“Indlu KaDavide”—Yintsomi Okanye Yinyaniso?

UDAVIDE—inkwenkwana engumalusi eyaba yimvumi, imbongi, umphumi-mkhosi, umprofeti, nokumkani—kuthethwa ngaye eBhayibhileni njengobalaseleyo. Igama lakhe likhankanywa izihlandlo ezili-1 138; ibinzana elithi “iNdlu kaDavide”—ngokufuthi elibhekisela kumnombo wobukhosi bukaDavide—lisetyenziswa izihlandlo ezingama-25. (1 Samuweli 20:16) Ngaba uKumkani uDavide nomnombo wobukhosi bakhe wawuyintsomi? Yintoni etyhilwa zizinto ezifunyenwe ngabembi bezinto zakudala? Into ephawulekayo esandul’ ukufunyanwa ngabo bebesemba izinto zakudala kwibala eliseTel Dan kumantla eGalili ichazwa njengexhasa imbali kaDavide nomnombo wobukhosi bakhe.

Ngehlobo lowe-1993, iqela labembi bezinto zakudala, elalikhokelwe nguNjingalwazi Avraham Biran, latshenta kwindawo eyayingaphandle kwisango elingaphandle kweDan yamandulo. Lafumana ibala eligangathiweyo. Ngokulula lasusa ilitye elilukhuni elimnyama elalivele emhlabeni. Xa eli litye laguqulwayo lajongiswa kwilanga lasemva kwemini, amagama acaca. UNjingalwazi Biran wadanduluka wathi: “Owu, Thixo wam, sifumene umbhalo!”

UNjingalwazi Biran nalowo asebenza naye, uNjingalwazi Joseph Naveh weHebrew University eYerusalem, ngokukhawuleza babhala ingxelo engokwenzululwazi ngaloo mbhalo. Lisekelwe kule ngxelo, inqaku elikwiphephancwadi iBiblical Archaeology Review likaMatshi/Aprili 1994, lifundeka ngolu hlobo: “Akufane kwenzeke ukuba into efunyenwe ngabembi bezinto zakudala kuthethwe ngayo kumxholo ophambili weNew York Times (singasathethi ke ngephephancwadi iTime). Kodwa oko koko kwenzekayo kwihlobo eligqithileyo kwizinto ezafunyanwa eTel Dan, indulana entle kumantla weGalili, emazantsi eNtaba iHermon ecaleni komnye wemithombo yoMlambo iYordan.

“Apho uAvraham Biran kwakunye neqela lakhe labembi bezinto zakudala bafumana umbhalo obalaseleyo wenkulungwane yesithoba ngaphambi kweXesha lethu Eliqhelekileyo owawubhekisela ‘kwiNdlu kaDavide nakuKumkani wakwaSirayeli.’ Oku kokwesihlandlo sokuqala ukuba igama likaDavide lifunyanwe kuyo nayiphi na imibhalo yamandulo engeyiyo iBhayibhile. Isibakala sokuba lo mbhalo ungabhekiseli kuphela nje ‘kuDavide’ kodwa kwiNdlu kaDavide, umnombo wobukhosi wokumkani wakwaSirayeli, siphawuleka nangakumbi.

“‘UKumkani wakwaSirayeli’ libinzana elifunyanwa ngokufuthi eBhayibhileni, ingakumbi kwiNcwadi yooKumkani. Noko ke, lo usenokuba ngowona mbhalo mdala ongekho Bhayibhileni wendlela yokubhala yamaSemite obhekisela kuSirayeli. Eyona nto engqinwa ngulo mbhalo kukuba amaSirayeli namaYuda, ayebubukumkani obubalulekileyo ngeli xesha, nto leyo eyahlukileyo kumabango abaphengululi abathile abagxeka iBhayibhile.”

Ixesha okwabhalwa ngalo oku libonakala kwindlela oonobumba ababhalwe ngayo, kuhlolisiso olwenziwa kwizinto zodongwe ezafunyanwa kufutshane nelo cwecwe lelitye, nakoko kwakubhalwe kuloo mbhalo. Zizontathu ezo ndlela zalatha kwixesha elinye, inkulungwane yesithoba ngaphambi kweXesha lethu Eliqhelekileyo, malunga neminyaka engaphezu kwelikhulu emva kukaKumkani uDavide. Abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba lo mbhalo wawuyinxalenye yelitye lesikhumbuzo soloyiso elamiswa eDan lutshaba olungum-Aram ‘lukaKumkani wakwaSirayeli’ kwakunye ‘[noKumkani] neNdlu kaDavide.’ Ama-Aram, awayenqula uthixo woqhwithelo odumileyo, uHadadi, ayehlala empumalanga.

