Kutheni Bebaninzi Kangaka Abantu Abahlala Besoyika?
ABANTU bagutyungelwe luloyiko. Le yinto engabonakaliyo kodwa eqondakalayo, echaphazela phantse wonk’ umntu nangona ngokuqhelekileyo oku kungaphawulwa. Yintoni le ibangela olu loyiko? Yintoni le ibangela abanye abantu boyike xa bephuma ezindlwini zabo? Kutheni abantu abaninzi beziva bengakhuselekanga emsebenzini? Kutheni abantu abaninzi becinga ukuba abantwana babo abakhuselekanga? Ziziphi iingozi abantu abazoyikayo emakhayeni abo?
Phofu ke, zininzi izinto ezoyikisayo, kodwa siza kuthetha nje ngeengozi ezine ezisoloko zichaphazela abantu—ugonyamelo ezidolophini, ukuhlaselwa ngokwesini, ukudlwengulwa nogonyamelo ekhaya. Okokuqala, makhe sithethe ngogonyamelo ezidolophini. Le yinto ekufanele kuthethwe ngayo ngoku ekubeni phantse isiqingatha sabantu behlala ezidolophini.
Iingozi Ezidolophini
Mhlawumbi iidolophu zokuqala zazakhiwe ngenjongo yokukhusela abantu, kodwa abantu abaninzi ngoku bazigqala njengeziyingozi. Into eyayigqalwa njengendawo ekhuselekileyo ngoku iyoyikeka. Xa kuzele ezidolophini abaphangi bafumana ithuba lokwenza umsebenzi wabo, yaye kuyingozi ukungena kwezinye izixeko needolophana ezihlala abantu abangamahlwempu nezinezibane ezimbalwa ezitratweni namapolisa ambalwa.
Maxa wambi abantu banezizathu ezivakalayo zokoyika, kuba abantu abaninzi babulawa kabuhlungu. Ngokutsho kwengxelo yeWorld Health Organization, abantu abazizigidi ezisisi-1,6 nyaka ngamnye babulawa ngogonyamelo. EAfrika, kuqikelelwa ukuba kubantu abangama-100 000, nyaka ngamnye abangama-60,9 babulawa ngogonyamelo.
Abantu abaninzi, iindawo nemibutho eyayigqalwa njengekhuselekileyo ngoku igqalwa njengeyingozi. Ngokomzekelo, amabala amaninzi emidlalo, izikolo, neevenkile ezininzi ngoku zijongwa njengeendawo zolwaphulo-mthetho oloyikekayo. Kwezinye iimeko iinkokeli zonqulo, oonontlalontle nootitshala—abantu abafanele bakhusele abanye—baye babadanisa abantu ababethembele kubo. Iingxelo zokuba aba bantu baxhaphaza abantwana ziye zabangela abazali bacinga kaninzi ngaphambi kokushiya abantwana babo kubanye babo. Amapolisa afanele akhusele abantu, kodwa kwezinye iindawo kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba amapolisa axhaphaze abantu aze alisebenzise kakubi igunya analo. Kwamanye amazwe isabakhathaza nangoku abantu into yokuba izalamane zabo ziye zanyamalala ebudeni beemfazwe zamakhaya ngoxa ziselugcinweni “lwamagosa okhuselo.” Ngoko ke, kwimimandla emininzi yehlabathi, kunokuba aphelise uloyiko, amapolisa namajoni aye abangela abantu boyika nangakumbi.
Incwadi ethi Citizens of Fear—Urban Violence in Latin America, ithi: “Abantu abahlala kwiidolophu ezingamakomkhulu kumazwe aseLatin America basoloko besoyika, bajamelene nezona meko ziyingozi emhlabeni. Kuloo mmandla mkhulu, abantu abamalunga namawaka ali-140 nyaka ngamnye babulawa kabuhlungu, yaye umntu omnye kwabathathu uye wahlaselwa ngokungqalileyo okanye ngandlel’ ithile ngogonyamelo.” Kwakhona kweminye imimandla yomhlaba, kubakho iingxwabangxwaba zobupolitika ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiidolophu ezingamakomkhulu. Xa ezi ngxwabangxwaba ziba nogonyamelo, abantu abaninzi basebenzisa eli thuba ukuze baphange iivenkile, nto leyo edla ngokubangela udushe olungakumbi. Abantu abaye kwiivenkile ezisezidolophini banokuzifumanisa bephakathi kwaloo mahlokondiba anomsindo.
Kumazwe amaninzi kuye kwakho umahluko omkhulu kumgangatho wokuphila wezityebi nowamahlwempu, nto leyo eye yabangela ukunganeliseki. Abantu abaninzi abaziva bebandezwe izinto ezisisiseko zokuphila baye baphanga abamelwane babo abazizityebi. Oku akukenzeki kwezinye iidolophu, kodwa imeko ibonakala isiya apho—akwaziwa nje ukuba oko kuza kwenzeka nini.
