Ukufumana Ubutyebi ObuseBhayibhileni
KWIINKULUNGANE ezadlulayo kwakungelula njenganamhlanje ukufumana izinto zokubhala. Izinto ezibhalwe kwizintsu zazicinywa xa zingasafunwa kuze kuphinde kubhalwe ezinye. Nemibhalo yeBhayibhile yayicinywa ukuze izintsu ekubhalwe kuzo ziphinde zisetyenziswe.
Omnye wale mibhalo nobalulekileyo yiCodex Ephraemi Syri rescriptus, igama elithetha “ukucima uphinde ubhale.” Lo mbhalo ubaluleke kakhulu kuba ngomnye weyona mibhalo midala ekhoyo yeZibhalo zamaKristu zesiGrike. Ngenxa yoko, ungomnye wemibhalo-ngqangi engqina ukuchana kwale nxalenye yeLizwi likaThixo.
IZibhalo ezazibhalwe kuwo ngenkulungwane yesihlanu zacinywa ngeye-12 yeXesha Eliqhelekileyo kwaza endaweni yazo kwabhalwa inguqulelo yesiGrike yeentshumayelo ezingama-38 zomphengululi waseSiriya uEphraem. Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-17 iingcali zafumanisa ukuba le codex yayisakuba neZibhalo zeBhayibhile. Njengoko iminyaka yayihamba kwenziwa inkqubela ekuzameni ukuqonda izinto ezazibhalwe kuyo kuqala. Kodwa ke kwakunzima ukuyifunda into eyayibhaliwe kuba i-inki yayingacacanga abe namaphepha ayo egugile. Iingcali zagalela imichiza kuloo mbhalo-ngqangi zizama ukufunda izinto ezazibhalwe kuwo kuqala kodwa ke zatsho phantsi. Ngenxa yoko abaphengululi abaninzi bagqiba kwelokuba imibhalo eyayicinyiwe yayingenakuze iphinde yaziwe.
Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1840, isazi ngeelwimi saseJamani uKonstantin von Tischendorf wazibhokoxa efuna ukufunda le codex. Wachitha iminyaka emibini yonke ezama ukuyifunda. Yintoni eyamncedayo yena wawuqonda?
UTischendorf wayeyiqonda kakuhle indlela yokubhala yamaGrike amandulo, eyayinonobumba abakhulu abahlukanisiweyo.a Ekubeni wayebona kakuhle wafumanisa ukuba xa eyijongisa ekukhanyeni le mibhalo-ngqangi ayebonakala amagama awayebhalwe kuqala. Nanamhlanje abaphengululi basebenzisa indlela efanayo kodwa ke besebenzisa izixhobo zale mihla.
UTischendorf wayipapasha ngowe-1843 nangowe-1845 imiphumo yophando lwakhe lweCodex Ephraemi. Loo nto yamnika iwonga lokuba ngoyena mntu udume ngokuqonda indlela yokubhala yamaGrike amandulo.
ICodex Ephraemi ilingana neesentimitha ezingama-31 ubude kunye nezingama-23 ububanzi yaye ingomnye wemibhalo-ngqangi yamandulo ekwakubhalwa kuyo umhlathi ubemnye kwiphepha ngalinye. Kumaphepha ayo angama-209 aseleyo, kwangama-145 kubhalwe iinxalenye zazo zonke iincwadi zeZibhalo zamaKristu zesiGrike ngaphandle nje kweye-2 kwabaseTesalonika kunye neye-2 kaYohane. Kwamanye amaphepha kukho inguqulelo yesiGrike yeenxalenye zeZibhalo zesiHebhere.
Namhlanje le codex igcinwe kwiNational Library yaseParis eFransi. Akwaziwa ukuba wawuvela phi lo mbhalo-ngqangi nangona uTischendorf wayecinga ukuba wawuvela eYiputa. Abaphengululi bayiquka iCodex Ephraemi phakathi kwemibhalo-ngqangi emine yamandulo yeBhayibhile yesiGrike eyeyona ibalulekileyo. Eminye yayo yiSinaitic, iAlexandrine kunye neyeVatican 1209 yaye yonke yabhalwa ngenkulungwane yesine neyesihlanu yeXesha Eliqhelekileyo.
Siye sagcinelwa isigidimi seZibhalo eZingcwele ngeendlela ezininzi. Nangona abantu abanganeluxabiso baye bazama ukuwucima lo mbhalo-ngqangi kodwa ke wasinda. Oku kuqinisekisa amazwi ompostile uPetros athi: “Ilizwi likaYehova lihlala likho ngonaphakade.”—1 Petros 1:25.
[Umbhalo osemazantsi]
a Eyona nto yamenza waduma uTischendorf kukufumana kwakhe iCodex Sinaiticus, inguqulelo yesiGrike yeZibhalo zesiHebhere, engomnye weyona mibhalo-ngqangi midala ikhoyo, kwikhaya looNongendi iSt. Catherine’s, elikwinyele yeNtaba yeSinayi.
[Umzobo/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 16]
(Ukuba ufuna inkcazelo ehlahlelwe kakuhle, yiya kwimpapasho)
ICodex Ephraemi Syri rescriptus, umbhalo-ngqangi obalulekileyo owaqondwa nguTischendorf (1815-1874)
IZIBHALO EZAZIBHALWE NGAPHAMBILI ZAZE ZACINYWA
IINTSHUMAYELO ZESIGRIKE EZABHALWA PHEZU KWAZO
[Inkcazelo]
© Bibliothèque nationale de France
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 17]
ICodex Sinaiticus, eyafunyanwa kwikhaya looNongendi eSt. Catherine
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 17]
UTischendorf