IKing James Version—Indlela Eyaduma Ngayo

KWELASENGILANI kuye kwaqhutywa imibhiyozo emininzi kulo nyaka, kuvuyelwa iminyaka engama-400 ikho inguqulelo yeBhayibhile iKing James ekwabizwa nangokuba yiAuthorized Version. Kuye kwaqukwa imbali yayo kwiinkqubo zikamabonwakude nezikanomathotholo kwaza kwenziwa iingqungquthela nezinye iintlanganiso.

INkosana uCharles yakhokela xa kwakubhiyozelwa eli gugu lesizwe elinegama likaKumkani uJames I waseNgilani. Noko ke, kwenzeka njani ukuba iKing James Version eyapapashwa ngoMeyi 1611 ithandwe kangaka ngabantu abathetha isiNgesi?

Ukuguqulela Kuthath’ Unyawo

Ngenkulungwane ye-16 abantu abaninzi baseYurophu babefuna ukwazi iimfundiso zeBhayibhile. Malunga neenkulungwane ezimbini ngaphambi koko, ngowe-1382 uJohn Wycliffe wayekhe wabangcamlisa abantu abathetha isiNgesi ngokuguqulela kwakhe iBhayibhile eyisusa kwisiLatini. Kwiinkulungwane ezimbini emva koko, abalandeli bakhe ekwakusithiwa ngamaLollards basasaza kulo lonke elo iinxalenye zeBhayibhile ezazikhutshelwe ngesandla.

Enye imbalasane yaba yiTestamente Entsha eyaguqulelwa ngumhlalutyi weBhayibhile uWilliam Tyndale. Wayiguqulela isuka kwisiGrike santlandlolo isiya kwisiNgesi ngowe-1525. Kungekudala emva koko, ngowe-1535 uMiles Coverdale wavelisa iBhayibhile yesiNgesi epheleleyo. Kunyaka ngaphambi koko, uHenry VIII wayishiya iCawa yamaKatolika. Ukuze abethelele igunya lakhe njengentloko yeCawa yaseNgilani, uHenry VIII wayalela ukuba kuguqulelwe iBhayibhile ngesiNgesi ibe loo Bhayibhile yabizwa ngokuba yiGreat Bible. Le Bhayibhile eyashicilelwa ngowe-1539 yayingumqulu omkhulu.

AmaPuritan namaProtestanti awayebaleke kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu aya kuhlala eGeneva, eSwitzerland. Ngowe-1560 kwaveliswa iGeneva Bible, eyiBhayibhile yesiNgesi yokuqala ekwakulula ukuyifunda ibe izahluko zayo zazineevesi. Yathunyelwa eNgilani ivela kumazwe aseYurophu ibe yakhawuleza yaziwa ngabantu abaninzi. Ekugqibeleni, iGeneva Bible yashicilelwa naseNgilani ngowe-1576. Iimaphu nenye inkcazelo yayikwenza kube lula ukuqonda le Bhayibhile. Kodwa ke yayibacaphukisa abanye kuba yayithetha nxamnye noopopu.

Ukujamelana Nocelomngeni

Ngenxa yokuba iGreat Bible ingazange yamkelwe ngabantu bonke nangenxa yokuba iGeneva Bible yayinezinto ezazingathandwa, kwagqitywa kwelokuba kwenziwe enye inguqulelo yeBhayibhile. Yayiza kuguqulelwa ngokusuka kwiGreat Bible. Lo msebenzi wokuguqulela wanikwa oobhishophu beCawa yaseNgilani yaye ngowe-1568 kwapapashwa iBishops’ Bible. Lo yayingumqulu omkhulu owawuqulethe imizobo emininzi. Kodwa abalandeli bakaCalvin ababengawathandi amagama achaza izikhundla zecawa abazange bakuthande ukusetyenziswa kwegama elithi “oobhishophu.” Ngenxa yoko, iBishops’ Bible ayizange yamkelwe ngabantu abaninzi eNgilani.

