Incwadi YeBhayibhile 41—Marko

Umbhali: NguMarko

Indawo Eyabhalelwa Kuyo: ERoma

Ukugqitywa Kokubhalwa Kwayo: Malunga nowama-60–65 C.E.

Ixesha Eligutyungelweyo: Ngowama-29–33 C.E.

1. Yintoni eyaziwayo ngoMarko nentsapho yakowabo?

XA UYESU wabanjwayo eGetsemane baza abapostile babaleka, walandelwa “yindodana ethile, ithe wambu ilinen entle emzimbeni.” Xa isihlwele sazama ukuyibamba nayo, “yayilahla ilinen entle leyo, yabaleka kubo izé.” Ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba le ndodana nguMarko. KwiZenzo ichazwe ‘njengoYohane ogama limbi linguMarko’ kwaye isenokuba yayivela kwintsapho emi kakuhle yaseYerusalem, kuba babenendlu yabo nezicaka zabo. Unina, uMariya, wayekwangumKristu, yaye ibandla lokuqala lalisebenzisa ikhaya lakhe njengendawo yeentlanganiso. Ngesihlandlo sokukhululwa kwakhe sisithunywa sezulu entolongweni, uPetros waya kule ndlu waza wafumana abazalwana behlanganisene apho.—Marko 14:51, 52; IZe. 12:12, 13.

2, 3. (a) Ngokungathandabuzekiyo yintoni eyashukumisela uMarko ukuba angenele inkonzo yobuvangeli basemazweni? (b) Luluphi ulwalamano awayenalo nabanye abavangeli basemazweni, ingakumbi uPetros noPawulos?

² Umvangeli wasemazweni uBharnabhas, umLevi waseSipro, wayengumza kaMarko. (IZe. 4:36; Kol. 4:10) Xa uBharnabhas weza noPawulos eYerusalem ngokuphathelele uncedo ngenxa yendlala eyayikho, noMarko wamazi ngolo hlobo uPawulos. Olu nxulumano lwasebandleni nolwabalungiseleli ababekhuthele nabatyelelayo ngokungathandabuzekiyo lwabethelela kuMarko umnqweno wokungenela inkonzo yobuvangeli basemazweni. Ngoko simfumana eliqabane nomlungiseleli kaPawulos noBharnabhas kuhambo lwabo lokuqala lobuvangeli basemazweni. Noko ke, ngesizathu esithile, uMarko wabashiya ePerga yasePamfili, waza wabuyela eYerusalem. (IZe. 11:29, 30; 12:25; 13:5, 13) Ngenxa yoku, uPawulos wala ukuhamba noMarko kukhenketho lwesibini lobuvangeli basemazweni, yaye oku kwaphumela ekubeni uPawulos noBharnabhas bahlukane. UPawulos wahamba noSilas, ngoxa uBharnabhas wathabatha umza wakhe uMarko baza bahamba ngomkhombe ukuya eSipro.—IZe. 15:36-41.

³ UMarko wazingqina enobuchule kubulungiseleli waza waba luncedo olukhulu kungekuphela nje kuBharnabhas kodwa kamva nakumpostile uPetros noPawulos. UMarko wayekunye noPawulos (malunga nowama-60-61 C.E.) ebudeni bokubanjwa kwakhe okokuqala, eRoma. (Filem. 1, 24) Kamva simfumana uMarko enoPetros eBhabheli phakathi konyaka wama-62 nowama-64 C.E. (1 Pet. 5:13) Kwakhona uPawulos usentolongweni eRoma mhlawumbi ngonyaka wama-65 C.E., yaye kwincwadi awayibhalayo ucela uTimoti ukuba aze noMarko, esithi, “kuba unokundinceda kakuhle kumsebenzi wokulungiselela.” (2 Tim. 1:8; 4:11) Esi sisihlandlo sokugqibela ekhankanywa uMarko kwingxelo yeBhayibhile.

4-6. (a) UMarko wakwazi njani ukufumana iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo zencwadi yakhe yeVangeli? (b) Yintoni ebonisa ulwalamano lwakhe olusondeleyo noPetros? (c) Nikela imizekelo yeempawu zikaPetros ezifunyanwa kule ncwadi yeVangeli.

