Ukuhlasela Ngekhompyutha!
YIBA nomfanekiso-ngqondweni weengcali zeekhompyutha zisebenzisa i-Intanethi ukulawula iinkqubo zeekhompyutha eziye zazithimba. Lo mkhosi weekhompyutha ubizwa ngokuba ziibotnet (robot networks), uthumela iintsholongwane eziyingozi zekhompyutha ukuze uhlasele ilizwe elithile. Kwimizuzu nje engephi kusala kuthe waca kwelo lizwe, umkhosi, izimali, neWebhsayithi. Akusebenzi noomatshini bokukhupha imali nabefowuni. Inqwelo-moya ziyathotywa, zize iinkqubo zekhompyutha ezijongene nokhuseleko kumzi-mveliso wenyukliya ziphazamiseke. Abantu bebeya kusabela njani? Yintoni ebebeya kuyenza? Yintoni wena ubuya kuyenza?
Mhlawumbi uthi le yinto engenakuze yenzeke. Kodwa, uRichard A. Clarke, owayesakuba nguMnxibelelanisi Wokhuseleko Lelizwe, Ukhuseleko Lweziseko Nanxamnye Nobunqolobi eUnited States, ubonisa ukuba into enjalo inokwenzeka ngokoqobo. Enyanisweni, lukhe lwakho uhlaselo ngeekhompyutha.a Mhlawumbi, nawe ukhe walixhoba.
Yintoni enokubangela ukuba umntu ahlasele ngekhompyutha? Lwenziwa njani olo hlaselo? Ekubeni iqhelekile into yokuba oku kwenziwe kwikhompyutha yomntu ngamnye, unokuzikhusela njani kulo?
Idabi Leekhompyutha
Zininzi izinto ezibangela ukuba abantu bahlasele ngekhompyutha. Ngokomzekelo, abanqolobi okanye oorhulumente, basenokuzama ukungena kumajelo eekhompyutha zeentshaba zabo ukuze bebe imfihlelo okanye bonakalise izixhobo ezilawulwa ngezo khompyutha. Ngowama-2010, uSekela Mphathiswa Womkhosi WaseUnited States, uWilliam J. Lynn III wavuma ukuba “iintshaba” zikhe zahlasela ngokufuthi zaza zangena kwiikhompyutha zemicimbi eyimfihlo yeUnited States, zemka “namawaka eefayile” . . . kuquka iiplani zokwenza izixhobo, iiplani zokuhlasela, nenye inkcazelo yobuntlola.”—Funda ibhokisi ethi “Uhlaselo Lwakutshanje.”
Izaphuli-mthetho zekhompyutha zisebenzisa iindlela ezifanayo ukuze zibe imihlaba okanye inkcazelo yemali kwiikhompyutha zamashishini nakwezabantu. Ingxelo ibonisa ukuba nyaka ngamnye izaphuli-mthetho zigutyula iibhiliyoni zeerandi zisebenzisa ikhompyutha.
Imiguvela isebenzisa udederhu lweekhompyutha eye yakwazi ukungena kuzo ukuze yenze ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ngowama-2009, enye inkampani yokhuseleko lweIntanethi yafumana iqela lemigewu eyangena yalawula iikhompyutha ezimalunga nezigidi ezibini, ezinye zazo izezobuqu zabantu. Kutshanje, iOrganization for -Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) iye yaqikelela ukuba ikhompyutha enye kwezintathu ezisebenzisa i-Intanethi ilawulwa ngamasela. Kuthekani ngeyakho? Ngaba inokulawulwa ngomnye umntu ube wena ungazi?
Iinkqubo Ezisebenza Kwikhompyutha Yakho Ungazi
Khawube nalo mfanekiso-ngqondweni. Isaphuli-mthetho sithumela inkqubo eyingozi kwikhompyutha yakho ngeIntanethi. Xa ifika kwikhompyutha yakho, ikhangela iantivirus ozikhusele ngayo ube wena ungazi. Xa ifumana ikroba lokungena, izibetha phakathi ize ikhangele inkcazelo ebalulekileyo.b Emva koko, inokutshintsha okanye icime iifayile zakho, ize ithumele iie-mail kwezinye iikhompyutha, okanye ithumele ipassword yakho, iinkcukacha zemali, okanye inkcazelo eyimfihlo kweso saphuselane ibivela kuso.
Iikhompyutha zezaphuli-mthetho zinokukwenza uyityhefe ngokwakho ikhompyutha yakho! Njani? Zikuthumelela ie-mail enoxwebhu, unokucofa kwilinki ekukhomba kwiWebhsayithi ethile, ukhuphele uze ufake iinkqubo zekhompyutha zasimahla kwikhompyutha yakho, ufake isixhobo sokugcina inkcazelo okanye uvule iWebhsayithi ongaqinisekanga ngayo. Zonke ezi ndlela zinokuza neentsholongwane atsho ke akwazi ukungena kwikhompyutha yakho ayilawule loo mgewu bezithunyelwe nguye.
Unokwazi njani ukuba ikhompyutha yakho inentsholongwane? Kunokuba nzima ukuyibona. Ikhompyutha yakho okanye i-intanethi inokucotha, izinto ezithile zingasebenzi, kumane kuvela iibhokisi ezithi cofa ufake iinkqubo ezithile, okanye ikhompyutha yakho isebenze ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Ukuba sele uzibona ezinye zezi mpawu, funa ingcungela enokuthenjwa ukuze ikuncede.
