Ulutsha Lusebugxwayibeni

◼ KwelaseUnited States, umfundi oneminyaka eli-15 ubudala udubula abo afunda nabo, abulale aba-2 aze ashiye abali-13 beziingxwelerha.

◼ ERashiya, iqela lolutsha elitye iziyobisi libulala ngendlela ehambis’ umzimba intombazana eneminyaka esithoba ubudala lize libethe uyise wale ntombazana kunye nomza wayo.

◼ EBritani, inkwenkwe eneminyaka eli-17 ubudala ibetha ize ihlabe omnye umntwana ongasemva kuyo ngeminyaka. Xa ibuzwa ngamapolisa ithi: “Ekuqaleni bendingenazinjongo zakumbulala, kodwa ndithe ndakubona igazi, andaba samyeka.”

IZIGANEKO ezothusa ngolo hlobo azinqabanga. Azinakubethwa ngoyaba njengezinto ezenzeka ngamaxesha athile. Inqaku elikwiProfessional School Counseling lithi: “Ugonyamelo olwenziwa ngabantu abaselula luyeyona ngxaki kwibutho labantu.” Uhlolisiso oluye lwenziwa luyakuxhasa oku.

INational Center for Education Statistics yaseUnited States ithi ngoxa ziye zehla iingxelo zogonyamelo lwasesikolweni kwelo, “abafundi abaneminyaka esusela kweli-12 ukuya kutsho kweli-18 ubudala baye bangamaxhoba olwaphulo-mthetho olungeyongozi kangako izihlandlo ezizizigidi ezi-2 okanye bangamaxhoba obusela esikolweni ngowama-2001.” Kanti ziye zaninzi neengxelo zokuvuyelelwa kwabantwana ezikolweni.

Kodwa eUnited States asilulo lonke ugonyamelo olwenziwa lulutsha olujoliswe kwabanye abafundi. Lo mthombo ukwafanayo unikela ingxelo yokuba: “Ukutyhubela iminyaka emi-5 esusela kowe-1997 ukuya kutsho kowama-2001, ootitshala baye baba ngamaxhoba olwaphulo-mthetho olungeyongozi kangako izihlandlo ezimalunga nesigidi esi-1,3 ezikolweni kuquka nokubelwa izihlandlo ezingama-817 000 nezihlandlo ezingama-473 000 zolwaphulo-mthetho olubandakanya ugonyamelo.” Ukongezelela, “isi-9 ekhulwini sabo bonke ootitshala kwizikolo zabasaqalayo nezamabanga aphezulu bakhe batyityinjiselw’ umnwe ngumfundi yaye isi-4 ekhulwini sakha sabethwa ngumfundi.”

Kunjani kwamanye amazwe? Elinye iziko leendaba linikela le ngxelo: “ETshayina kwavalelwa ulutsha oluziinjubaqa olungama-69 780 ngowama-2003, lwando olo oluli-12,7 ekhulwini kunangowama-2002.” Eli jelo leendaba lithi, “ama-70 ekhulwini olwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwa ziinjubaqa zilwenza njengamaqela.” Ngokufanayo ingxelo evela eJapan ngowama-2003 yatsho ukuba isiqingatha solwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwe kwiminyaka elishumi edluleyo senziwa lulutsha.

Iziyobisi Ziyingozi Kwimizinjana Esakhulayo

Enye into engqina le nkathazo kukuzikhoboza kolutsha. Ingxelo eyanikelwa yiNational Institute on Drug Abuse yaseUnited States ithi malunga nesiqingatha salo lonke ulutsha kwelo lizwe siye sazama ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ngaphambi kokuba sigqibe kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Le ngxelo yongezelela ngelithi: “Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kuseyeyona nto ixhaphake gqitha phakathi kolutsha namhlanje. Malunga nabafundi abane kwabahlanu (ama-77%) baye basela utywala (ngaphezu kwamathanyana nje) xa begqiba kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo; yaye abamalunga nesiqingatha (ama-46%) baye benjenjalo ngoxa bekwibanga lesithandathu.”

