Ibamba Elinekratshi Liphuncukwa Bubukhosi Ezandleni
“UBHELESHATSARE ukumkani,” wabhala watsho umprofeti uDaniyeli, “walenzela isidlo esikhulu iwaka lezikhulu zakhe, wasela iwayini phambi kwewaka elo.” Noko ke, kwathi kusatyiwa kumnandi, suka “laguquka ibala lobuso bokumkani, zamngqungisa izicamango zakhe, amalungu esinqe sakhe acombuluka, namadolo akhe abethabethana.” Kwangobo busuku, “wabulawa uBheleshatsare ukumkani wamaKaledi. UDariyo, umMedi, wabuthabatha ubukumkani.”—Daniyeli 5:1, 6, 30, 31.
Yayingubani yena lo Bheleshatsare? Kwakutheni ukuze abizwe ngokuba ‘ngukumkani wamaKaledi’? Kanye kanye wayenasiphi isikhundla kuBukhosi baseBhabhiloni Obutsha? Bamphuncuka xa kuphi ke obu bukhosi?
Ngaba Wayelibamba Okanye Wayengukumkani?
UDaniyeli uthi uBheleshatsare wayengunyana kaNebhukadenetsare. (Daniyeli 5:2, 11, 18, 22) Noko ke, wayengengoyise omzalayo. Incwadi ethi Nabonidus and Belshazzar, kaRaymond P. Dougherty, yathi thupha into yokuba mhlawumbi uNebhukadenetsare lo wayenguyisemkhulu, owazala unina, uNitocris. Kwakhona kusenokwenzeka ukuba uNebhukadenetsare, ekubeni yayinguye owayeza kulawula, waba ‘nguyise’ kuBheleshatsare ngokwasebukhosini. (Thelekisa iGenesis 28:10, 13.) Phofu ke, eminye imikrolo ekumacwecwe odongwe awafunyanwa kumazantsi eIraq ebudeni benkulungwane ye-19 achaza uBheleshatsare njengenkulu kaNabonidus, ukumkani waseBhabhiloni.
Ekubeni ingxelo kaDaniyeli isahluko 5 inikel’ ingqalelo kwiziganeko ezenzeka ngobusuku bokuwa kweBhabhiloni ngowama-539 B.C.E., ayisityebiseli ukuba uBheleshatsare lo walifumana njani igunya lokulawula. Kodwa izinto ezembiweyo zisithela thsuphe ngolwalamano lukaNabonidus noBheleshatsare. UAlan Millard, umembi wezinto zakudala nengcali kwiilwimi zamandulo zamaYuda uthi: “Imibhalo yamaBhabhiloni idiza ukuba uNabonidus wayengumlawuli oneendlela ezaziwa nguye yedwa.” Lo kaMillard wongezelela athi: “Nangona wayengabalahlanga oothixo baseBhabhiloni, . . . wayethe swii nguthixo wenyanga okwizixeko ezibini, iUre nakwaHaran. Kuloo minyaka iliqela ebamb’ intambo, uNabonidus wayengahlali nokuhlala eBhabhiloni; kunoko wayethe zava kumakriwa aluhlaza kwelakwaTeima [okanye, kwaTema] kumantla elama-Arabhu.” Lizicacele elokuba, uNabonidus walawula ixesha elide ekude kwikomkhulu, iBhabhiloni. Xa engekho, iintambo zaziphoswa kuBheleshatsare.
Unaba ngesikhundla sikaBheleshatsare, omnye umbhalo obizwa ngokuba “yiVerse Account of Nabonidus” uthi: “[UNabonidus] wanikela ‘uMkhosi’ ezandleni (zonyana) wakhe omkhulu, inkulu, yonke imikhosi yalapho (yayisiva) ngaye. (Yonk’ into) wayeyithe tya kuye, wamthi jize nangobukhosi.” Ngaloo ndlela uBheleshatsare wayelibamba.
