“Yibani Ngcwele . . . ”
“Ngokokwalowo ungcwele wanibizayo, nibe ngcwele nani ngokwenu kuyo yonke ihambo. Ngenxa enokuba kubhaliwe kwathiwa, Yibani ngcwele, ngokuba ndingcwele mna.”—1 PETROS 1:15, 16.
1, 2. (a) Ngawaphi amagama akhumbuzayo awayesekuhleni elunkontshweni lombingeleli omkhulu, ibe yayiyintoni injongo yawo? (b) Kutheni ukukhunjuzwa ngobungcwele bukaYehova kufanelekile nje namhlanje? (c) UPetros unikela siphi isiluleko ngokuphathelele ubungcwele?
“UBUNGCWELE bobukaYehova.” La magama avuselelayo ayesekuhleni ukuze abonwe nguwonke wonke, ekrolwe kwinkcenkce yegolide ecocekileyo eyayibotshelelwe elunkontshweni olwaluthwalwa ngumbingeleli omkhulu wakwaSirayeli. (Eksodus 28:36-38, [NW]) Ayesisikhumbuzo esiqaqambileyo sokuba amaSirayeli ayenqula uThixo ococekileyo nongcwele, ngokungafaniyo neentlanga ezingabahedeni ezazinqula oothixo abangacocekanga.
2 Ukuba sele ungomnye wamaNgqina kaYehova, ngaba uyayiqonda indlela amsulwa, acoceke, angcwele nalilungisa ngayo uThixo omnqulayo? Ukukhunjuzwa ngenyaniso ecace ngolo hlobo kusenokungabonakali kuyimfuneko kangako. Ngapha koko, njengabantu bakaYehova, siye sasikelelwa ngokutyhilelwa ‘iinzulu zikaThixo’—iziprofeto zeBhayibhile ezintsonkothileyo, indlela yokusebenzisa imigaqo yeBhayibhile, imfundiso yeBhayibhile. (1 Korinte 2:10; thelekisa uDaniyeli 12:4.) Kanti, kucacile ukuba bambi ababuxabisi ngokusuk’ entliziyweni ubungcwele bukaYehova. Kutheni sisitsho njalo nje? Kungenxa yokuba nyaka ngamnye amawakawaka abantu agaxeleka kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zokuziphatha okubi. Amawakawaka angakumbi azibizel’ intlekele ngokwenza izinto eziwabeka emngciphekweni wokwaphula umthetho weBhayibhile. Kucacile ukuba, bambi ababuqondi ubunzulu bamazwi akweyoku-1 kaPetros 1:15, 16: “Ngokokwalowo ungcwele wanibizayo, nibe ngcwele nani ngokwenu kuyo yonke ihambo. Ngenxa enokuba kubhaliwe kwathiwa, Yibani ngcwele, ngokuba ndingcwele mna.”
UThixo Ongcwele, Abanquli Abangcwele
3. Ingoma kaMoses ibonisa ntoni ngoYehova?
3 Usenokuthi, ‘Umntu ongafezekanga—abe ngcwele? Unotshe!’ Phofu ke, khawuqwalasele imvelaphi yesiluleko sikaPetros. Apha umpostile ucaphula amazwi awaqala athethwa kuSirayeli nje emva kokuba Efudukile eYiputa. Ngenxa yoku kuhlangula kungummangaliso, uYehova waye waziwa njengoMhlanguli, uMzalisekisi wamadinga, ‘indoda elwayo.’ (Eksodus 3:14-17; 15:3) Kwingoma yokukhumbuza ukutshatyalaliswa kwamaYiputa kuLwandle Olubomvu, uMoses ngoku watyhila kwanolunye uphawu lukaYehova: “Ngubani na onjengawe phakathi koothixo, Yehova? Ngubani na onjengawe, wena uvethe ubungcwele.” (Eksodus 15:11) Esi sisihlandlo sokuqala esabhalwayo obathi ubungcwele babalelwa kuYehova.
4. (a) UYehova “uvethe ubungcwele” ngayiphi indlela? (b) Ngaloo ndlela uYehova wayahluke njani koothixo baseKanan?