⁴ Kuthiwa ngulo Marko ke obhale le ncwadi yeVangeli iyeyona imfutshane kuzo. Wayesebenza ndawonye nabapostile bakaYesu kwaye wabunikela ubomi bakhe enkonzweni ngenxa yeendaba ezilungileyo. Kodwa uMarko wayengenguye omnye wabapostile abali-12, yaye wayengelilo iqabane elisondeleyo likaYesu. Uzifumene phi ke ezi nkcukacha zibaluleke kangaka ezenza ingxelo yakhe engobulungiseleli bukaYesu ibe yeyokwenene ukususela ekuqaleni ukusa ekugqibeleni? Ngokutsho kwembali kaPapias, uOrigen noTertullian, olu lwazi walufumana kuPetros, lowo uMarko wayenxulumene ngokusondeleyo naye.a Akazange na uPetros ambize ngokuthi “unyana wam”? (1 Pet. 5:13) UPetros wayelingqina lokuzibonela phantse lako konke okwakubhalwe nguMarko, ngoko kusenokwenzeka ukuba waziva ngoPetros iingongoma ezininzi azichazileyo ezingekhoyo kwezinye iincwadi zeVangeli. Ngokomzekelo, uMarko uthetha ‘ngabaqeshwa’ ababesebenzela uZebhedi, umntu othile owayeneqhenqa nowabongoza uYesu “esiwa ngamadolo phambi kwakhe,” ngendoda eyayineedemon ‘izijeca ngamatye,’ nangoYesu eprofeta ‘ngokufika koNyana woMntu enamandla amakhulu nobuqaqawuli’ ngoxa wayehleli eNtabeni yemiNquma “malungana netempile.”—Marko 1:20, 40; 5:5; 13:3, 26.

⁵ UPetros wayeyindoda eneemvakalelo ezinzulu yaye ngoko wayenokukuvuyela ukuchazela uMarko iimvakalelo zikaYesu. Ngoko seso sizathu esibangela ukuba uMarko athethe ngokufuthi ngendlela uYesu awayevakalelwa ngayo nendlela awayesabela ngayo; ngokomzekelo, njengokuthi ‘wabasingasinga ngengqumbo, ebuhlungu,’ nokuthi “wancwina,” kwanokuthi ‘wancwina nzulu ngomoya wakhe.’ (3:5; 7:34; 8:12) NguMarko osichazela ngeemvakalelo zikaYesu ngokubhekisele kumlawuli oselula owayesisityebi, esithi “wamthanda.” (10:21) Yaye obunjani bona ububele esibuphawulayo kwingxelo yokuba uYesu akazange nje kuphela amise umntwana phakathi kwabafundi bakhe kodwa nokuba ‘wamwola,’ yaye ngesinye isihlandlo ‘wabawola abantwana’!—9:36; 10:13-16.

⁶ Ezinye iimpawu zikaPetros zinokubonwa kwisimbo sokubhala sikaMarko, sokusebenzisa intetho equphayo, ehlab’ umxhelo, echukumisayo, edlamkileyo neneenkcukacha. Kubonakala ukuba phantse ukuba akakwazi ukubalisa naziphi na iziganeko ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo. Ngokomzekelo, igama elithi “kwaoko” libonakala ngokuphindaphindiweyo, lilenza eli bali libe kuhlobo lomdlalo.