Ebudeni behlobo lowe-1994, kwafunyanwa amanye amacwecwe amabini ala matye. UNjingalwazi Biran uthi: “Kula macwecwe mabini kukho igama lothixo wama-Aram uHadadi, nembekiselo kwidabi eliphakathi kwamaSirayeli nama-Aram.”

Elona cwecwe libalulekileyo elafunyanwa ngowe-1993 laliqulethe imigca ebonakalayo eli-13 eyayibhalwe ngokwendlela endala yokubhala yesiHebhere. Ngelo xesha, kwakusetyenziswa amachaphaza ukwahlula amagama akuloo mbhalo. Noko ke, “iNdlu kaDavide” ibhalwa njengegama elinye ngoonobumba abathi “bytdwd” (baguqulelwa koonobumba abaqhelekileyo) kunokuthi “byt” (indlu), ichaphaza, kwakunye noonobumba abathi “dwd” (Davide). Kuyaqondakala ukuba, kuye kwaphakanyiswa imibuzo ngokuphathelele ukuguqulelwa koonobumba abathi “bytdwd.”

Ingcali yeelwimi uNjingalwazi Anson Rainey ithi: “UJoseph Naveh noAvraham Biran abazange bawucacise lo mbhalo ngokweenkcukacha, mhlawumbi bacinga ukuba abafundi baya kwazi ukuba igama elahlulayo phakathi kwamabinzana amabini awakhiwe ngale ndlela lidla ngokungabikho, ngokukodwa ukuba loo mabinzana ahlanganisiweyo asisibizo esaziwayo. ‘INdlu kaDavide’ ngokuqinisekileyo yayiligama elinjalo lezobupolitika nelendawo phakathi kwinkulungwane yesithoba ngaphambi kweXesha lethu Eliqhelekileyo.”

Obunye Ubungqina Bezinto Zakudala

Emva koko kwafunyanwayo, ingcali ngelitye laseMesha (elikwabizwa ngokuthi liLitye lakwaMowabhi), uNjingalwazi André Lemaire, wathi likwabhekisela ‘kwanakwiNdlu kaDavide.’a Ilitye laseMesha, elafunyanwa ngowe-1868, linezinto ezininzi elifana ngazo nelo litye laseTel Dan. Omabini alatha kwinkulungwane yesithoba ngaphambi kweXesha lethu Eliqhelekileyo, enziwe ngezinto ezifanayo, ubukhulu bawo buyafana, yaye abhalwe ngendlela ephantse ifane yokubhala yamaSemite.

Ngokuphathelele ukuhlaziywa komgca owawonakele kwilitye laseMesha, uNjingalwazi Lemaire wabhala: “Phantse kwiminyaka emibini ngaphambi kokufunyanwa kwamacwecwe aseTel Dan, ndagqiba ngelithi ilitye laseMesha liqulethe imbekiselo ethi ‘kwiNdlu kaDavide.’ . . . Isizathu sokuba imbekiselo ethi ‘kwiNdlu kaDavide’ ingazange iphawulwe ngaphambili sibangelwa sisibakala sokuba ilitye laseMesha alizange libe nayo ieditio princeps [uhlelo lokuqala]. Leyo yinto endiyilungiselelayo, kwiminyaka eli-125 emva kokufunyanwa kwelitye laseMesha.”

Ingxelo enjalo yabembi bezinto zakudala iyeyomdla kuba ingelosi, uYesu, abafundi bakhe nabantu ngokubanzi bayangqina ukuba uDavide wakha wakho embalini. (Mateyu 1:1; 12:3; 21:9; Luka 1:32; IZenzo 2:29) Ukufunyanwa kwezinto ezembiwayo zakudala ngokwenene kuyavumelana nokuba yena kwakunye nomnombo wakhe wobukhosi, “iNdlu kaDavide,” ezo zinto ziyinyaniso kungekhona intsomi.

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 31]

Amacwecwe elitye laseTel Dan,* awafunyanwa ngowe-1993 kwisixeko saseDan, kumantla eGalili

* Umzobo usekelwe kumfanekiso okwi-Israel Exploration Journal.