Ngaba Inzululwazi Ngezakudala Iyabungqina Ubukho BukaYesu?
“UBUNGQINA ObungoYesu Bubhalwe Kwilitye.” Watsho njalo umxholo ongaphandle weBiblical Archaeology Review (Novemba/Disemba 2002). Loo mxholo wawuthetha ngebhokisi yamathambo abantu abafileyo eyenziwe ngelitye lekalika, eyafunyanwa kwaSirayeli. libhokisi zamathambo abantu abafileyo zazisetyenziswa kakhulu ngamaYuda ebudeni bexesha elifutshane phakathi kwenkulungwane yokuqala ngaphambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo neyama-70 C.E. Into eyenza le bhokisi ibaluleke ngakumbi kukuba yayinombhalo okroliweyo wesiAramiki kwelinye icala. Abaphengululi bathi wawufundeka ngolu hlobo: “UYakobi, unyana kaYosefu, umntakwaboYesu.”
Ngokutsho kweBhayibhile, uYesu waseNazarete wayenomninawa ogama linguYakobi owayesaziwa njengonyana kaYosefu, umyeni kaMariya. Xa uYesu Kristu wayefundisa kwidolophu awakhulela kuyo, isihlwele esasimangalisiwe sabuza: “Asingonyana womchweli na lo? Unina akabizwa ngokuba nguMariya na, nabantakwabo asingoYakobi noYosefu noSimon noYudas na? Noodade wabo, abakho kunye nathi bonke na?”—Mateyu 13:54-56; Luka 4:22; Yohane 6:42.
Ewe, umbhalo okroliweyo okule bhokisi uyafana nenkcazelo kaYesu waseNazarete. UAndré Lemaire, isazi ngemibhalo ekroliweyo yamandulo nombhali wenqaku elikhankanywe ngaphambilana kwiBiblical Archaeology Review wathi, ukuba uYakobi okhankanywe kulo mbhalo yayingumtakwaboYesu Kristu, ngoko ke obu “bobona bungqina bakudala bobukho bukaYesu ngokwenzululwazi ngezakudala obungekhoyo eBhayibhileni.” UHershel Shanks, umhleli weli phephancwadi, uthi le bhokisi yamathambo abantu abafileyo “yinto ebambekayo nebonakalayo yobukho boyena mntu ubalulekileyo owakha waphila emhlabeni.”
Noko ke, onke amagama alo mbhalo ukule bhokisi ayeqhelekile ngenkulungwane yokuqala. Ngoko ke kunokwenzeka ukuba ngaphandle kwentsapho kaYesu Kristu, yayikho nenye intsapho eyayinamalungu ayebizwa ngokuba nguYakobi, uYosefu, noYesu. Eqikelela uLemaire uthi: “EYerusalem ebudeni bezizukulwana ezibini ngaphambi konyaka wama-70 C.E., kusenokwenzeka ukuba . . . kwakukho malunga nabantu abangama-20 ababebizwa ngokuthi ‘uYakobi unyana kaYosefu umntakwaboYesu.’” Sekunjalo, uvakalelwa kukuba kukho amathuba angama-90 ekhulwini okuba uYakobi obhalwe kule bhokisi yayingumntakwaboYesu Kristu.
Kukho esinye isizathu sokuba abanye bakholelwe ukuba uYakobi okulo mbhalo yayingumntakwaboYesu Kristu. Nangona kwakuyinto eqhelekileyo ukukhankanya uyise waloo mntu ufileyo kwimibhalo enjalo ekroliweyo, kwakungafane kwenzeke ukuba kukhankanywe igama lomntakwabo. Ngoko ke, abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa kukuba lo Yesu umele ukuba ngumntu obalulekileyo, nto leyo ebenza bacinge ukuba wayenguYesu Kristu, umseki wobuKristu.
Ngaba Ibhokisi Yamathambo Abantu Abafileyo Inokuthenjwa?
Yintoni ibhokisi yamathambo abantu abafileyo? Yibhokisi, okanye ityesi ekufakwa kuyo amathambo omntu ofileyo emva kokuba umzimba wakhe ubolile kumqolomba ebengcwatywe kuwo. Iibhokisi ezininzi zamathambo abantu abafileyo zazibiwa kumangcwaba aseYerusalem. Ibhokisi enombhalo okroliweyo kaYakobi yafunyanwa kwindawo ethengisa izinto zamandulo, kungekhona kwindawo ekumbiwa kuyo. Kuthiwa umnini wale bhokisi wayithenga ngeedola ezingamakhulu ambalwa kwiminyaka yee-1970. Ngoko ke akwaziwa ukuba le bhokisi ivela phi. UNjingalwazi uBruce Chilton weBard College, eNew York uthi: “Ukuba akunakukwazi ukuchaza apho yafunyanwa khona le bhokisi, nokuba ibiphi kuyo yonke le minyaka engama-2 000, akunakukwazi ukuyidibanisa nabantu ethetha ngabo.”
Ukuze angqinisise ukuba ngokwenene iyinxalenye yezinto ezembiweyo zakudala, uAndré Lemaire wayithumela le bhokisi kwiGeological Survey yaseIsrael. Apho abaphengululi baqinisekisa ukuba le bhokisi yenziwe ngelitye lekalika ngenkulungwane yokuqala okanye yesibini kwiXesha Eliqhelekileyo. Bathi “akukho nto ebonisa ukuba kusetyenziswe isixhobo sakutshanje.” Sekunjalo, abaphengululi beBhayibhile ababa nodliwano-ndlebe neNew York Times babonisa ukuba “ubungqina obungaqinisekanga obuxhasa ubukho bukaYesu babunamandla, kodwa sekunjalo babungaqinisekanga.”
Iphephancwadi iTimes lathi, “phantse akakho umntu ofundileyo namhlanje onokuthandabuza ukuba uYesu wakha waphila.” Sekunjalo, abaninzi bavakalelwa kukuba kufanele kubekho obunye ubungqina ngaphandle kobo buseBhayibhileni bokuba uYesu wakha waphila. Ngaba ubani ufanele afumane ubungqina benzululwazi ngezinto zakudala ezembiweyo ukuze akholelwe kuYesu Kristu? Bubuphi ubungqina esinabo bokuba ngokwenene wayekho “oyena mntu ubalulekileyo wakha waphila emhlabeni”?
[Inkcazelo Ngemifanekiso ekwiphepha 3]
Left, James Ossuary: AFP PHOTO/J.P. Moczulski; right, inscription: AFP PHOTO/HO