7. Yintoni engumahluko kwingxelo yeVangeli kaMarko naleyo kaMateyu?

⁷ Nangona uMarko wayenokuyifumana incwadi yeVangeli kaMateyu yaye ingxelo yakhe iqulethe isixhenxe ekhulwini kuphela soko kungekhoyo kwezinye iincwadi zeVangeli, bekuya kuba yimpazamo ukukholelwa kwelokuba uMarko wasuka nje wahlanganisa incwadi yeVangeli kaMateyu waza wongezelela kuphela iinkcukacha ezimbalwa ezikhethekileyo. Ekubeni uMateyu wamchaza uYesu njengoMesiya noKumkani othenjisiweyo, ngoku uMarko uqwalasela ubomi bakhe nemisebenzi yakhe ngokusuka kwenye inkalo. Umchaza uYesu njengoNyana kaThixo owenza imimangaliso, uMsindisi owoyisayo. UMarko ugxininisa kwimisebenzi kaKristu kunakwiintshumayelo nakwiimfundiso zakhe. Kuphela yinxalenye encinane yemizekeliso nengxelo enye yeentshumayelo zikaYesu ezinde achaza ngazo, yaye akathethanga nto ngeNtshumayelo yaseNtabeni. Kungesi sizathu le nto ingxelo yeVangeli kaMarko imfutshane kunezinye, nangona iqulethe iziganeko ezininzi njengezinye. Ubuncinane yimimangaliso eli-19 ekubhekiselwe kuyo ngokukhethekileyo.

8. Ziziphi iimbalasane ezibonisa ukuba incwadi yeVangeli kaMarko ngokucacileyo yabhalelwa amaRoma?

⁸ Ngoxa uMateyu wayeyibhalela amaYuda incwadi yakhe yeVangeli, ngokucacileyo uMarko ngokuyintloko wayebhalela amaRoma. Sikwazi njani oku? UMthetho kaMoses ukhankanywe kuphela xa enikela ingxelo ngencoko ebhekisela kuwo, yaye akathethi nto ngomnombo wokuzalwa kukaYesu. Ivangeli kaKristu ibonakaliswe njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Uthi gqaba-gqaba ecacisa amasiko neemfundiso zamaYuda abanokuba abaqhelananga nazo abafundi abangengomaYuda. (2:18; 7:3, 4; 14:12; 15:42) Amagama esiAramiki aguqulelwe. (3:17; 5:41; 7:11, 34; 14:36; 15:22, 34) Ukhankanya iindawo ezithile zasePalestina aze anikele inkcazelo eyeyomdla ngazo. (1:5, 13; 11:13; 13:3) Ixabiso lemali eyingqekembe yamaYuda lichazwe okwexabiso lemali yamaRoma. (12:42, umbhalo osemazantsi we-NW) Usebenzisa amagama angakumbi esiLatini kunabanye ababhali beencwadi zeVangeli, imizekelo enjengokuthi ispeculator (umlindi), ipraetorium (indlu yerhuluneli), nelithi centurio (umthetheli-khulu).—6:27, NW; 15:16, 39.

9. Incwadi kaMarko yabhalelwa phi yaye nini, ibe yintoni engqina ukunyanisa kwayo?

⁹ Ekubeni kubonakala ukuba uMarko ngokuyintloko wayebhalela amaRoma, kusenokwenzeka ukuba wabhala eseRoma. Imbali yamandulo nokuqulethwe yile ncwadi kuyavumelana nesi sigqibo sokuba yabhalelwa eRoma mhlawumbi ebudeni besihlandlo sokuqala okanye sesibini sokubanjwa kompostile uPawulos, yaye ngenxa yoko ebudeni beminyaka yowama-60-65 C.E. Ngaloo minyaka uMarko wayeseRoma ubuncinane isihlandlo esinye, yaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwade kwakabini. Bonke ababhali abaphambili benkulungwane yesibini neyesithathu bayaqinisekisa ukuba nguMarko ongumbhali wayo. Le ncwadi yeVangeli yayisele isasazwa phakathi kwamaKristu phakathi kwinkulungwane yesibini. Ukubonakala kwayo kulo lonke uludwe lwamandulo lweencwadi zeZibhalo zamaKristu zesiGrike kuqinisekisa ubunyaniso bencwadi yeVangeli kaMarko.

10. Umele ugqalwe njani umqukumbelo omde nomfutshane okwekaMarko, yaye ngoba?

¹⁰ Noko ke, umqukumbelo omde nomfutshane othi maxa wambi wongezelelwe emva kwesahluko 16, indinyana 8 (NW), awumele ugqalwe njengoyinyaniso. Awukho kwinkoliso yemibhalo-ngqangi yamandulo, enjengeSinaitic neVatican No. 1209. Abaphengululi benkulungwane yesine uEusebius noJerome bayavumelana ukuba ingxelo enyanisileyo iqukumbela ngamazwi athi “babesoyika.” Kusenokwenzeka ukuba amanye amazwi okuqukumbela ongezelelwa ngenjongo yokuyondelelanisa le ncwadi yeVangeli ephela ngequbuliso ngolu hlobo.

