Kutheni Ufanele Uyeke Ukutshaya?

UKUTSHAYA akubafanelanga abo bafuna ukuphila ubomi obude nobonwabileyo. Umntu ekukudala etshaya unethuba eli-1 kwama-2 okuba ekugqibeleni uya kubulawa licuba. Umalathisi-jikelele weWorld Health Organization (iWHO) wathi: “Umdiza . . . wenziwe ngokuchuliweyo wanomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wentshongo ukuze igcine intshayi ilikhoboka lawo ubomi bayo bonke ngaphambi kokuba uyibulale.”

Ngoko, esinye isizathu sokuba uyeke ukutshaya kukuba ukutshaya icuba kubeka engozini impilo nobomi. Ukutshaya kuye kwanxulunyaniswa nezifo ezingaphezu kwama-25 ezibeka ubomi esichengeni. Ngokomzekelo, kunegalelo kwisifo sentliziyo, istroke, isifo semiphunga esingapheliyo, iemphysema, neendidi ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza, ingakumbi umhlaza wemiphunga.

Kambe ke, umntu usenokutshaya kangangeminyaka emininzi ngaphambi kokuba afumane esinye kwezi zifo. Okwangoku, ukutshaya akumenzi umntu athandwe ngabanye. Izibhengezo zibonisa iintshayi njengabantu abaphucukileyo nabasempilweni. Akunjalo oko. Ukutshaya kunukisa umoya yaye kwenza amazinyo abe namabala angapheliyo neminwe ibe mnyama bumthubi. Amadoda kuwatheza amandla. Kuyayikhohlelisa intshayi kuyenze ibe nombefu. Kwakhona iintshayi ziba sesichengeni sokuba nemibimbi zisencinane kwakunye nezinye iingxaki zolusu.

Indlela Ukutshaya Okubachaphazela Ngayo Abanye

IBhayibhile ithi: “Umele umthande ummelwane wakho njengawe siqu.” (Mateyu 22:39) Ukuthanda abamelwane bakho—yaye amalungu entsapho yakho ngabona bamelwane bakho basondeleyo—sesona sizathu sibambekayo sokuyeka ukutshaya.

Ukutshaya kuyabaphazamisa abanye. De kube ngoku intshayi inokulumeka umdiza naphi na ize ilindele ukuba ingakhalelwa mntu loo nto. Kodwa izimo zengqondo ziyatshintsha, kuba ngoku abantu bayayiqonda ingozi yokusezela umsi wemidiza yabanye. Ngokomzekelo, umntu ongatshayiyo otshate nentshayi unamathuba angama-30 ekhulwini okuba nomhlaza wemiphunga kunaxa etshate nomntu ongatshayiyo. Abantwana abahlala nabazali abatshayayo basesichengeni sokuba nenyumoniya okanye isifo semiphunga kwiminyaka yokuqala yobomi kunabantwana abahlala kumakhaya ekungatshaywayo kuwo.

Amabhinqa akhulelweyo atshayayo abeka engozini iimveku zawo ezingekazalwa. Intshongo, ikharbon monokside, neminye imichiza eyingozi efumaneka kumsi womdiza ingena kwigazi likamama ize ngqo kusana olusesibelekweni. Imiphumo iquka ukuzalwa komntwana sele efile, imfambilini kwakunye nokufa kweentsana. Ngaphezulu, ingozi yokufa kweentsana ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo inamathuba amathathu okwenzeka kwiintsana ezinoonina ababetshaya xa babekhulelwe.

Kuziindleko

Esinye isizathu sokuyeka kukuba ukutshaya kubiza imali eninzi. Uhlolisiso olwenziwa yiWorld Bank lwaqikelela ukuba iindleko zokunyamekela impilo ezibangelwa kukutshaya ngokuthe ngqo zimalunga nee-R1,2 zamawaka ezigidi nyaka ngamnye. Kambe ke, loo mali ayifiki ekubandezelekeni nakwintlungu yabo bafumana izifo ezibangelwa licuba.

Kulula ukubala ezona ndleko zemidiza kumntu otshayayo. Ukuba uyatshaya, phindaphinda imali oyisebenzisa ngosuku kwimidiza ngama-365. Oku kuya kukubonisa imali oyichitha ngonyaka. Phindaphinda elo nani ngeshumi, yaye uya kubona ukuba imidiza iya kukubiza malini na ukuba uyitshaya kangangeminye iminyaka elishumi. Ingakumangalisa imiphumo yoko. Cinga nje ngenye into obunokuyenza ngaloo mali.

Ngaba Kukhuselekile Ukutshintsha?

Ishishini lecuba libhengeza imidiza enetela nentshongo ekumlinganiselo ophantsi—ekuthiwa xa zinconywa yimidiza ecwengileyo—njengendlela yokunciphisa iingozi ezibangelwa kukutshaya empilweni. Noko ke, abo batshintshela kwimidiza enetela nentshongo ekumlinganiselo ophantsi banqanqathekela la mlinganiselo wokuqala wentshongo. Ekugqibeleni, iintshayi ezitshintshayo ngokuqhelekileyo zizixolisa ngokutshaya imidiza emininzi, zifunxa ngamandla nangokufuthi, okanye ziwufunxe kanobom umdiza ngamnye. Kwanakwabo bangatshintsheli kwezinye izinto ukuze bazixolise, abafumani zingenelo kangako xa kuthelekiswa neengenelo zokuyeka ngokupheleleyo.