4 Amagama esiHebhere nawesiGrike aguqulelwe ngokuthi “ngcwele” eBhayibhileni adlulisela ingcamango yokuba ‘nobuqaqawuli, ukuba mtsha, ukuhlaziyeka, ukungabi nabala nokucoceka.’ Ngaloo ndlela uMoses wamchaza uYehova njengococeke ngokugqibeleleyo, ongenasiphako, ongenakonakala, nongenakuyinyamezela nanini na into engcolileyo. (Habhakuki 1:13) UYehova wayahluke ngokupheleleyo koothixo beli lizwe ekwakusele kumbovu ukuba amaSirayeli ahlale kulo—iKanan. Amaxwebhu avunjululwa eRas Shamra, eyidolophu ethe ngcu kumantla onxweme lwaseSiriya, anikela amavandlakanya angengako kodwa ke noko akhanyisa okuthile mayela netempile ekwakugcinwa kuyo oothixo bamaKanan. Ngokutsho kwencwadi iThe Canaanites kaJohn Gray, le mibhalo ichaza oothixo “ababexabanisa, ababenomona, ababenenqala, ababenenkanuko.”
5, 6. (a) Ukunqula oothixo abangcolileyo kwawachaphazela njani amaKanan? (b) Ukunqula uThixo ongcwele kwawachaphazela njani amaSirayeli?
5 Kwaxelwa kwangaphambili ukuba, isiko lamaKanan lalifanekisela oothixo abangcolileyo ababenqulwa apho. IThe Religion of the People of Israel icacisa isithi: “Ukulinganisa uthixo othile kwakujongwa njengokunqula loo thixo. . . . [Uthixokazi wesini] uAshtart wayenabakhonzi abaliqela abangamadoda nabangamabhinqa ababechazwa njengabantu abazinikeleyo . . . babezinikele kwinkonzo yakhe yokuhenyuza.” Umphengululi uWilliam F. Albright wongezelela ngelithi: “Noko ke, eyona nto ibambis’ amazinyo kukuba inkalo engemilinganiselo yokuziphatha ngokwesini kunqulo lwabo imele ukuba yawuthoba isidima mpela umgangatho wentlalo.” Ukunqulwa kukaAshera ‘owayefanekisela ilungu lesini lobudoda,’ ukubingelelwa kwabantwana, umlingo, ukubopha ngoomabophe, ukuhenyuza, ubufanasini nokuba neentlobano zesini nezilwanyana—konke oku ‘yayikukwenza kwelizwe’ laseKanan.—Eksodus 34:13; Levitikus 18:2-25; Duteronomi 18:9-12.
6 Kwelinye icala, uYehova “uvethe ubungcwele.” Wayengenakukunyamezela ukuzithoba isidima okunjalo kubanquli bakhe. (INdumiso 15) Ngoko, ngokungafaniyo noothixo bamaKanan ababethoba isidima, uYehova wawuphakamisa umgangatho wabantu bakhe wokuziphatha. Ethetha amazwi awayezakuthi kamva acatshulwe nguPetros, ngokuphindaphindiweyo uYehova wababongoza esithi: “Yibani ngcwele; kuba ndiyiNgcwele mna, Yehova, uThixo wenu.”—Levitikus 11:44; 19:2; 20:26.
‘Umthetho Ungcwele, Unobulungisa, Ulungile’
7, 8. (a) AmaSirayeli ‘ayenokuba ngcwele’ njani? (b) Chaza indlela owahluke ngayo uMthetho kaYehova kwiNgqokelela yeMithetho kaHammurabi yaseBhabhiloni.
7 ‘Ukuba ngcwele’ kwabo kwakungathethi ukuba ngabafezekileyo okanye ukwenza inkwalambisa yokuba bahlonela uThixo; kwakuthetha ukuthobela ingqokelela yemithetho emininzi eyanikelwa kuSirayeli ngoMoses. (Eksodus 19:5, 6) Ngokwahlukileyo kuwo nawuphi na omnye umthetho wesizwe, uMthetho kaThixo wawunokuchazwa ‘njengongcwele, onobulungisa, olungileyo.’—Roma 7:12.
