Ukonwabisa Izihlwele Ngenkulungwane Yokuqala
Udushe lwabalandeli bemidlalo abasuka kwizixeko ezingabamelwane ezikumzantsi Itali, luye lwangxwelerha lwaza lwabulala abantu abaninzi kuquka nabantwana. Ngenxa yoku, abasemagunyeni bayalela ukuba iholo yemidlalo yeqonga ivalwe kangangeminyaka elishumi.
UDUSHE olufana nolu ayont’ intsha kumaphephandaba anamhlanje. Le ngxelo ingasentla yenzeka phantse kwiminyaka engama-2 000 eyadlulayo, ngexesha loMlawuli uNero. Umbhali-mbali waseRoma uTacitus uchaza olu dushe lwenzeka kwiholo yemidlalo yeqonga yasePompeii ngexesha lokhuphiswano lokulwa ngamakrele xa abemi basePompeii babesilwa nabalandeli bemidlalo abasuka kwisixeko esiselumelwaneni, iNuceria.
Kwinkulungwane yokuqala, ukuzonwabisa kwakuthandwa ngabantu abaninzi. Kwizixeko eziphambili zoLawulo lwaseRoma kwakukho iiholo zemiboniso, iiholo zemidlalo yeqonga, amabala emidlalo arhangqwe zizitulo kanti ezinye izixeko zazinazo zontathu ezo zinto. IAtlas of the Roman World, ithi: “Le midlalo yayinobungozi yaye abantu bayo babenyathelela phezulu yimincili . . . [kwaye] kwakububutyididi ligazi.” Inqwelo zamahashe zazinemibala eyahlukahlukeneyo yaye iqela ngalinye lalimelwa ngabantu bezopolitiko okanye basekuhlaleni. Abalandeli bale midlalo babevuk’ umnyele xa bebona iqela abalixhasayo. Iinqwelo zamahashe zazithandwa gqitha kangangokuba abantu babehombisa izindlu zabo ngemifanekiso yazo yaye abakhweli bamahashe babehlawulwa isityhwentywe semali.
Kwezi zixeko kwakubakho imilo yamakrele nemilo yabantu nezilwanyana zasendle, ngamanye amaxesha aba bantu babesilwa bengaxhobanga. Ngokutsho kombhali-mbali uWill Durant, “zaziphoswa phakathi kwezo zilo zifa liphango izihange ezigwetyiweyo, zinxityiswe iimfele zezilwanyana; ukufa kwakuhambisana neentlungu ezingathethekiyo.”
Ngokwenene, abo babekuqhwabel’ izandla ukuzonwabisa okungenabuthixo ngolu hlobo ‘iingqondo zabo zazisebumnyameni’ yaye ‘zazingasaziva konke konke ngokuziphatha.’ (Efese 4:17-19) Kwinkulungwane yesibini, uTertullian wabhala esithi: “Phakathi [kwamaKristu] akukho kwanto yakha yathethwa, yabonwa okanye yeviwa, efana nempambano yamabala arhangqwe zizitulo, ukungcola okwakusenziwa kwiiholo zemidlalo yeqonga okanye inkohlakalo ayayikho emabaleni.” Namhlanje, nawo amaKristu okwenyaniso akuphepha ngazo zonke iindlela ukuzonwabisa okunogonyamelo, kungakhathaliseki enoba kwiincwadi, kumabonwakude okanye kwimidlalo yekhompyutha, ayazi ukuba uYehova uthiye “nabani na othanda ugonyamelo.”—INdumiso 11:5.
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Imbasa yoloyiso yomqhubi wenqwelo yamahashe
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Indoda eqatywe ipeyinti ilwa nemazi yengonyama
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Iholo yemiboniso yeqonga yaseRoma ngenkulungwane yokuqala
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ICiudad de Mérida
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Ngasentla nangasezantsi ekhohlo: Museo Nacional de Arte Romano, Mérida