Izithunywa Zezulu Kwixesha Elidluleyo Nelangoku
“Ngethuba leKrismesi zithi zizotywe kwimihombiso esiyixhoma emthini, okanye zibonakale kumaqweqwe eKrismesi—zingoonopopi begolide abanobuso obuhle, ababetha uhadi okanye abacof’ iorgan okanye abaphethe amakhandlela. Zinamaphiko amafutshane angqingqwa njengaweentakazana. Ngegama nje elinye kungathiwa, zinomtsalane.”—The Sunday Denver Post.
“NGOKUQHELEKILEYO izithunywa zeZulu azikhathalelwanga kwizikolo zemfundo yezakwalizwi, ibe akunikelwa ngqalelo kuzo kwisikolo seCawa yaye azikhankanywa nokukhankanywa kwisalathiso seNational Catechetical Directory, incwadi yesikhokelo nelungiselelwe imfundo engonqulo yamaKatolika eMerika.”
Lawo ngamazwi awathethwa nguCharles W. Bell, ongumhleli wezonqulo. Wathi bambi abefundisi, ingakumbi abeecawa eziphambili zamaProtestanti, baziva “bengakuthandi ukuthetha ngezithunywa zezulu yaye bengaqinisekanga ngazo.” INew Catholic Encyclopedia ithi abantu abacingayo banamhla bathi “yonke inkolelo yobukho bezithunywa zezulu imele itshitshiswe.”
Oku bekungasoloko kunjalo. Ngokomzekelo, ngenkulungwane ye-13, abaphengululi ababephanda ngezithunywa zezulu, isebe lezifundo zonqulo eliphanda ngezithunywa zezulu, kwakusithiwa bachukunyiswe ngokunzulu “yimo, bubukrelekrele nobuchule, bazo bokuzigqibela. Kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela, kwakude kuthandazwe “kwizithunywa ezingabalindi.” Kodwa, njengokuba kuchazwe ngasentla, isimo sengqondo sabantu siye saguquka ukususela ngoko.
Ngokutsho kweNew Catholic Encyclopedia, “kwiingcinga zabantu banamhla izithunywa zezulu . . . ziya zisiba zizinto nje zasentsomini, amabalana nje athetha ngoohili nezinto nje ezithelekelelwa ngabantwana.” Eneneni, phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-19, abantu abaninzi babengacingi kangako ngezithunywa zezulu njengezinxibelelene nonqulo kodwa babezinxulumanisa ngakumbi neengcamango zehlabathi ezingeyonyaniso. Namhlanje, kwanabantu abaninzi bazigqala njengezinto nje ezithelekelelwayo ngabantu; ngeso sizathu abantu abanjalo bayabukhanyela ubukho bezithunywa zezulu.
Izithunywa Zezulu Kwezinye linkonzo
Phofu ke, izithunywa zezulu zisenayo indawo kwezinye iinkonzo. Ngokomzekelo, iCawa yamaRoma Katolika “ikhuthaza abantu abathembekileyo ukuba bathande izithunywa zezulu, bazihlonele baze bacele uncedo kuzo.” Enyanisweni, ubuKatolika buye bazukisa abathathu abagqalwa bezizithunywa zezulu—uMikayeli, uGabriyeli noRaphael—ngokubenza iingcwele. URaphael uvela nje kuphela kwiincwadi Ezithandatyuzwayo yaye akafumaneki eBhayibhileni.
Kwiicawa zobuOrthodox baseMpuma, izithunywa zezulu zibaluleke kwimithandazo ethile, ekuthi kuyo kwenziwe izibongozo okanye izicelo, nekuthi kuyo kuvakale iincwina ezenziwa ngabantu ebandleni. Kwakhona izithunywa zezulu zinendawo kumaSilamsi, njengoko inkolelo kwizithunywa zezulu isiba yenye yeenkolelo ezisisiseko kwimfundiso yonqulo lwamaSilamsi.
Sekunjalo, akukho mathandabuzo ekubeni kumhla wethu inkolelo kubukho bezithunywa zezulu iya iphela ngokuphela.
Ngaba Uyakholelwa Kwizithunywa Zezulu?
Ithetha ngokukholelwa kwizithunywa zezulu, iNew Catholic Encyclopedia ithi: “Ngokuthe ngcembe . . . emva kwethuba elide lokwenza inkqubela-phambili nelokucikida . . . okwenziwa ngokuqikelelwa kweengcamango ezikwiZibhalo Ezingcwele, kwathi kwabakho iingcamango ezingezithunywa zezulu ezithe, kungaqinisekwanga kangako ngazo, zaba yimfundiso yeCawa.” [Akekeliswe sithi.] Ubunganenkolelo eyomelele kangakanani ukuba ubusazi ukuba ukholo lwakho belusekelwe ‘kwinto eqikelelwayo’?
Okubangel’ umdla kukuba, kwaneCawa yamaKatolika ineengcinga ezahlukahlukeneyo ngalo mbandela. Ngokuphathelele ixesha ezadalwa ngalo izithunywa zezulu, iEnciclopedia de la Religión Católica ichaza isithi: “linkokeli zeecawa zamaGrike zinoluvo lokuba izithunywa zezulu zadalwa ngaphambi kokubakho kweli hlabathi libonakalayo, kodwa iinkokeli zeecawa zesiLatin zinoluvo oselude lwaqheleka lokuba zadalwa emva kokudalwa kwehlabathi. Sekunjalo, uluvo oluxhaswa ngabantu abaninzi lolu lokuba zadalwa ngaxeshanye nehlabathi.” Ukungaqiniseki okulolo hlobo kubangela ukuba iingqondo zabantu zidideke yaye kunceda ekuphembeleleni utyekelo lokungabi nankolelo kuzo namhlanje.
Isithandi sobulumko esingumYuda, uPhilo, sagxininisa ukuba izithunywa zezulu “zaziziimbonakaliso nje namandla endalo iphela.” Kwiminyaka edluleyo, abefundisi baye baxoxa ngezibakala ezif’ amanqe ezibhekisele kwimo neempawu zezithunywa zezulu, ezifana nemibuzo engabalulekanga enjengalo, Zingaphi izithunywa zezulu ezinokuma encamini yenaliti? Ngaba kuyamangalisa ukuba abantu abaninzi kwimihla yethu baye bakhetha ukungakholelwa kwizithunywa zezulu?
Ngenxa yazo zonke ezi ngcamango ziphikisanayo, kutheni ungahlolisisi oko iBhayibhile ikutshoyo ngezithunywa zezulu? Oku kuya kusinceda ukuba sifumane iimpendulo eziqinisekileyo mayela nemibuzo enjengale: Ngaba zikho ngokwenene izithunywa zezulu? Ukuba kunjalo, ngaba zakhe zabandakanyeka kwimicimbi yomntu? Kwaye, okubaluleke ngakumbi kukuba, ngaba izithunywa zezulu zinokubuchaphazela ubomi bakho?