ILizwi LikaYehova Liphilile

Iimbalasane Zencwadi YeDuteronomi

KUNGONYAKA we-1473 B.C.E. Sekudlule ama-40 eminyaka ngoku uYehova ebakhulule oonyana bakaSirayeli ebukhobokeni baseYiputa. Njengoko belubhadula entlango yonke le minyaka, uhlanga lukaSirayeli alukabi nawo umhlaba ongowalo. Noko ke, ekugqibeleni, lude lwafika kumda weLizwe Lesithembiso. Luza kufika iimeko zinjani apho? Ziziphi iingxaki oluza kujamelana nazo kwelo lizwe?

Ngaphambi kokuba amaSirayeli awele uMlambo iYordan angene ezweni laseKanan, uMoses uwaxhobisela umsebenzi onzima aza kujamelana nawo. Ukwenza njani oku? Ngokuthi anikele ungcelele lweentetho zokuwakhuthaza nokuwabongoza nokuwaluleka kwanokuwalumkisa. Uwakhumbuza ukuba azinikele ngokupheleleyo kuYehova uThixo, yaye angaxelisi iintlanga eziwajikelezileyo. Ezi ntetho zigubungela eyona nxalenye inkulu yencwadi yeBhayibhile yeDuteronomi. Nathi singafunda lukhulu kuzo, kuba nakwihlabathi lanamhlanje kulucelomngeni ukuzinikela ngokupheleleyo kuYehova.—Hebhere 4:12.

Le ncwadi yeDuteronomi eyabhalwa nguMoses, ngaphandle nje kwesahluko sokugqibela, igubungela ingxelo yeenyanga ezimbini neentsukwana.a (Duteronomi 1:3; Yoshuwa 4:19) Makhe sibone indlela enokusinceda ngayo ukuba simthande uYehova uThixo ngentliziyo yethu yonke size simkhonze ngokuthembeka.

‘UZE UNGAKULIBALI OKO AKUBONILEYO AMEHLO AKHO’

(Duteronomi 1:1–4:49)

Kwintetho yokuqala, uMoses ubalisa ngohambo lwabo lwasentlango—ekhetha ikakhulu ezo ndawo ziza kuba luncedo kumaSirayeli njengoko eza kungena kwiLizwe Lesithembiso. Ingxelo ephathelele abagwebi abamiselweyo imele ukuba iye yabakhumbuza indlela uYehova abanyamekela ngayo ngothando abantu bakhe. Kwakhona uMoses uchaza ukuba ingxelo embi yeentlola ezilishumi iye yakhokelela ekubeni isizukulwana esilandelayo singangeni kwilizwe lesithembiso. Cinga nje ngendlela okumele ukuba oku kwabachukumisa ngayo abo babephulaphule uMoses njengoko babesele belibona elo lizwe.

Ukukhumbula koonyana bakaSirayeli indlela uYehova aye wabanceda ngayo ukuba boyise ngaphambi kokuwela kwabo iYordan kumele ukuba kwabenza bakhalipha ngakumbi njengoko babelungele ukoyisa kwakhona kwelinye icala lomlambo. Eli lizwe babeza kungena kulo lalizaliswe lunqulo-zithixo. Ngoko kwakufanelekile ukuba uMoses abalumkise kabukhali nxamnye nonqulo-zithixo.

Iimpendulo Kwimibuzo YeZibhalo:

2:4-6, 9, 19, 24, 31-35; 3:1-6—Kwakutheni ukuze amaSirayeli atshabalalise abanye abantu ababehlala ngakwimpuma yeYordan kodwa angabatshabalalisi abanye? UYehova wamyalela uSirayeli ukuba angalwi noonyana bakaEsawu. Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba babeyinzala yomntakwabo Yakobi. AmaSirayeli ayengamele aphazamise okanye alwe namaMowabhi nama-Amoni, kuba ayeyinzala yomtshana ka-Abraham uLote. Kodwa bona ookumkani bama-Amori uSihon no-Ogi babengenabo ubudlelane obunjalo. Ngoko, xa uSihon walayo ukuvumela amaSirayeli ukuba adlule kwilizwe lakhe, waza yena uOgi waya kuwahlangabeza edabini, uYehova wayalela amaSirayeli ukuba azitshabalalise izixeko zabo, kungabikho namnye osindayo.