Kuthekani ngeenqawa neesiga? Nangona ushishino lwecuba kukudala lukhuthaza iinqawa neesiga njengophawu lokuba nguthile, umsi eziwukhuphayo ubulala ngendlela efanayo nowomdiza oqhelekileyo. Kwanokuba iintshayi aziwusezeli umsi wesiga okanye owenqawa, zisengozini enkulu yokufumana umhlaza womlebe, owomlomo nowolwimi.

Ngaba icuba elingenamsi likhuselekile? Liba ziindidi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: igwada netshu. Igwada licuba eliphuqiweyo, elidla ngokuthengiswa ngeenkonkxa okanye libe sezingxoweni. Ngokufuthi, abantu balo balifaka ngaphantsi komlebe ongezantsi okanye ngaphantsi ezidleleni. Itshu idla ngokuthengiswa ngokwemicu emide, edla ngokuba sezingxoweni. Njengoko igama lalo libonisa, liyahlafunwa, alifunxwa. Igwada netshu zibangela umoya onukayo, amazinyo anamabala amnyama, umhlaza womlomo nowamakrini, ukukhotyokiswa yintshongo, izilonda ezimhlophe emlonyeni ezinokukhokelela kumhlaza, ukuchiza kwemihlathi, nokuba tyhufutyhufu kwemihlathi engasemazinyweni. Licacile elokuba, ukufunxa icuba okanye ukulihlafuna akuyonto onokuthi ngobulumko utshintshele kuyo.

Iingenelo Zokuyeka

Masithi kudala utshaya. Kwenzeka ntoni xa uyeka? Kwisithuba nje semizuzu engama-20 ugqibe ukutshaya umdiza wokugqibela, umlinganiselo woxinezeleko lwegazi uhla uye kumlinganiselo oqhelekileyo. Emva kweveki umzimba wakho uyakhululeka kwintshongo. Emva kwenyanga ukukhohlela, ukuxinana kweempumlo, ukudinwa nokuba nombefu kuyancipha. Emva kweminyaka emihlanu, ingozi yokubulawa ngumhlaza wemiphunga iya kuhla ngama-50 ekhulwini. Emva kweminyaka eli-15 ingozi yokufumana isifo sentliziyo iya kuhla iye kutsho kuleyo yomntu ongazange atshaye kwaukutshaya.

Uya kukunandipha ngakumbi ukutya. Umoya wakho, umzimba nempahla iya kunuka kamnandi. Akusayi kuphinda ube sengxakini yokuchitha imali uthenga icuba. Uya kuziva uphumeze okuthile. Ukuba unabantwana, umzekelo wakho uya kwenza abantwana bangabi zizo iintshayi. Usenokuphila ixesha elide. Okungakumbi, uya kuba wenza ngokuvisisana nokuthanda kukaThixo, ekubeni iBhayibhile isithi: “Masizihlambulule kuko konke ukudyobheka kwenyama.” (2 Korinte 7:1) Musa ukucinga ukuba ushiywe lixesha ukuba ungayeka, ukuyeka kamsinya kokona kuya kuba bhetele.

Isizathu Sokuba Kube Nzima Ukuyeka

Kunzima ukuyeka ukutshaya—kwanakwabo bakufuna ngamandla. Eyona nto ibangela loo nto kukuba, intshongo esecubeni isisiyobisi esikhobokisa ngokwenene. IWHO ithi: “Xa kuthelekiswa ukukhobokisa kweziyobisi ezichaphazela ingqondo, intshongo yafunyaniswa ikhobokisa ngakumbi kune-heroin ne-cocaine.” Ngokungafaniyo neheroin necocaine, intshongo ayinxilisi haka, ngoko kulula ukuyidelela. Kodwa la mvo yokuziva wonwabile ibangela abantu abaninzi baqhubeke betshaya ukuze babe naloo mvakalelo ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Eneneni intshongo iyakutshintsha; iyaluphelisa udandatheko. Noko ke, uxinezeleko olupheliswa ngumdiza inxalenye yalo ibangelwa kukufuna intshongo.

Kwakhona kunzima ukuyeka ukutshaya kuba kungumkhwa onento yokwenza nesimilo. Ngaphandle kokuba zikhotyokiswe yintshongo, iintshayi ziba nomkhwa eziwenza ngokuphindaphindiweyo wokulumeka nokufunxa. Abanye basenokuthi, ‘Yinto onokuyenza ngezandla zakho.’ ‘Ikugcina unento yokwenza.’