11. (a) Yintoni engqina ukuba incwadi yeVangeli kaMarko ichanile, yaye liliphi igunya ekugxininiswa kulo? (b) Kutheni oku ‘kuziindaba ezilungileyo’ nje, yaye liliphi ixesha eligutyungelwa yincwadi yeVangeli kaMarko?

¹¹ Isibakala sokuba ingxelo kaMarko ichanile sinokubonwa kwindlela evisisana ngayo ngokupheleleyo incwadi yakhe yeVangeli kungekuphela nje nezinye iincwadi zeVangeli kodwa kwaneZibhalo Ezingcwele ziphela ukususela kwiGenesis ukusa kwiSityhilelo. Ngaphezu koko, uYesu ngokuphindaphindiweyo ubonakaliswa enegunya kungekuphela nje ekuthetheni ilizwi kodwa ngaphezu kwamandla endalo, phezu koSathana needemon, kwizigulo nakwizifo, ewe, nangaphezu kokufa ngokwako. Ngoko uMarko uyiqalisa ingxelo yakhe ngentshayelelo ebangela umdla: “Ukuqaleka kwayo ivangeli [“iindaba ezilungileyo,” NW] kaYesu Kristu.” Ukufika nobulungiseleli bakhe babuthetha “iindaba ezilungileyo,” yaye ngenxa yoku ufundisiso lwencwadi yeVangeli kaMarko lumele lube yingenelo kubo bonke abafundi. Iziganeko ezichazwa nguMarko zigubungela ixesha elisusela kwintwasahlobo yowama-29 C.E. ukusa kweyama-33 C.E.

OKUQULETHWE YEKAMARKO

12. Yintoni ehlanganiswe kwiindinyana ezili-13 zokuqala zekaMarko?

¹² Ubhaptizo nokulingwa kukaYesu (1:1-13). UMarko uziqala iindaba ezilungileyo ngokuchaza uYohane uMbhaptizi. Ungumthunywa owayexelwe kwangaphambili, owayethunywe ukuba avakalise oku: “Wulungiseni umendo weNkosi [“uYehova,” NW]; zityenenezeni iindlela zayo!” NgaLowo uzayo kungekudala, umbhaptizi uthi, “Unamandla kunam.” Ewe, uya kubhaptiza, kungengamanzi, kodwa ngomoya oyingcwele. UYesu ngoku ufika evela eNazarete yelaseGalili, yaye uYohane uyambhaptiza. Umoya onjengehobe uhlela phezu koYesu, yaye kuvakala ilizwi eliphuma ezulwini lisithi: “Wena unguNyana wam oyintanda, endikholisiweyo nguye.” (1:3, 7, 11) UYesu ulingwa nguSathana entlango, yaye izithunywa zezulu ziyamlungiselela. Zonke ezi ziganeko ziphawulekayo zihlanganiswe kwiindinyana ezili-13 zokuqala zikaMarko.

13. Ziziphi iindlela uYesu alibonakalisa kwasekuqaleni ngazo igunya lakhe ‘njengoyiNgcwele kaThixo’?

¹³ UYesu uqalisa ubulungiseleli kwelaseGalili (1:14–6:6). Emva kokubanjwa kukaYohane, uYesu uhamba aye kushumayela iindaba ezilungileyo zikaThixo kwelaseGalili. Esinjani sona ukumangalisa isigidimi anaso! ‘Ubukumkani bukaThixo busondele; guqukani, nikholwe kuzo iindaba ezilungileyo ezi.’ (1:15) Ubiza uSimon, uAndreya, uYakobi noYohane beloba iintlanzi ukuba babe ngabafundi bakhe. NgeSabatha uqalisa ukufundisa endlwini yesikhungu eKapernahum. Abantu bakhwankqisiwe, kuba ufundisa “njengonegunya, engafundisi njengabo ababhali.” Uyalibonakalisa igunya lakhe ‘njengoyiNgcwele kaThixo’ ngokukhupha umoya ongcolileyo owawukwindoda ethile nangokuphilisa umkhwekazi kaSimon, owayephethwe ngumkhuhlane. Ezi ndaba zanwenwa okomlilo wedobo, ibe kwathi kusihlwa wabe “umzi wonke” uhlanganisene ngaphandle kwendlu kaSimon. UYesu uphilisa abaninzi abagulayo aze akhuphe iidemon ezininzi.—1:22, 24, 33.