8 Liyinyaniso elokuba, Ingqokelela yeMithetho kaHammurabi yaseBhabhiloni ekuthiwa yabakho kuqala kunoMthetho kaMoses, yayigubungela imibandela ephantse ifane. Eminye yemithetho yayo iyafana nemigaqo kaMoses, njengomthetho ‘weliso ngeliso,’ okanye owesohlwayo sobubele. Ngaloo ndlela abagxeki bema ngelithi uMoses imithetho yakhe wayiboleka nje kwingqokelela yemithetho kaHammurabi. Phofu ke, ingqokelela yemithetho kaHammurabi yazukisa uHammurabi ibe yaphumeza izilangazelelo zakhe zobupolitika kuphela. UMthetho kaThixo wanikelwa kuSirayeli ukuze ‘kulunge kuye yonke imihla, alondolozelwe ebomini.’ (Duteronomi 6:24) Kwakhona abukho ubungqina bokuba umthetho kaHammurabi wawungonyanzelisa ukuba kuthotyelwe umthetho eBhabhiloni, usebenza ‘njengoncedo olungokwasemthethweni kubantu ababefuna ukucetyiswa.’ (The New Encyclopœdia Britannica, uhlelo lowe-1985, Umqulu 21, iphepha 921) Noko ke, uMthetho kaMoses wawunyanzelisa ibe wawuqulethe izohlwayo ezifanelekileyo kwabo bangathobeliyo. Okokugqibela, ingqokelela yemithetho kaHammurabi itsalela ingqalelo kwindlela yokusebenzisana nabenzi bobubi; kwimithetho yayo engama-280 mi-5 kuphela ethintela ngokungqalileyo. Phofu ke, eyona njongo yoMthetho kaThixo yayikukubathintela, kungekhona ukubohlwaya, abenzi bobubi.
9. Wawubaluleke njani uMthetho kaMoses kubomi bamaYuda?
9 Ngenxa yokuba ‘wawungcwele, unobulungisa, ulungile,’ uMthetho kaMoses waba ngobaluleke gqitha kubomi bamaYuda. Walulungelelanisa kakuhle unqulo lwawo, walungiselela iiSabatha zokunqumama emsebenzini, wabonisa indlela olwalunokuba noqoqosho ngayo olu hlanga, wandlala oko kwakufuneka kwenziwe ngokuphathelele isinxibo ibe wanikela ulwalathiso oluluncedo ngokuphathelele isondlo, indlela yokusebenzisa isini nangezempilo. UMthetho kaMoses wawukwaneenkcukacha ezimayela nokusebenza okuqhelekileyo komzimba.
“Umthetho KaYehova Unyulu”
10. (a) Kutheni le nto uMthetho wawubandakanya iinkalo zobomi ezininzi kangako? (b) UMthetho wawuphakamisa njani umgangatho wokucoceka ngokwasemzimbeni nowempilo entle? (Quka umbhalo osemazantsi.)
10 Imithetho enjalo eneenkcukacha ezingobomi bemihla ngemihla yayinenjongo ephakamileyo: ukwenza amaSirayeli acoceke—ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokomoya, ngokwengqondo nangokokuziphatha. Ngokomzekelo, imithetho eyayibayalela ukuba bahlambe umzimba, bagqumelele izinto ezikhutshwa ngumzimba, bamhlalise yedwa umntu onesifo esasulelayo, nokuba bangakutyi ukutya okuthile xa iyonke yawuphakamisa umgangatho wempilo nowokucoceka ngokwasemzimbeni.a—Eksodus 30:18-20; Levitikus, isahluko 11; 13:4, 5, 21, 26; 15:16-18, 21-23; Duteronomi 23:12-14.
11. Kwakuthetha ukuthini ukuba ngongakucocekelanga ukunqula?
11 Kanti, eneneni ukuba sempilweni entle nokucoceka kwakunganeno kokucoceka ngokomoya. Kungenxa yeso sizathu le nto umntu owayesithi mhlawumbi atye ukudla okwalelweyo, abe neentlobano zesini, okanye achukumise umzimba ofileyo wayejongwa njengongakucocekelanga ukunqula. (Levitikus, isahluko 11, 15; Numeri, isahluko 19) Ngaloo ndlela umntu ongacocekanga onjalo wayengavunyelwa ukuba nenxaxheba elunqulweni—ade maxa wambi abulawe! (Levitikus 15:31; 22:3-8) Kodwa ezo zinto zalelweyo zazinxulumene ngantoni nokucoceka ngokomoya?