4:15-20, 23, 24—Ngaba ukungavunyelwa kokwenza imifanekiso eqingqiweyo kuthetha ukuba kuphosakele ukwenza imifanekiso yobugcisa yokuhombisa? Akunjalo. Into eyayingavunyelwanga kukwenza imifanekiso ngenjongo yokuyinqula—‘uqubude kuyo uze uyikhonze.’ IZibhalo azikwaleli ukwenziwa kwemifanekiso eqingqiweyo okanye ezotyiweyo ngenjongo yokuhombisa.—1 Kumkani 7:18, 25.

Oko Sikufundayo:

1:2, 19. Oonyana bakaSirayeli babhadula entlango kangangeminyaka engama-38, nangona iKadeshe-bharneya yayikumgama ‘weentsuku ezilishumi elinanye kuphela ukusuka eHorebhe [engummandla weentaba ophahle iNtaba yeSinayi apho kwanikelwa khona iMiyalelo Elishumi] ngendlela yeNtaba iSehire.’ Enjani ukuba buhlungu yona imiphumo yokungamthobeli uYehova uThixo!—Numeri 14:26-34.

1:16, 17. Imilinganiselo kaThixo yokugweba isafana nanamhlanje. Abo baphathiswe imbopheleleko yokukhonza kwikomiti egwebayo abamele bavumele umkhethe okanye ukoyika abantu kuphembelele indlela abagweba ngayo.

4:9. Ukuze uSirayeli aphumelele kwakubalulekile ukuba ‘angazilibali izinto azibonileyo amehlo akhe.’ Njengoko ihlabathi elitsha elithenjisiweyo lisondela, kubalulekile ukuba nathi sinikel’ ingqalelo kwizenzo ezimangalisayo zikaYehova ngokuthi sikukhuthalele ukufunda iLizwi lakhe.

THANDA UYEHOVA, UZE UTHOBELE IMIYALELO YAKHE

(Duteronomi 5:1–26:19)

Kwintetho yakhe yesibini, uMoses uchaza iinkcukacha zoMthetho owanikelwa kwiNtaba yeSinayi aze aphinde achaze iMiyalelo Elishumi. Ukhankanya iintlanga ezisixhenxe ezimele zitshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo. Ukhumbuza oonyana bakaSirayeli ngesifundo esibalulekileyo abasifunde entlango: “Akaphili ngasonka sodwa umntu kodwa uphila ngamazwi onke aphuma emlonyeni kaYehova.” Njengoko beza kujamelana neemeko ezintsha, bamele ‘bayigcine yonke le miyalelo.’—Duteronomi 8:3; 11:8.

Xa sele ehlala kwiLizwe Lesithembiso, amaSirayeli kuza kufuneka anikwe imithetho ephathelele, kungekuphela nje unqulo, kodwa kwanemigwebo, urhulumente, iimfazwe, nobomi basekuhlaleni nobangasese bemihla ngemihla. UMoses uyayiphinda le mithetho aze abethelele imfuneko yokuthanda uYehova nokuthobela imiyalelo yakhe.

Iimpendulo Kwimibuzo YeZibhalo:

8:3, 4—Impahla yamaSirayeli ayizange iguge neenyawo zawo azizange zidumbe ngayiphi indlela ebudeni bohambo lwawo entlango? Oku kwenziwa ngokungummangaliso, njengokuba kwakunjalo nokuveliswa rhoqo kwemana. AmaSirayeli asebenzisa izambatho neembadada awayeqale ngazo uhambo, ekubonakala ukuba ayesabelana ngazo njengoko abantwana bekhula nabantu abadala besifa. Le mpahla yawanela amaSirayeli, njengoko ukubalwa kwawo ekuqaleni kohambo lwasentlango nasekupheleni kwalo kubonisa ukuba inani lawo alizange lande.—Numeri 2:32; 26:51.