‘Waqwalasele Amanyathelo Akho’
Njengokuba amazwe nabantu besiya bexhomekeka ngakumbi kubugcisa bekhompyutha, ziza kuxhaphaka ngakumbi neentlaselo ngekhompyutha. Ngoko ke, amazwe amaninzi azama ukuphucula iindlela zawo zokuzikhusela, yaye amanye avavanya iikhompyutha zawo ukuze aqiniseke ukuba anokumelana kusini na nolu hlaselo. Sekunjalo, uSteven Chabinsky ingcali ngokhuseleko lweekhompyutha kwiFederal Bureau of Investigation yaseUnited States uvuma athi: “Lo gama nje imigewu inexesha, kukho nezinto eziyikhuthazayo nemali eyaneleyo, ezi ntshaba zingabuyi ngamva ziseza kuqhubeka ziphumelela kolu hlaselo lwazo.”
Yintoni ke onokuyenza ukuzikhusela? Nakuba ungenakuzikhusela ngokupheleleyo kwi-Intanethi, unokuthatha amanyathelo asengqiqweni ukuze uzikhusele. (Funda ibhokisi ethi “Zikhusele!”) IBhayibhile ithi: “Onobuqili uyawaqwalasela amanyathelo akhe.” (IMizekeliso 14:15) Licebiso elihle gqitha elo xa uza kusebenzisa i-Intanethi!
[Imibhalo esemazantsi]
a Abahlaseli ngeekhompyutha baye bazame ukutshintsha, bephazamisa okanye betshabalalisa iinkqubo zekhompyutha, kuquka inkcazelo ekuzo.—IU.S. National Research Council.
b Ngowama-2011, kuthiwa imigewu yahlasela iindawo ezingaphezu kwama-45 000 ezaziwayo ukuba zibuthathaka kwikhompyutha. Ingena ngaloo manxeba, idla ngokuthumela iinkqubo zayo eziyingozi (malware) kwiikhompyutha zabantu bengazi.
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Izaphuli-mthetho ziye zahlasela ngemikhosi emikhulu yekhompyutha ezingene kuzo
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Ngokutsho kweOECD, ikhompyutha enye kwezintathu ezisebenzisa i-Intanethi ilawulwa ngumgewu
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UHLASELO LWAKUTSHANJE
Ngowama-2003: Intsholongwane yeekhompyutha iSlammer yasasazeka ngokubanzi isebenzisa i-Intanethi, yaza yatyhefa phantse iikhompyutha ezingama-75 000 kwimizuzu nje elishumi.c I-Intanethi yacotha gqitha, iiWebhsayithi zafa, Oomatshini bokukhupha imali bema, iinqwelo-moya zathotywa, kwaphazamiseka iikhompyutha zokhuseleko nezomzi-mveliso wenyukliya.
Ngowama-2007: Uthotho lohlaselo lwajoliswa kwiEstonia, lwantlitha urhulumente, amajelo osasazo neebhanki. Uhlaselo oluninzi lwenziwa ngeekhompyutha ekungenwe kuzo ngondlela-mnyama (botnets), zaza iikhompyutha ezingaphezu kwesigidi kumazwe angama-75 zathumelelana imiyalezo zicela inkcazelo.
Ngowama-2010: Intsholongwane entsonkothileyo ekuthiwa (yiStuxnet) yantlitha iinkqubo zokulawula umzi-mveliso wenyukliya yaseIran.
[Umbhalo osemazantsi]
c Iintsholongwane zekhompyutha ziinkqubo eziyingozi ezityhutyha iikhompyutha eziliqela zihamba ngeIntanethi. Njengezinye iinkqubo zekhompyutha, iintsholongwane zekhompyutha zithiywa amagama, ngokomzekelo enye kuthiwa yiSlammer.
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ZIKHUSELE!
1. Faka kwikhompyutha yakho iantivirus, ispyware-detection, nefirewall. Zigcine zisexesheni yaye zikhuselekile.
2. Cinga ngaphambi kokuba ucofe indawo ekukhomba kwenye okanye uvule uxwebhu oluze ne-email okanye i-instant message—enoba zivela kubahlobo. Umele ulumke xa ufumana ie-mail ongayilindelanga nefuna inkcazelo yobuqu okanye ipasswords.
3. Ungaze ufake inkqubo okanye uyisebenzise xa ungayazi ukuba ivela phi.
4. Sebenzisa iipassword enoonobumba abasibhozo ubuncinane, uquke amanani neempawu, yaye uyitshintshe rhoqo. Sebenzisa ipassword eyahlukileyo kwiakhawunti nganye.
5. Xa usenza ushishino ngeIntanethi, lwenze neenkampani ezaziwayo nezikhuselekileyo kuphela.d
6. Musa ukukhupha inkcazelo yakho eyimfihlo okanye iakhawunti yakho xa usebenzisa iWi-Fi engakhuselekanga, njengaxa ukwindawo kawonke wonke.
7. Yicime ikhompyutha xa ungayisebenzisi.
8. Rhoqo zenzele iikopi zefayile uze uzigcine.
[Umbhalo osemazantsi]
d KwiWebhsayithi enjalo kubakho uphawu lwesitshixo noluthi “https://” luthetha ukuba ikhuselekile. Uphawu oluthi “s” lubonisa ukuba ikhuselekile.
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Yenza konke onako ukuze ukhuseleke xa usebenzisa i-Intanethi