Xa kucingwa ngamasela nabantu abafuna ukubhukuqa izinto kusenokubonakala kusoyikisa, kodwa zikho nezinye izinto ezinxunguphalisayo nezibangela uloyiko.
Ukoyika Ukuhlaselwa Ngokwesini
Kwizigidi zamabhinqa, ukubizwa ngomlozi, ukubhantswa nokujongwa ngamehlo anyekileyo ziingxaki zemihla ngemihla. IAsia Week ithi: “Uhlolisiso lubonisa ukuba ibhinqa elinye kwamane laseJapan liye lahlaselwa ngokwesini esidlangalaleni, yaye ama-90 ekhulwini azo zonke ezo ziganeko zenzeka koololiwe. . . . Kuphela ngabantu ababini ekhulwini abathabatha amanyathelo xa behlaselwe. Inkoliso yabo bathulayo ithi yoyika abo babaxhaphazileyo.”
Ukuhlaselwa ngokwesini kuye kwanda kakhulu eIndiya. Enye intatheli yalapho ithi: “Nanini na ibhinqa liphuma endlwini yalo, liyoyika. Ngamaxesha onke abantu bathetha izinto ezilihlazo nezingamanyala.” Ingxelo evela kwisixeko esinabantu abaneqhayiya ngokuba nezitrato ezikhuselekileyo ithi: “Ingxaki ekwesi [sixeko] ayikho sezitratweni kodwa iseziofisini. . . . Amabhinqa angama-35 ekhulwini ekuye kwadliwan’ indlebe nawo athi akha ahlaselwa ngokwesini emsebenzini. . . . Amabhinqa angama-52 ekhulwini athi ngenxa yokoyika ukuhlaselwa ngokwesini emsebenzini akhetha ukufuna umsebenzi ongahlawuli kangako. . . apho aza kusebenza namabhinqa [kuphela].”
Ukoyika Ukudlwengulwa
Amabhinqa anezinto ezininzi azoyikayo kunokoyika nje ukulahlekelwa sisidima sawo. Maxa wambi ukuhlaselwa ngokwesini kuthetha ukusongelwa ngokudlwengulwa. Kuyaqondakala ukuba, ukudlwengulwa yinto amabhinqa ayoyika nangaphezu kokubulawa. Ibhinqa lingalindelanga lisenokuzibona lilodwa kwindawo elisenokucinga ukuba liza kudlwengulwa kuyo. Lisenokubona indoda elingayaziyo okanye elingayithembiyo. Lisenokuqalisa ukuba novalo njengoko liqalisa ukuhlola imeko. ‘Iza kwenza ntoni le ndoda? Ndinokubalekela phi? Ngaba ndifanele ndikhale kakhulu?’ Ukusoloko ejamelene nemeko enje kusenokuba yingozi kwimpilo yamabhinqa. Abantu abaninzi bakhetha ukungahlali ezidolophini okanye bangayi kwaukuya ezixekweni ngenxa yoloyiko olunjalo.
Incwadi ethi The Female Fear ithi: “Uloyiko, ukuxhalaba nokunxunguphala zizinto eziqhelekileyo kumabhinqa ahlala ezidolophini. Ukoyika kwamabhinqa ukudlwengulwa kuwenza asoloko evundlile, ephaphile yaye ethe qwa, nto leyo ewenza ahlale esoyika ukuba kukho umntu owalandelayo, ingakumbi ebusuku. Leyo . . . yinto amabhinqa angasoze ayeke ukuyoyika.”
Amabhinqa amaninzi ayabethwa. Phofu ke, ukoyika ukubethwa kuchaphazela phantse onke amabhinqa. IThe State of World Population 2000, iphephancwadi leZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, lithi: “Ehlabathini lonke, phantse ibhinqa elinye kwamathathu likhe labethwa, lanyanzelwa ukuba libe neentlobano zesini, okanye laxhatshazwa ngandlel’ ithile—yaye kwiimeko ezininzi ngumntu elimaziyo.” Oku akuphelelanga apho. Bangaphi abantu abahlala besoyika emakhayeni abo?
Ugonyamelo Ekhaya
Ukubethwa kwabafazi yinto embi eyenziwe ehlabathini lonke—yaye mvanje igqalwa njengolwaphulo-mthetho kwiindawo ezininzi. EIndiya enye ingxelo ithi “ubuncinane amabhinqa angama-45 ekhulwini angamaIndiya aye aqhwatywa ngempama, akhatywa okanye abethwa ngabayeni bawo.” Ukuxhatshazwa liqabane lomtshato yingxaki egqugqise ehlabathini lonke. IFederal Bureau of Investigation ithi amabhinqa amaninzi aneminyaka ephakathi kweli-15 nengama-44 ubudala eUnited States enzakala ekhaya kunokwenzakaliswa ziingozi zemoto, ukuphangwa nokudlwengulwa. Ugonyamelo lwasekhaya yinto enzulu ngakumbi kunokungavisisani nje ngamaxesha athile kuze kuphele sekuqhwatywana ngeempama. Amabhinqa amaninzi ahlala esoyika ukwenzakaliswa nokubulawa ekhaya. Uhlolisiso olwenziwe eKhanada lubonise ukuba ibhinqa elinye kwamathathu eliye labethwa ekhaya likhe loyika ukuba liza kubulawa. EUnited States, abaphengululi ababini bagqiba ngelithi: “Ikhaya yeyona ndawo iyingozi kumabhinqa yaye ngokuqhelekileyo yindawo yenkohlakalo nokungcungcuthekiswa.”