14:21—Kutheni amaSirayeli ayenako ukunika owasemzini okanye athengisele umphambukeli isilwanyana esizifeleyo nesingophiswanga ngoxa wona ayengenakusitya? EBhayibhileni, igama elithi “umphambukeli” lisenokubhekisela kumntu ongenguye umSirayeli kodwa oye waguqukela ebuYudeni, yaye lisenokubhekisela nakummi welizwe lawo ophila ngokuvisisana nemithetho yawo kodwa abe engenguye umnquli kaYehova. Owasemzini kunye nomphambukeli ongaguqukelanga ebuYudeni wayengekho phantsi koMthetho, yaye wayenako ukuzisebenzisa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo izilwanyana ezizifeleyo nezingophiswanga. AmaSirayeli ayevunyelwe ukumnika okanye ukumthengisela izilwanyana ezinjalo. Kodwa abo baguqukele ebuYudeni, babephantsi komnqophiso woMthetho. Njengoko kubonisiwe kwiLevitikus 17:10, babesalelwa ukudla igazi lezilwanyana.

24:6—Kutheni ukuthimba ‘ilitye lokuguba okanye ilitye lokusila langaphezulu njengesibambiso’ kwakufaniswa nokuthimba “umphefumlo”? Ilitye lokuguba nelitye lalo lokusila langaphezulu lalimela “umphefumlo” womntu, okanye into aziphilisa ngayo. Ukuthimba nayiphi na kuzo kwakufana nokuhlutha intsapho iphela isonka sayo semihla ngemihla.

25:9—Kwakubaluleke ngantoni ukukhulula imbadada nokutshicela ebusweni indoda engavumiyo ukutshata umhlolokazi obengumfazi womntakwayo? ‘Ngokwesiko lamaxesha angaphambili kwaSirayeli ngokuphathelele ilungelo lentlawulelo, indoda kwakufuneka ikhulule imbadada yayo ize iyinike idlelane layo.’ (Rute 4:7) Ngoko ukukhulula imbadada yendoda engavumiyo ukutshata umhlolokazi obengumfazi womntakwayo kuqinisekisa ukuba isilahlile isigxina sayo nelungelo layo lokuvelisela umntakwayo ofileyo indlalifa. Oku kwakulihlazo. (Duteronomi 25:10) Ukuyitshicela ebusweni kwakusenzelwa ukuyithoba.—Numeri 12:14.

Oko Sikufundayo:

6:6-9. Kanye njengoko amaSirayeli ayalelwa ukuba agcine uMthetho, nathi simele siyigcine imiyalelo kaThixo, siyikhumbule ngalo lonke ixesha, size siyibethelele nasebantwaneni bethu. Simele ‘siyibophe ibe ngumqondiso esandleni sethu’ ngokuthi izenzo zethu—ezifanekiselwa zizandla zethu—zibonise ukuba siyamthobela uYehova. Yaye ‘njengesibopho esisebunzi phakathi kwamehlo,’ ukuthobela kwethu kumele kubonakale kubo bonke.

6:16. Asimele simvavanye uYehova njengoko enzayo amaSirayeli eMasa ngokuthi abonise ukungabi nalukholo aze ambombozele ngenxa yokungabikho kwamanzi.—Eksodus 17:1-7.

8:11-18. Izinto eziphathekayo zinokusenza simlibale uYehova.

9:4-6. Simele sikuphephe ukuzenza amalungisa ngokugqithiseleyo.

13:6. Asimele sivumele nabani na ukuba asiphazamise ekunquleni kwethu uYehova.

14:1. Simele sikuphephe ukuzicenta, kuba kubonisa ukungabi nantlonelo ngomzimba womntu, yaye maxa wambi kuhambisana nonqulo lobuxoki. (1 Kumkani 18:25-28) Ithemba esinalo eluvukweni lenza kungafaneleki ukubazilela ngokugabadele ngaloo ndlela abafileyo.

20:5-7; 24:5. Kufanele kuboniswe ulwazelelelo kwabo baneemeko ezikhethekileyo, kwanokuba umsebenzi omele wenziwe ubalulekile.

22:23-27. Enye yezona ndlela ziphumelelayo elinokuzikhusela ngazo ibhinqa xa liza kudlwengulwa kukumemeza.