12. Imithetho yokucoceka ngokusesikweni yawuphakamisa njani umgangatho wokucoceka ngokomoya?
12 Unqulo lobuhedeni lwalubalasele ngohenyuzo, ngokunqula izinyanya nangokuthanda amatheko angalawulekiyo. Kodwa iThe International Standard Bible Encyclopedia ivelisa le ngongoma: “Asikho isenzo esiphathelele isini esavunyelwa ukuba sibe yindlela yokunqula uYahweh. Ngoko ke, nasiphi na isenzo esinjalo esimayela nalo mbandela sasimenza ubani angacoceki . . . KwaSirayeli abafi babefumana imbeko ebafaneleyo, kodwa kwakungenzeki nangayiphi na indlela ukuba bahlonelwe ngokungafanelekanga okanye banqulwe . . . Kwakungenakwenzeka ngomSirayeli ukuba nobudlelane obubhekele phayaa nabamelwane abangabahedeni ngokuthi aye kwimisitho yabo, okwakuya kuquka amatheko anezidlo, kuba ukutya kwabo kwakuyinqambi.” Ngaloo ndlela imigaqo yoMthetho yamisa “udonga” oluwahlulayo kwimikhwa yonqulo engacocekanga.—Efese 2:14.
13. UMthetho wawuphakamisa njani umgangatho wokucoceka ngokwasengqondweni?
13 UMthetho wawukwasebenza nasekucocekeni kwengqondo yamaSirayeli. Ngokomzekelo, imimiselo yawo ephathelele iintlobano zesini kumaqabane atshatileyo yayimenza umntu acinge nzulu ngomtshato. (Levitikus 15:16-33) AmaSirayeli afunda ukuzeyisa ngokuphathelele imibandela yesini, enganikezeli kwinkanuko engalawulekiyo njengamaKanan. UMthetho wakwafundisa abo babebambelele kuwo ukulawula iimvakalelo neminqweno yabo, uyigweba ingcinga yokubawa.—Eksodus 20:17.
14. UMthetho kaThixo wawubalasele njani ekuphakamiseni umgangatho wokucoceka kokuziphatha?
14 Noko ke, okona kuphawuleka ngaphezu kwako konke yayikukugxininisa koMthetho kukucoceka kokuziphatha. Liyinyaniso elokuba, ingqokelela yemithetho kaHammurabi nayo yalugxeka ulwaphulo-mthetho olunjengokukrexeza. Phofu ke, inqaku elikwiThe Biblical Archaeologist lathi: “Ngokungafaniyo namaBhabhiloni nama-Asiriya awayekujonga ukukrexeza njengolwaphulo-mthetho kwinto elilungelo lomyeni kuphela, imithetho yeTestamente Endala ikwabhekisela kukukrexeza njengesono esinzulu sokuswel’ ukuziphatha.”
15. (a) Zekelisa indlela umSirayeli ekwakusenokufuneka enze umgudu omkhulu ngayo ukuze ahlale ecocekile. (b) Yawanceda njani amaSirayeli imigudu enjalo?
15 Ngoko, hayi indlela ayinyaniso ngayo amazwi omdumisi: “Umthetho kaYehova unyulu, ukhanyisela amehlo.” (INdumiso 19:8) Kuyavunywa ukuba, maxa wambi ukuhlala ucocekile kwakufuna umgudu omkhulu. Oomama abasebatsha, kwakufuneka benyukile baye eYerusalem ukuze bahlanjululwe, iiveki nje ezimbalwa emva kokuzala abantwana babo. (Levitikus 12:1-8; Luka 2:22-24) Amadoda nabafazi abatshatileyo kwakufuneka bazicoce ngokwesiko emva kokuba neentlobano zesini, kwanakwezinye iimeko ezifana naleyo. (Levitikus 15:16, 18; Duteronomi 23:9-14; 2 Samuweli 11:11-13) Ukuba babewuthobela ngengqiqo uMthetho baze bahlale becocekile, babeya ‘kuncedakala’—ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokwasengqondweni, ngokokuziphatha nangokomoya. (Isaya 48:17) Ngokubhekele phayaa, ukubaluleka nokuba nzulu kokuhlala becocekile kwakungenakuze kulibaleke kubo. Okona kubalulekileyo kukuba, imigudu enjalo yokunyaniseka ekulondolozeni ubungcwele yayiza kubenza bakholeke kuThixo.