Kutheni emaninzi kangaka amabhinqa akule ngxaki? Abantu abaninzi bayazibuza: ‘Kutheni engafuni uncedo? Kutheni engahambi?’ Impendulo ikukuba, amaxesha amaninzi, eyona nto iphambili kukuba amabhinqa ayoyika ngenxa yokubethwa ekhaya. Amadoda axhaphaza abafazi alawula ngegqudu aze abathulise ngokubathembisa ngokubabulala. Enoba umfazi obethwayo sele elufuna uncedo, usenokungasoloko elufumana. Kukho umkhwa, nakubantu abaluthiyileyo olunye uhlobo logonyamelo, ukuyithabatha kancinane, ukuyityeshela okanye ukuyithethelela into yamadoda abetha abafazi. Kwakhona, xa ikwenye indawo le ndoda ixhaphaza umfazi isenokubonakala ithandeka. Abahlobo bayo basenokungakholelwa ukuba iyambetha umfazi wayo. Njengoko abantu bengakholelwa ukuba aba bafazi bayaxhatshazwa, yaye nabo bengenandawo yokubalekela, uninzi lwabo lucinga ukuba akukho nto lunokuyenza ngaphandle nje kokuhlala lusoyika.
Abafazi ababethwayo maxa wambi abawashiyayo amadoda abo bajamelana nenye ingxaki yokulandelwa. EMntla Merika uhlolisiso lwamvanje kumabhinqa aliwaka kwisithili saseLouisiana lubonise ukuba amabhinqa ali-15 ekhulwini athi aye alandelwa. Usenokuzicingela indlela oyika ngayo. Umntu oye wakusongela uqhubeka umbona naphi na apho uya khona. Ukutsalela umnxeba, uyakulandela, usoloko ekujongile yaye uyakulalela. Usenokude abulale nesilwanyana sakho sasekhaya osithandayo. Injongo yakhe kukukoyikisa!
Kusenokwenzeka ukuba le asiyonto uyoyikayo. Kodwa uloyiko lukuchaphazela njani oko ukwenzayo imihla ngemihla?
Ngaba Uloyiko Luyayichaphazela Indlela Ozenza Ngayo Izinto?
Ekubeni sihlala sisoyika, sisenokungayiqondi indlela uloyiko oluzichaphazela ngayo izigqibo esizenzayo imihla ngemihla. Kukangaphi usenza izinto uqhutywa luloyiko?
Ngaba ukoyika ugonyamelo kuye kwakukhokelela wena okanye ilungu lentsapho yakho ukuba likuphephe ukufika ekhaya ebusuku lihamba lodwa? Ngaba uloyiko luye lwakuchaphazela ukusebenzisa kwakho izithuthi zikawonke-wonke? Ngaba iingozi zokuhamba ziyawuchaphazela umsebenzi owamkelayo? Okanye ngaba ukoyika kwakho abantu osebenza nabo nabanye abakungqongileyo kuyawuchaphazela umsebenzi owukhethayo? Ngaba uloyiko luyayichaphazela indlela ozonwabisa ngayo? Ngaba mhlawumbi ukuba ndawonye namanxila namahlokondiba angalawulekiyo kuye kwakubangela ukuba ungakuthandi ukuya kwimidlalo nokuya kubukela amaqela athile omculo? Ngaba uloyiko luye lwazichaphazela izinto ozenzayo esikolweni? Kubazali abaninzi, ukoyika ukuba abantwana babo baza kuba ziinjubaqa yinto echaphazela indlela abasikhetha ngayo isikolo abantwana babo abafunda kuso, yaye luloyiko olubangela ukuba abazali abaninzi bakhethe ukuya kubaphuthuma abantwana babo kwisikolo esikumgama abanokuhamba ngeenyawo okanye bakhwele izithuthi zikawonke-wonke.
Enyanisweni, abantu bahlala besoyika. Kodwa okoko abantu babakho bebesoyika ugonyamelo. Ngaba sinokulindela ukutshintsha kwezinto? Ngaba ukuphela koloyiko kuyinto engenakwenzeka? Okanye ngaba sinesizathu esibambekayo sokulindela ukuba kwixesha elizayo akukho mntu uya koyika nantoni na embi?