‘UMELE UKHETHE UBOMI’

(Duteronomi 27:1–34:12)

Kwintetho yakhe yesithathu, uMoses uchazela amaSirayeli ukuba, emva kokuwela iYordan, amele abhale uMthetho ematyeni amakhulu aze avakalise iziqalekiso kwabo bangawuthobeliyo neentsikelelo kwabo bawuthobelayo. Intetho yesine uyitshayelela ngokuphinda umnqophiso ophakathi kukaYehova noSirayeli. Kwakhona uMoses ubalumkisa abantu ngemiphumo yokungathobeli aze abakhuthaze ukuba ‘bakhethe ubomi.’—Duteronomi 30:19.

Akuba enikele ezi ntetho zine, uMoses uwachazela amaSirayeli ngenkokeli yawo entsha, aze awafundise ingoma emnandi yokudumisa uYehova nelumkisa ngemiphumo yokungathembeki. Emva kokusikelela izizwe, uMoses uyafa aze angcwatywe eneminyaka eli-120 ubudala. Uzilelwa kangangeentsuku ezingama-30, xesha elo eliphantse lilingane nesiqingatha sexesha eligutyungelwayo kwiDuteronomi.

Iimpendulo Kwimibuzo YeZibhalo:

32:13, 14—Ekubeni amaSirayeli ayengavunyelwanga ukutya amanqatha, kuthetha ntoni ukutya kwawo “amanqatha eenkunzi zeegusha”? Eli binzana lisetyenziswe ngendlela yokomfuziselo yaye libhekisela kwezona gusha zityebileyo emhlambini. Into ebonisa ukuba eli binzana lelokomfuziselo sisibakala sokuba kwakuyo le ndinyana kuthethwa ‘ngamanqatha ezintso zengqolowa’ “negazi leediliya.”

33:1-29—Kutheni uSimeyon engakhankanywanga xa uMoses wayesikelela oonyana bakaSirayeli? Kungenxa yokuba uSimeyon noLevi baba “ngqwabalala,” yaye ingqumbo yabo ‘yayiyeyenkohlakalo.’ (Genesis 34:13-31; 49:5-7) Ilifa labo lalingalingani nelezinye izizwe. ULevi wanikwa izixeko ezingama-48, yaye ilifa likaSimeyon lona lalisemhlabeni kaYuda. (Yoshuwa 19:9; 21:41, 42) Ngenxa yoko, uMoses akazange amsikelele ngokukhethekileyo uSimeyon. Kodwa intsikelelo kaSimeyon yayiqukiwe kwintsikelelo kaSirayeli ephela.

Oko Sikufundayo:

31:12. Abaselula bafanele bahlale nabakhulileyo kwiintlanganiso zebandla baze bazimisele ukuphulaphula nokufunda kuzo.

32:4. Zonke iindlela zikaYehova zigqibelele kuba uzibonisa ngolungelelwano olugqibeleleyo iimpawu zakhe zokusesikweni, ubulumko, uthando namandla.

Ibaluleke Gqitha Kuthi

IDuteronomi ichaza ukuba uYehova “nguYehova mnye.” (Duteronomi 6:4) Le ncwadi ithetha ngabantu ababenolwalamano olukhethekileyo noThixo. Kwakhona incwadi yeDuteronomi ilumkisa ngonqulo-zithixo ize igxininise imfuneko yokuzinikela ngokupheleleyo kuThixo wenyaniso.

Ngokuqinisekileyo iDuteronomi ibaluleke gqitha kuthi! Nangona singekho phantsi koMthetho, sinokufunda lukhulu kuyo okunokusinceda ‘simthande uYehova uThixo wethu ngentliziyo nangomphefumlo nangamandla ethu onke.’—Duteronomi 6:5.

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Imaphu ekwiphepha 24]

(Ukuba ufuna inkcazelo ehlahlelwe kakuhle, yiya kwimpapasho)

ISEHIRE

IKadeshe-bharneya

Intaba yeSinayi (iHorebhe)

Ulwandle Olubomvu

[Inkcazelo]

Based on maps copyrighted by Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est. and Survey of Israel

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 24]

Iintetho zikaMoses ziyinxalenye eyintloko yeDuteronomi

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 26]

Kunikela siphi isifundo ukuvelisa kukaYehova imana?

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 26]

Ukuthimba ilitye lokuguba okanye ilitye lokusila langaphezulu njengesibambiso kwakufaniswa nokuthimba “umphefumlo”