Unobangela Wentiyo

INTIYO le yathi qhaphu gqi kwaphambili phayaa kwimbali yoluntu. Ingxelo yeBhayibhile kwiGenesis 4:8 ithi: “Ngoxa babesendle wasuka uKayin wamhlasela uAbheli umntakwabo waza wambulala.” Umbhali weBhayibhile uYohane unombuzo kule ndawo: “Yaye kwakutheni ukuze ambulale ngogonyamelo? Kwakungenxa yokuba imisebenzi yakhe yayingendawo, kodwa yona eyomntakwabo yayiyeyobulungisa.” (1 Yohane 3:12) UAbheli waba lixhoba lomnye wabona nobangela baqhelekileyo bentiyo: umona. IMizekeliso 6:34 ithi: “Umsindo wendoda eyomeleleyo likhwele.” Namhlanje, ukuba nomona ngumgangatho umntu anawo kwibutho labantu, ubutyebi, izinto omnye anazo nezinye iingenelo kuyaqhubeka kubangela iingxabano phakathi kwabantu.

Ukungazi Noloyiko

Kodwa umona uyenye yeemvelaphi ezininzi zentiyo. Amaxesha amaninzi, intiyo iphenjelelwa nakukungazi noloyiko. Ilungu eliselula leqela elinocalucalulo nogonyamelo lathi: “Ngaphambi kokufunda intiyo, ndaqala ndaba noloyiko.” Amaxesha amaninzi uloyiko olunjalo lubangelwa kukungazi. Ngokutsho kweThe World Book Encyclopedia, abantu abanocalucalulo batyekele ekubeni neembono “bengenabo ubungqina. . . . Abantu abanocalucalulo, batyekele ekutshintsheni, bazichaze ngendlela engeyiyo, okanye de bangazihoyi izibakala ezichasene neembono abanazo.”

Zivela phi ezi mbono? Ithi enye inkcazelo yeInternet: “Iziganeko zembali zizo ezibangela oodla-ngendeb’ endala, kodwa imbali yethu yiyo ebangela ucalucalulo.”

Ngokomzekelo, eUnited States, ukurhweba ngamakhoboka kuye kwabangela ukujongana ngezikhondo zamehlo phakathi kwabamhlophe nabo basinqe sabo siseAfrika—nto leyo esaqhubeka unanamhla. Ubukhulu becala, ubuhlanga busuka kubazali buye ebantwaneni. Omnye owatshoyo ukuba yena unobuhlanga nomhlophe wavuma ukuba waba nobuhlanga “engazange adibane nokudibana nabantu abantsundu.”

Kukho ke nabo bacinga ukuba abantu abangafaniyo nabo abaxabisekanga. Le mbono isenokuba isekelwe kwimeko ethile engentle awafakwa kuyo ngumntu wolunye uhlanga. Ngokusuka kuloo nto, bezibaxa izinto basenokufikelela kwisigqibo sokuba wonke umntu wolo hlanga uneempawu ezingathandekiyo.

Ngoxa ubuntamo-lukhuni bungafuneki kumntu ngamnye, xa buhlasela uhlanga luphela bunokubulala. Inkolelo yokuba uhlanga, ibala lolusu, isithethe okanye ulwimi lomntu lumenza abe ngaphezu kwabanye inokukhulisa ubuntamo-lukhuni nokoyikwa kwabantu basemzini (ukucekiswa kwakhe nabani na okanye nantoni na yasemzini). Ebudeni benkulungwane yama-20, obo buntamo-lukhuni babuphelekwa lugonyamelo.

Okubangela umdla kukuba, intiyo nobuntamo-lukhuni akude kufuneke zibangelwe libala lolusu okanye uhlanga. Umphengululi uClark McCauley weUniversity of Pennsylvania ubhala athi “ukutshintsha nje kwabantu ngokukhawuleza babe ngamaqela amabini, kanye njengokuguquka kwengqekembe, kuko okubangela ukuba umntu akhethe iqela lakhe.” Omnye umfundisi-ntsapho webanga lokuqala, wakubonisa kakuhle oku, xa wathi njengendlela ethandwayo yolingelo, wahlulahlula iklasi yakhe kubini—abantwana abanamehlo aluhlaza nabanamehlo amdaka. Kungabanga thuba lide, kwavuka uqhushululu phakathi kwala maqela mabini. Kwanamaqumrhu abunjwa ngenxa yento engenamsebenzi njengeqela elithile lezemidlalo adla ngokuphelela kwimilo enogonyamelo.

Kutheni Kukho Ugonyamelo Olungaka Nje?

Kodwa kutheni ukujongana ngezikhondo zamehlo kudla ngokuboniswa ngeendlela ezinogonyamelo? Abaphengululi baye bangena ezingcanjini zalo mbandela kodwa abakezi nento enesihlahla. UClark McCauley waqulunqa uluhlu lweencwadi ezinophando olwenziwa ngokuphathelele ugonyamelo nenkohlakalo yabantu. Ucaphula olunye uhlolisiso oluchaza ukuba “ulwaphulo-mthetho olubandakanya ugonyamelo lunxulumene nokugaya nokuphumelela iimfazwe.” Abaphengululi bafumanisa ukuba “amazwe awayenenxaxheba kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I nakwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ingakumbi amazwe awaziphumelelayo ezi mfazwe, abulalana gqitha emva kokuba imfazwe iphelile.” Ngokutsho kweBhayibhile, siphila kwixesha lemfazwe. (Mateyu 24:6) Ngaba loo nto ithetha ukuba ngandlel’ ithile ezo mfazwe ziye zanegalelo ekwandeni kwezinye iintlobo zogonyamelo?

