywe. Oku kuquka ixabiso athengwe ngalo ngumnini wendlu yoonongogo ukongezelela kwinzala neendleko. Ukuba uLin-Lin uyala ukusebenzisana nomqeshi wakhe, usenokubethwa okanye angcungcuthekiswe. Eyona nto imbi, ukuba unokuzama ukuzimela, usenokubulawa.
Ngaba Wonke Umntu Uya Kuze Akhululeke?
Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba ubukhoboka abusekho. Eneneni, emva kweendibano, izindululo nemithetho eyahlukeneyo, kuye kwavakaliswa ukuba bupheliswe ngokusemthethweni kumazwe amaninzi. Naphi na ubukhoboka bucekiswa gqitha. Imithetho yelizwe iyabalela ubukhoboka, nokutshitshiswa kwabo kukho kumaxwebhu ehlabathi—ngokukodwa kwiGatya 4 leSindululo Sehlabathi Lonke Samalungelo Abantu Sowe-1948, esicatshulwe ngasentla.
Sekunjalo, ubukhoboka busekho ngamandla—nangona kwabanye buseyintlungu efihlakeleyo. Ungasuka ePhnom Penh uye kutsho eParis, usuke eMumbai uye kutsho eBrasília , izigidi zabantu—amadoda, amabhinqa nabantwana—banyanzelwa ukuba baphile baze basebenze njengamakhoboka okanye bahlale njengamakhoboka. IAnti-Slavery International eseLondon, ebisoloko ililiso ekusetyenzisweni ngenkani kwabantu ehlabathini lonke kangangexesha elide, ithi inani labantu ababandezelekileyo lingamakhulu ezigidi. Eneneni, kusenokuba kukho amakhoboka amaninzi ehlabathini namhlanje kunanini na ngaphambili!
Kuyavunywa ukuba, imifanekiso eqhelekileyo yamakhamandela, izabhokhwe neefandesi azikho kubukhoboka bakutshanje. Ukusetyenziswa ngenkani, umtshato wobukhoboka, ukwenziwa ikhoboka kuba imali ingekahlawulwa, ukuqotywa kwabantwana yaye ngokufuthi ubunongogo buzezinye zeendlela ezaziwayo zobukhoboka ezikhoyo namhlanje. Amakhoboka asenokuba ngamashweshwe, abakhweli beenkamela, abavuni beswekile, abaluki beekhaphethi, okanye abenzi beendlela. Liyinyaniso elokuba, amaninzi akathengiswa kwifandesi kawonke-wonke, kodwa ayafana nje nalawo exesha langaphambili. Kwezinye iimeko aphathwa kakubi gqitha.
Ngoobani ababa ngamakhoboka? Kwenzeka njani ukuba babe ngamakhoboka? Yintoni eyenziwayo ukuze bancedwe? Ngaba sele buza kupheliswa nya ubukhoboka?
[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 4]
BUYINTONI UBUKHOBOKA KULE MIHLA?
Lo ngumbuzo ongakhange ukwazi ukuphendulwa ziZizwe Ezimanyeneyo kangangeminyaka emininzi zizama ukuwuphendula. Enye ingcaciso yobukhoboka yileyo yaqulunqwa yiSlavery Convention ngowe-1926 neyathi: “Ubukhoboka sisigxina okanye imeko yomntu ongaphantsi kwamagunya apheleleyo omnini-nto.” Sekunjalo, eli binzana linokuguqulelwa nangayiphi na indlela. Ngokutsho komchola-choli weendaba uBarbara Crossette, “ubukhoboka ligama elinikwa abasebenzi abafumana imali encinane abakwimizi-mveliso yempahla neyezinto zemidlalo kwamanye amazwe nakwimizi-mveliso ebahlawula imali encinane kwizixeko zaseMerika. Lisetyenziselwa ukugxeka ushishino lwesini nokukhotyokiswa kwabantu ezintolongweni.”
UMike Dottridge, ongumalathisi weAnti-Slavery International, ucinga ukuba “njengoko ubukhoboka bubonakala buthabatha unyawo—okanye njengoko eli gama lisetyenziswa ngeendlela ezininzi—kukho ingozi yokuba intsingiselo yalo ingangxengeka okanye iphele.” Uvakalelwa kukuba “ubukhokoba buchazwa njengokuphatha okanye ukulawula ubomi bomnye umntu.” Buquka ukunyanzelwa nokubotshelelwa ungahambi—kwaisibakala sokuba “umntu akanakuhamba, atshintshe ingqesho.”
UA. M. Rosenthal, uthi xa ebhala kwiThe New York Times: “Amakhoboka aphila ubomi bobukhoboka ngokwenene—ayacinezelwa, adlwengulwe, alambe, athuthunjiswe, aze athotywe isidima ngokupheleleyo.” Wongezelela ngelithi: “Ikhoboka lithengiswa ngeedola ezingamashumi amahlanu [ii-R300], ngoko [abaninilo] abakhathali nokuba kuya kuthabatha ixesha elingakanani ngaphambi kokuba umzimba walo uphoswe emlanjeni.”
[Inkcazelo]
Ricardo Funari