Emva kokuba ebekwe esihlalweni sobukumkani eNgilani ngowe-1603,a uKumkani uJames I wayalela ukuba kwenziwe enye inguqulelo yeBhayibhile. Wathi ifanele isuswe kuyo nayiphi na inkcazelo engathandwayo ngabantu, ukuze yamkelwe ngabo bonke.

UKumkani uJames wawuxhasa lo msebenzi. Ekugqibeleni, iingcali ezingama-47 ezazivela kwiinxalenye ezintandathu zelizwe zaqalisa ukubhala le nguqulelo. Ezi ngcali zeBhayibhile zahlaziya iBishops’ Bible zisebenzisa iBhayibhile kaTyndale nekaCoverdale. Noko ke, zaphinda zasebenzisa neGeneva Bible kunye neRheims New Testament yowe-1582.

NoJames ngenkqu wayengumphengululi weBhayibhile ohlonelwayo yaye nabaguquleli bakuvuma oko kuba bathi iBhayibhile yabo bayinikezela “kwinkosana ephakamileyo nenamandla, uJames.” Njengentloko yeCawa yaseNgilani, uJames kwakusithiwa ufuna ukumanyanisa olu hlanga.

Inguqulelo Esemagqabini

Abefundisi bavuya xa ukumkani wabo wabanika iBhayibhile “eyayifanele ifundwe eziCaweni.” Noko ke, Ngaba uhlanga lwaluza kuyamkela le nguqulelo yeBhayibhile intsha?

Kumaphepha okuqala enguqulelo yabo, abaguquleli bachaza ukuba babengaqinisekanga ukuba yayiza kwamkelwa kusini na inguqulelo yabo. Noko ke, iKing James Version yamkelwa ngabantu nangona kwathatha iminyaka emalunga nama-30 ngaphambi kokuba abantu bayithande ngaphezu kweGeneva Bible.

IThe Bible and the Anglo-Saxon People ithi: “Ngelo xesha, yayiyeyona nguqulelo isemthethweni kodwa eyona nto yayiyenza yamkeleke ngakumbi yindlela eyayiguqulelwe ngayo.” IThe Cambridge History of the Bible ithi: “Ngokwendlela eyayibhalwe ngayo, yayibonakala ililizwi likaThixo elingangxengwanga; uninzi lwamaKristu athetha isiNgesi ayesithi sisinyeliso ukutshintsha nantoni na ebhalwe kwiKing James Version.”

Yafikelela Eziphelweni Zomhlaba

Abantu abafuduka kwelaseNgilani besiya kuMntla Merika bahamba neGeneva Bible. Noko ke, kamva iKing James Version yathandwa kakhulu kwelaseMerika. Njengoko uBukhosi bamaNgesi babukhula emhlabeni, abathunywa bevangeli abangamaProtestanti bayisasaza le Bhayibhile. Ekubeni abaguquleli abaninzi babengasazi isiHebhere nesiGrike eyayibhalwe ngazo iBhayibhile, kwasetyenziswa iKing James Version yesiNgesi xa kuguqulelwa.

IBritish Library ithi namhlanje, “iKing James ekwabizwa ngokuba yiAuthorised Version iseyeyona Bhayibhile yesiNgesi isasazwa ngokubanzi.” Kuqikelelwa ukuba zingaphezu kwebhiliyoni iikopi zeKing James Version eziye zashicilelwa ehlabathini lonke.

Ixesha Lotshintsho

Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, abantu abaninzi bebesithi yiKing James Version kuphela iBhayibhile echanileyo. Ngowe-1870, le nguqulelo yaqalisa eNgilani. Kamva kuhlaziyo lwaseMerika lwale English Revised Version lwaphumela ekubeni kupapashwe iAmerican Standard Version.b Kwiphepha lokuqala leRevised Authorised Version yowe-1982 kwathiwa, kuzanywe konke okusemandleni ukuze “kuqinisekwe ukuba iguqulelwe ngendlela efanayo neAuthorised Version” yowe-1611.