Abanye abaphengululi bafuna indlela yokuchaza ugonyamelo olusebantwini. Olunye uphengululo lwakha lwazama ukunxibelelanisa ezinye iindlela zogonyamelo “nomlinganiselo ophantsi we-serotonin esengqondweni.” Enye ingcamango exhaphakileyo yile yokuba ugonyamelo lukwimizila yethu yemfuza. Esinye isazinzulu ngezobupolitika sathi: “Inxalenye enkulu [yentiyo] inokufuzwa.”

IBhayibhile ngokwayo ithi abantu abangafezekanga bazalwa benemikhwa emibi namakhwiniba. (Genesis 6:5; Duteronomi 32:5) Kambe ke, loo mazwi asebenza kubantu bonke. Kodwa asingabo bonke abantu abanentiyo engekho ngqiqweni ngabanye. Iba yinto efundwayo leyo. Ngenxa yoko, isazi ngengqondo esidumileyo uGordon W. Allport safumanisa ukuba abantwana “ababonisi . . . zimpawu zemikhwa eyingozi. . . . usana lunesimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo, lusiya nakweyiphi na into, lusamkela wonke umntu.” Loo nto ixhasa isibakala sokuba ugonyamelo, ubuhlanga nentiyo ubukhulu becala yimikhwa efundwayo! La mandla anawo umntu okufunda intiyo asetyenziswa kakubi ngabo bafundisa intiyo.

Ukonakaliswa Kweengqondo

Abona bantu baphambili ziinkokeli zamaqela anentiyo, njengabo batyekele kubuNazi namaqela athile abamhlophe anocalucalulo neKu Klux Klan. La maqela adla ngokukhangela ulutsha olufuna ingqalelo nolusuka kwiintsapho ezikwimeko engentle. Ulutsha oluziva lungakhuselekanga noluziva luphantsi lunokucinga ukuba lukhuselekile phantsi kwala maqela.

I-Internet sesinye isixhobo esinamandla esiye sasetyenziswa ngabanye ukuphembelela intiyo. Ngokutsho kobalo lwakutshanje, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kukho amajelo ali-1 000 aphembelela intiyo kwi-Internet. Iphephancwadi iThe Economist licaphula umnini welinye ijelo leInternet eqhayisa ngelithi: “I-Internet iye yasinika ithuba lokuvakalisa iimbono zethu kumakhulu amawaka abantu.” Ijelo lakhe linalo “neCandelo Labantwana.”

Xa abakwishumi elivisayo betyhila i-Internet befuna umculo, basenokuzibona sele begaxeleka kumaziko omculo okhuthaza intiyo. Loo mculo udla ngokuba nesandi esiphakamileyo yaye uba nogonyamelo, unamazwi akhuthaza ubuhlanga. Kwelinye icala, la majelo eInternet akunxulumanisa namajelo eendaba, amacandelo encoko, okanye amanye amajelo akhuthaza intiyo.

Amanye amajelo eInternet akhuthaza intiyo anemidlalo nezinye izinto ezenzelwe abantu abaselula. Elinye ijelo elityekele kubuNazi lenza ilinge lokusebenzisa iBhayibhile ukuze lithethelele ubuhlanga nokuthiywa kwamaYuda. Eli qela liye lenza ijelo elinecrossword puzzle enamazwi obuhlanga. Liyenzela ntoni loo nto? “Inceda amalungu aselula ohlanga lwabamhlophe bazi ngento esiyilwelayo.”

Kodwa asingabo bonke abakhuthaza intiyo ababangelwa yinzondelelo yempambano. Isazi ngezentlalo esabhala malunga nemilo yakutshanje kwiiBalkans, sathi ngababhali abadumileyo nabo baphembelela uluntu ngokubanzi: “Indothusile into [yokubabona] bebhala ngendlela eyonwabisa abo babalandelayo, indlela evuselela intiyo yabo, indlela emfamekisayo ebenza bangaboni nto imbi kwaphela . . . , nokuxoka.”

Enye into engamele kuqwatyazelwa liso kulo mba yindima yabefundisi. Kwincwadi yakhe ethi Holy Hatred: Religious Conflicts of the ’90’s, umbhali uJames A. Haught uthetha la mazwi ahlasimlis’ umzimba: “Eyona nto ibangela umnqa kule minyaka yee-1990 kukuba unqulo—ebekumele ukuba lungumthombo wobubele nokubonisa inkathalo ebantwini—luye lwahamba phambili ekuphembeleleni intiyo, imfazwe nobunqolobi.”

Ngoko oonobangela bentiyo babonakala bebaninzi yaye bentsonkothile. Ngaba loo nto ithetha ukuba akukho ndlela yokuba uluntu luyeke ukuphindaphinda ubudenge bembali yalo ezaliswe yintiyo? Ngaba akukho nto inokwenziwa ngumntu ngamnye kwakunye nehlabathi lonke ukuze kuliwe ukungaqondani, ukungazi noloyiko oluzala intiyo?

[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 6]

Ubuhlanga nentiyo yimikhwa efundwayo!

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 4, 5]

Asizalwa . . .

. . . sinentiyo nobuntamo-lukhuni

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 7]

Amaqela aphembelela intiyo asebenzisa i-Internet ukukhuthaza ulutsha

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 7]

Unqulo belusoloko luphembelela imfazwe

[Inkcazelo]

AP Photo