Enye into yesithathu eyenza kube nzima ukuyeka ukutshaya kukuba icuba lenziwe inxalenye yobomi bemihla ngemihla. Ishishini lecuba lichitha malunga nee-R37 zamawaka ezigidi nyaka ngamnye kumaphulo okubhengeza abonisa iintshayi njengabantu abaphucukileyo, abanamandla, abasempilweni nabakrelekrele. Basoloko beboniswa bekhwele amahashe, bequbha, bedlala intenetya, okanye besenza nje enye into ebangela umdla. Imifanekiso eshukumayo neenkqubo zikamabonwakude zibonisa abantu abatshayayo—yaye abasoloko besoyiswa. Icuba lithengiswa ngokusemthethweni phantse kuyo yonke indawo. Uninzi lwethu lusoloko luphakathi kwabantu abatshayayo. Akukwazi ukuziphepha ezi zinto ziphembelelayo.

Okulusizi kukuba, akukho pilisi unokuyisebenzisa ukuthomalalisa umnqweno wokutshaya kanye njengokuba iipilisi zeentlungu zinokuthomalalisa intloko ebuhlungu. Ukuze akwazi ukuphumelela kumlo onzima wokuyeka, umntu kufuneka ekhuthaziwe. Kanye njengokuthoba ubunzima bomzimba, kufuneka ukuzimisela ngamandla kangangexesha elide. Oyena mntu unembopheleleko yokuyeka ngumntu lowo ebetshaya.

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 25]

Ukuba Likhoboka Uselula

Uhlolisiso lwaseUnited States lwabonisa ukuba umntu oselula om-1 kwaba-4 oye wasebenzisa imidiza ekugqibeleni uba likhoboka. Oku kwakufana nomlinganiselo wokukhotyokiswa wabo baye balinga icocaine neheroin. Nangona malunga nama-70 ekhulwini eentshayi ezikwishumi elivisayo zizisola ngokuqalisa, zimbalwa ezikwaziyo ukuyeka.

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 25]

Yintoni Efumaneka Kumsi Womdiza?

Umsi womdiza unetela, enemichiza engaphezu kwama-4 000. Kule michiza, engama-43 idume ngokubangela umhlaza. Phakathi kwayo kukho, icyanide, ibenzene, iwood alcohol, neacetylene (amafutha asetyenziswa ezibaneni). Kwakhona umsi womdiza unenitrogen oxide nekharbon monokside, zombini ezo ziigesi ezinetyhefu. Eyona nto inamandla kuwo yintshongo, isiyobisi esikhobokisa ngokwenene.

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 26]

Ukunceda Othandekayo Ayeke

Ukuba akutshayi yaye uyazazi iingozi zokutshaya, usenokukhathazeka xa abahlobo bakho nabathandekayo beqhubeka betshaya. Unokwenza ntoni ukuze ubancede bayeke? Ukukhalaza, ukucenga, ukuzama ukubajika nokubagculela akudli ngakunceda. Nokuzama ukungxolisa akuncedi. Kunokuba iyeke, le ntshayi inokuthatha umdiza ukuze iphelise intlungu ebangelwa ziindlela ozisebenzisayo. Ngoko zama ukuqonda indlela ekunzima ngayo ukuyeka nokuba kwabanye kunzima ngakumbi kunakwabanye.

Umntu akunakuze umyekise ukutshaya. Amandla nokuzimisela ukuyeka kumele kuvele kumntu otshayayo. Kufuneka ufumane iindlela zothando zokukhuthaza nokuxhasa lo mnqweno wokuyeka.

Ungayenza njani loo nto? Ngexesha elifanelekileyo, unokubonisa indlela omthanda ngayo loo mntu uze umxelele ukuba umkhwa wakhe wokutshaya uyakuxhalabisa. Mxelele ukuba uya kusixhasa nasiphi isigqibo sokuyeka asenzayo. Kambe ke, ukuba le ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu, isenokungasebenzi ize ingabi nantsingiselo.

Usenokwenza ntoni ukuba lo umthandayo ugqiba kwelokuba ayeke? Khumbula ukuba usenokuba neempawu zokuyeka, eziquka ukucaphuka nodandatheko. Ukuqaqanjelwa yintloko nokuba nobunzima bokulala kunokuba zezinye zeengxaki. Mkhumbuze othandekayo ukuba ezi mpawu zezokwexeshana yaye zibonisa ukuba umzimba uzama ukuziqhelanisa nale meko intsha isempilweni. Mkhuthaze uze ube nesimo sengqondo esihle. Mxelele ngendlela ovuya ngayo kuba eyeka ukutshaya. Ngalo lonke ixesha lokuyeka kwakhe, mncede lo uthandekayo aphephe iimeko ezinokumnxunguphalisa aze abuyele umva.

Kuthekani ukuba ubuyela umva? Musa ukucaphuka. Yiba novelwano. Yijonge le meko njengendlela yokufunda kuni nobabini, nicinga ukuba ukuba ninokuphinda nizame ningaphumelela.

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 27]

Ishishini lecuba lichitha malunga nee-R37 zamawaka ezigidi nyaka ngamnye ekubhengezeni