Ngoku ke, ngaba ibamba kungathiwa ngukumkani? Omnye umfanekiso owafunyanwa kumantla eSiriya kwiminyaka yee-1970 ubonisa ukuba yayiqhelekile into yokuba umlawuli abizwe ngokuba ngukumkani kwanaxa, ngokwenene, wayekwisikhundla esingaphantsi. Lo yayingumfanekiso womlawuli waseGozan yaye wawubhalwe ngesiAsiriya nesiAramiki. Imikrolo yesiAsiriya yayimbiza loo mfo ngokuthi yirhuluneli yaseGozan, kodwa omnye umbhalo ofanayo wesiAramiki wawumbiza ngokuba ngukumkani. Ngoko yayingenakuba ngumnqa ke into yokuba uBheleshatsare abizwe ngokuba yinkosana kwimibhalo yaseburhulumenteni yaseBhabhiloni ngoxa ebizwa ngokuba ngukumkani kwimibhalo yesiAramiki kaDaniyeli.
Eli lungiselelo lokuba uNabonidus noBheleshatsare balawule ngaxeshanye laqhubeka de uBukhosi baseBhabhiloni Obutsha bafikelela esiphelweni. Ngoko ke, ngobo busuku bokuwa kweBhabhiloni, uBheleshatsare wathembisa uDaniyeli ngokumenza umlawuli wesithathu kobo bukumkani, wayengazi kumenza owesibini.—Daniyeli 5:16.
Ibamba Elizithembe Gqitha Nelinekratshi
Iziganeko zokugqibela zolawulo lukaBheleshatsare zibonisa ukuba le nkosana yayizithembe gqitha yaye inekratshi. Ukuphela kolawulo lwakhe ngo-Oktobha 5, 539 B.C.E., uNabonidus waya kuphoswa ngaphaya kwezitshixo eBorsippa, ekubeni wayoyiswe kwathi tu ngamaMedi namaPersi. IBhabhiloni yangqingwa. Kodwa uBheleshatsare wayepholelwe ngamalanga ethembele ngoqilima lodonga olwalulapho kangangokuba kanye ngobo busuku, wenzela “isidlo esikhulu iwaka lezikhulu zakhe.” UHerodotus, umbhali-mbali ongumGrike wenkulungwane yesihlanu ngaPhambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo, uthi phakathi kweso sixeko, “babejuxuza, kusegcibhala.”
Noko ke, ngaphandle kwezo ndonga zeBhabhiloni, umkhosi wamaMedi namaPersi wahlab’ ukhangele. Ngokomyalelo kaKoreshi, wajika amanzi oMlambo umEfrati, owawunqumla phakathi kweso sixeko. Umkhosi wakhe wawusele ungxangele ukugxampuza kuloo manzi akuba nje ewuthe ngokwaneleyo. Wawuza kunyuka ngelo thambeka uze ungene kweso sixeko kwiindonga zobhedu ezikolo donga ngakuloo mlambo.
Ukuba uBheleshatsare wayekuphawulile okwenzekayo ngaphandle kweso sixeko, ngewayezivale ngci ezo ngcango zobhedu, waza wamisa ezo zigantsontso zamadoda awayenawo ngasezindongeni ngaselunxwemeni lomlambo lowo, waza walurhangqa utshaba. Kunoko, ethe futhu yiwayini, uBheleshatsare ozidlayo wathi makuziswe izitya ezisetempileni kaYehova. Emva koko, iindwendwe zakhe, abafazi bakhe namashweshwe akhe ngendelelo asela ngezo ndebe ngoxa ayedumisa oothixo baseBhabhiloni. Kusajongwe leyo, suka kwavela isandla ngokungummangaliso saza saqalisa ukubhala kudonga lwebhotwe. Eduda kukoyika, uBheleshatsare wabiza abakhwitsi bakhe baze kusompa esi sisompothi. Kodwa ‘azizange zibe nokumazisa ukumkani ukutyhilwa kwawo.’ Ekugqibeleni, uDaniyeli “wasiwa phambi kokumkani.” Ephefumlelwe nguThixo, lo mprofeti kaYehova ukhaliphileyo wayichaza intsingiselo yaloo mazwi, eprofeta ngokuwiswa kweBhabhiloni ngamaMedi namaPersi.—Daniyeli 5:2-28.
AmaMedi namaPersi asithimba ngokulula eso sixeko, yaye uBheleshatsare wafa kwangobo busuku. Ngenxa yokufa kwakhe, nangenxa yokunikezela kukaNabonidus kuKoreshi, uBukhosi baseBhabhiloni Obutsha bafikelela esiphelweni.
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 8]
UDaniyeli uchaza isiprofeto sokutshatyalaliswa koBukhosi baseBhabhiloni