Ukuba Ngabacocekileyo Kwihlabathi Elingacocekanga
16, 17. (a) Namhlanje amaKristu kufuneka ahlale ecocekile ukusa kuwuphi umlinganiselo? (b) Kutheni kunzima kangaka nje namhlanje ukuba sihlale sicocekile? (c) Abantu ababalulekileyo baye basilela njani ekumiseleni umzekelo omhle?
16 Ngoku sinokuwaxabisa ngakumbi amazwi kaPetros awawathetha kumaKristu esithi: “Ngokwabantwana bolulamo, ningamilisi okweenkanuko zangaphambili ekungazini kwenu; nithi ke, ngokokwalowo ungcwele wanibizayo, nibe ngcwele nani ngokwenu kuyo yonke ihambo. Ngenxa enokuba kubhaliwe kwathiwa, Yibani ngcwele, ngokuba ndingcwele mna.”—1 Petros 1:14-16.
17 Kuyavunywa ukuba, oku akuyondlwan’ iyanetha. Naphi na apho siphos’ iliso khona, sibona abantu abanobuqhetseba, abangathembekanga nabaziphethe kakubi ngokwesini. IThe New York Times yathi: “Baya besanda ngokwanda abemi baseMerika abakhetha umasihlalisane ngaphambi kokuba bazimanye ngeqhina lomtshato.” Kwanabantu ababalulekileyo bamisela umzekelo ombi. Bambi babona bantu badumileyo ehlabathini namhlanje kwezemidlalo, kwezobupolitika nasekuzihlaziyeni baziphatha kakubi ngokuphandle. Omnye umthandi wemidlalo wavakalisa ukuba buhlungu kwakhe esithi: “Kudanisa gqitha ukubona abantu obubathembile yaye ulandela umzekelo wabo beziphatha kakubi.” Yintoni le isuka ibe yingxaki? limbaleki ezidumileyo eziliqela zavuma ukuba zazisebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi. Hayi indlela abathi ngokufuthi ngayo abantu abawelwa phezulu baphile ubomi obungacocekanga, ewe, kwanobomi bokuziphatha okubi, njengabakrexezi, amahenyu, amafanasini angamadoda, amafanasini angamabhinqa, amasela, abaphangi namakhoboka eziyobisi! Basenokubonakala becocekile ngokwasemzimbeni, kodwa imilomo yabo izaliswe yintetho engcolileyo nengamanyala. Basenokude bayoliswe kukuhlekisa ngabantu abaziphethe kakuhle, beqhayisa ngokuziphatha kwabo okubi.
18. Abantu abaninzi abaziphethe kakubi ‘bakuvuna njani oko bakuhiwayeleyo’?
18 Kanti, awanakufane abethwe nje ngoyaba amazwi eBhayibhile athi: “UThixo yena asingowokuhlekisa [“UThixo akanakung’ong’ozelwa.”—Byington] Kuba into athe wahlwayela yona umntu, wovuna kwayona; ngokuba lowo uhlwayelela eyakhe inyama, wovuna ukonakala ngokwasenyameni.” (Galati 6:7, 8) Ukuziphatha okubi kudla ngokuphumela ekuguleni, okanye kwanasekufeni kamsinya, ubulawa zizifo ezinjengegcushuwa, idropsi neAIDS, xa sikhankanya nje izifo ezibalaseleyo. Ukungalungelelani kwengqondo nokweemvakalelo, ukudandatheka kwanokuzibulala maxa wambi kukwabangelwa yindlela evakalala yokuphila. Ngoko ngoxa abo baziphethe kakubi besenokubenza into yokuhlekisa abo bazama ukuzigcina becocekile, amazinyo aba zinyanda xa abagculeli beqalisa ‘ukuvuna oko bakuhiwayeleyo.’—Thelekisa amaRoma 1:24-27.
19, 20. Abefundisi beNgqobhoko baye bazingqina njani bengcolile ngokonqulo nangokokuziphatha?
19 Nathi siphila kwihlabathi elingcoliswe lunqulo. Abefundisi basenokunxiba izambatho ezintle, ezicocekileyo, kodwa bafundisa izenzo neemfundiso zaseBhabhiloni ezingacocekanga, njengokunqula izithixo, uBathathu Emnye, isihogo somlilo, ukungafi komphefumlo womntu nentlambululo-miphefumlo. Bafana neenkokeli zonqulo uYesu awathi ngazo: “Yeha, nina babhali, baFarisi, bahanahanisindini! Ngokuba nifana namangcwaba aqatywe ifutha, athi abonakale emahle okunene ngaphandle, kanti ngaphakathi azele ngamathambo abafileyo nokungcola konke. Ngokukwanjalo nani ngaphandle okunene nibonakala kubantu ningamalungisa, kanti ngaphakathi nizele luhanahaniso nokuchasene nomthetho.”—Mateyu 23:27, 28.
