Footnote

a Ngowama-711 C.E., imikhosi yama-Arabhu neyabemi baseMntla Afrika yalihlasela elaseSpeyin, yaye kwiminyaka nje esixhenxe phantse lonke elo lizwe laliphantsi kwamaSilamsi. Ngeenkulungwane nje ezimbini, isixeko saseCórdoba mhlawumbi sasisesona sikhulu nesiphucukileyo kwizixeko zaseYurophu.