Ukuziphatha Okubi Ngokwesini

Kwesi sizukulwana sikaGawulayo, abuthandabuzeki ubungozi bokuziphatha okubi ngokwesini. Kodwa, kulutsha oluninzi isini sifana nje nomdlalo ongeyongozi. Ngokomzekelo, kungekho nento le ithi thiki, olunye ulutsha lwaseMerika, ludla ngokuthetha “ngokubambisa”— amazwi angangcolanga asisihlonipho sokuziphatha okubi ngokwesini ngaphandle kokuzibophelela. Ludla ngokuthetha “ngomhlobo onokuzinceda kuye”—umntu onokuba neentlobano zokuziphatha okubi ngokwesini naye nanini na uthanda.

Umbhali uScott Walter uthetha ngamatheko ahambisana nokuziphatha okubi adla ngokwenziwa lulutsha lwasezidolophini ngoxa abazali balo besemsebenzini. Kwelinye itheko elinjalo, enye intwazana yachaza ukuba “iza kulala nawo onke amakhwenkwe aza kube elapho. . . . Kuloo matheko kubakho nabantwana abaneminyaka eli-12 kuphela ubudala.”

Ngaba oku kuyothusa? Akunjalo kwiingcali eziye zahlolisisa indlela ulutsha oluziphethe ngayo ngokwesini. UGqr. Andrea Pennington ubhala athi: “Kule minyaka ingama-20 idluleyo, abantwana baye baqalisa bebancinane ngendlela engathethekiyo ukuba neentlobano zesini. Akuseyonto inqabileyo ukuba amakhwenkwe namantombazana aqalise ukuba neentlobano zesini eseneminyaka eli-12 kuphela ubudala.”

Ibangela intliziyo ebuhlungu kakhulu ingxelo yephephandaba iUSA Today ethi: “Baninzi gqitha abona bantwana bancinane kweli lizwe . . . ababa neentlobano zesini emlonyeni. . . . Aba bantwana bazixelele ukuba oku ‘asikokuba neentlobano zesini.’” Kolunye uhlolisiso olwenziwa kumantombazana angama-10 000 “angama-80 ekhulwini athi aziintombi ezinyulu, kodwa angama-25% kuwo ayekhe aba neentlobano zesini emlonyeni. Yaye angama-27% athi le ‘yinto nje oyenza nomfana ukuze uzonwabise.’”

Iimbono ezinjalo ngesini zinwenwele nakwezinye iindawo. “Ulutsha lwaseAsia lusesichengeni sokwasulelwa yiHIV ngeentlobano zesini kuba oluninzi kulo lubandakanyeka kuzo luseluncinane,” inikela loo ngxelo iUNESCO, isongezelela ngelithi: “Ulutsha alusayikhathalele ‘imilinganiselo yalapho eAsia’ oluyinikwa ngabazali balo nechasene nokuba neentlobano zesini ngaphambi komtshato namaqabane amaninzi.”

Ngaba zikho ezinye izinto ezibonisa ukuba ulutsha lusengxakini? IWomen’s Health Weekly yaseKhanada inikela le ngxelo: “Amabhinqa angama-25 ekhulwini aneminyaka ephakathi kwe-16 ne-19 ubudala aza kudandatheka. Noko ke, ukudandatheka kuthwaxa namadoda. Ngokutsho kweU.S.News & World Report, nyaka ngamnye bafikelela kumawaka amahlanu abantwana abazibulalayo. Ngokutsho kwale ngxelo, “inani lamakhwenkwe azibulalayo liliphinda kathandathu elamantombazana.”

Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ulutsha lwanamhlanje lunezingathethekiyo iingxaki. Bubangelwa yintoni obu bugxwayiba?

[Inkcazelo Ngomfanekiso okwiphepha 3]

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