Nangona iBhayibhile iseyeyona ncwadi ithengwa kakhulu emhlabeni—yaye iKing James Version iseyeyona ithandwayo—uNjingalwazi uRichard G. Moulton wathi: “Senze konke ebesinokukwenza ngale mibhalo yesiHebhere nesiGrike. . . . Siye sayiguqulela saza sazihlaziya iinguqulelo zayo. . . Inye kuphela into ekusafuneka siyenzile ngeBhayibhile: kufuneka siyifunde.”

Licacile elokuba iKing James Version yinguqulelo esemagqabini, exatyiswayo nethandwayo ngenxa yendlela ebhalwe ngayo. Kodwa ke kuthekani ngokubaluleka koko kubhalwe kuyo? Izinto eziphefumlelweyo ezibhalwe eBhayibhileni zichaza isicombululo seengxaki zamaxesha anzima esiphila kuwo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ukhetha yiphi na inguqulelo, amaNgqina kaYehova angathanda ukukunceda uqonde oko kuthethwa yiBhayibhile.

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]

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IAMERICAN STANDARD VERSION

Ngowe-1901, kwapapashwa iAmerican Standard Version, yaye yayisekelwe kwiKing James Version. Kwingabula zigcawu yayo kuthiwa: “Siyayiqonda indlela esemagqabini ngayo inguqulelo ekuthiwa yiAuthorized [okanye iKing James] Version nendlela enamandla ngayo ebantwini.” Sekunjalo, iAmerican Standard Version yenza utshintsho oluphawulekayo.

Iphepha elisekuqaleni licacisa oku: “Emva kokucingisisa nzulu, Abahlaziyi BaseMerika bafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba isithethe samaYuda sokungalibizi igama likaThixo asifanele sihlonelwe xa kuguqulelwa ngesiNgesi okanye kwezinye iinguqulelo zeTestamente Endala, njengokuba kusenziwa nakwiinguqulelo eziliqela zabathunywa bevangeli bale mihla.”

Oku akuthethi kuthi igama likaThixo, uYehova, alikho kwaukubakho kwiKing James Version. Liyavela kwiivesi ezine njengakwiEksodus 6:3; kwiNdumiso 83:18; kuIsaya 12:2 nakuIsaya 26:4. Noko ke, kwiAmerican Standard Version yowe-1901 eli gama laye labuyiselwa kwiindawo elalibhalwe kuzo yaye livela kangangezihlandlo ezingama-7 000.

[Umfanekiso]

1901

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UKUHLANGABEZANA NENTSWELO EKHETHEKILEYO

Ngowe-1907 kwashicilelwa inguqulelo yaBafundi beBhayibhile yeKing James Version eUnited States kusenzelwa iWatch Tower Bible and Tract Society. Yayinesihlomelo esasibizwa ngokuba “yiBerean Bible Teachers’ Manual.” Kamva amaNgqina kaYehova aziprintela ngokwawo iKing James Version. Ngowe-1992, amaNgqina ayesele eshicilele iikopi ezisisi-1 858 368.

[Umfanekiso]

1907

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INGUQULELO EXABISEKILEYO YEZI MINI

Kule minyaka ingama-50 idluleyo zininzi iinguqulelo zeBhayibhile (ezinye beziprintwe ngeelwimi ezahlukahlukeneyo) eziye zapapashwa. INguqulelo Yehlabathi Elitsha YeZibhalo Ezingcwele iye yaxatyiswa kakhulu ngabantu abaninzi. Kuye kwasasazwa iinxalenye okanye iikopi zayo ezipheleleyo ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezili-170 ngeelwimi ezili-100. Iimaphu, isalathisi magama nesihlomelo esikwiNguqulelo Eneembekiselo siye sanceda abafundi bakuqonda bhetele oko kuthethwa yiBhayibhile ngemihla yethu.

[Umfanekiso]

1961

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1611

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