20 Abefundisi bade bakubethe ngoyaba ukungacoceki okuphakathi kwemihlambi yabo. Abantu abaziwa njengabaziphethe kakubi —amahenyu, abakrexezi, amafanasini—bayavunyelwa ukuba bahlale bengamalungu akholekileyo. INewsweek, ithi ngalo mbandela: “Ugqirha wengqondo uRichard Sipe waseMaryland, owayefudula engumfundisi, ugqiba kwelokuba abangama-20 ekhulwini kubefundisi bamaKatolika baseUnited States abangama-57 000 bangamafanasini . . . Ezinye iingcali zamayeza zicinga ukuba inani elichanileyo namhlanje lisondele kuma-40 ekhulwini.” Umfundisi wamaKatolika uJohn J. McNeill (olifanasini elivunyiweyo) ubuthethelela ngokuphandle ubufanasini esithi: “Ukuthandana kwamafanasini amabini angamabhinqa okanye amafanasini amabini angamadoda, xa kuthatyathwa njengokuthandana kwabantu okwakhayo, akusosono kungabatyekisi nabo bathandanayo kwinjongo kaThixo, kodwa kunokuba luthando olungcwele.”—The Christian Century.
21. Afaneleke njani kuthi namhlanje amagama akhumbuzayo athi “Ubungcwele BobukaYehova”?
21 Ngaloo ndlela amagama akhumbuzayo awayesekuhleni elunkontshweni lombingeleli omkhulu afaneleke ngakumbi kunanini na ngaphambili: “Ubungcwele bobukaYehova.” (Eksodus 28:36, [NW]) UYehova ufuna, ewe, uyalela, ukuba sihlale sicocekile ngandlela zonke! Kodwa ubani unokukwenza njani oko? Ziziphi iinkalo ekusenokufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokukhethekileyo? Inqaku elilandelayo liza kuxubusha ngale mibuzo.
[Umbhalo osemazantsi]
a Umthetho kaHammurabi wawungenawo amalungiselelo alolo hlobo; ingazange ibonwe nangetshengele ingqokelela yemithetho yezempilo efana neyomthetho kaMoses kumaYiputa amandulo, nangona ngokwentelekiso ayehambele phambili kwezamayeza. Incwadi iAncient Egypt ithi: “Oomabophe nemixube yobugqi iqukwe ngokukhululekileyo [kwiincwadi zamaYiputa zamayeza] nemiyalelo esengqiqweni ngokusetyenziswa kwayo.” Noko ke, okaThixo uMthetho wawungenayo impembelelo yeedemon kodwa wawusengqiqweni nangokwenzululwazi. Ngokomzekelo, kukumaxesha anamhla kuphela abathe oogqirha bakubona kuyimfuneko ukuhlamba emva kokuchukumisa izidumbu, nto leyo uMthetho kaMoses owayiyalela amawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo!—Numeri, isahluko 19.
Imibuzo Yempinda
◻ UYehova “uvethe ubungcwele” njani, yaye oku kuthetha ntoni kubakhonzi bakhe?
◻ UMthetho kaMoses wawahluke njani kwimithetho yazo zonke ezinye iintlanga?
◻ UMthetho kaMoses wawuphakamisa njani umgangatho wokucoceka ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokomoya, ngokwasengqondweni nangokokuziphatha?
◻ Abantu abaninzi abaziphethe kakubi ‘bakuvuna njani oko bakuhlwayeleyo’?
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 11]
Ukunqula kwamaKanan oothixo abangcolileyo kwakhokelela ekubeni azithobe isidima
[Inkcazelo]
Courtesy of the British Museum, London
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 12]
Umthetho kaHammurabi wezisa ucwangco kwelo lizwe waza wazukisa ukumkani, kodwa awuzange uwenze abe ngcwele amaBhabhiloni
[Inkcazelo]
ILouvre Museum yaseParis