14. UYesu ulingqina njani igunya analo lokuxolela izono?

¹⁴ UYesu uluvakalisa uthumo lwakhe ngokuthi: “Ukuze . . . ndivakalise iindaba ezilungileyo.” (1:38) Ushumayela etyhutyha lonke elaseGalili. Naphi na apho aya khona, ukhupha iidemon aze aphilise abagulayo, kuquka othile oneqhenqa nofe amalungu omzimba lowo athi kuye: “Uzixolelwe izono zakho.” Bambi ababhali bayacamanga ezintliziyweni zabo besithi, ‘Oku kukunyelisa. AsingoThixo na kuphela onokuxolela izono?’ Ekuqonda oko bakucingayo, uYesu ungqina ukuba “unalo igunya uNyana woMntu lokuxolela izono” ngokuxelela lowo wayefe amalungu omzimba ukuba aphakame aze agoduke. Abantu bayamzukisa uThixo. Xa umbuthi werhafu uLevi (uMateyu) esiba ngumlandeli wakhe, uYesu ubaxelela oku ababhali: “Andize kubiza malungisa, ndize kubiza aboni.” Uzibonakalisa ‘ekwayiNkosi yayo nesabatha.’—2:5, 7, 10, 17, 28.

15. UYesu uvakalisa ntoni ngabo bayikhanyelayo imimangaliso yakhe, yaye uthini ngolwalamano lwentsapho?

¹⁵ Ngoku uYesu umisela iqela labapostile abali-12. Izalamane zakhe zibonakalisa inkcaso ethile, yaye ababhali baseYerusalem bambeka ityala lokukhupha iidemon ngomlawuli weedemon. UYesu ubabuza oku, “Angathini na uSathana ukukhupha uSathana?” aze abalumkise esithi: “Othe wanyelisa uMoya oyiNgcwele, akanako ukuxolelwa naphakade; unetyala lokugwetywa okungunaphakade.” Ebudeni bale ngxubusho, unina nabantakwabo baze kumfuna, yaye uYesu ushukunyiselwa ukuba avakalise athi: “Kuba othe wakwenza ukuthanda kukaThixo, lowo ngumzalwana wam, nodade wethu, noma.”—3:23, 29, 35.

16. Esebenzisa imizekeliso, uYesu ufundisa ntoni ‘ngobukumkani bukaThixo’?

¹⁶ UYesu uqalisa ukufundisa “imfihlelo yobukumkani bukaThixo” ngemizekeliso. Uthetha ngendoda ehlwayela imbewu ethi iwe kwiindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo zomhlaba (ezekelisa iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo zabo baphulaphula ilizwi) nowesibane esikhanya sisesiphathweni saso. Komnye umzekeliso, uYesu uthi uBukumkani bukaThixo bunjengaxa indoda iphosa imbewu emhlabeni: “Kuba umhlaba uvelisa iziqhamo ngokwawo, kuqala ibe likhaba, ize ibe sisikhwebu, ize ibe yingqolowa ezalisekileyo esikhwebini.” (4:11, 28) Kwakhona wenza umzekeliso wokhozo lwemostade, oluthi, nakubeni luyeyona mbewu incinane, lukhule lube lukhulu lube namasebe amakhulu anomthunzi.

17. Imimangaliso kaYesu ibubonakalisa njani ubukhulu begunya lakhe?

¹⁷ Njengoko bewela uLwandle lwaseGalili, ngokungummangaliso uYesu uzolisa umoya ovuthuzayo, yaye ulwandle olunoqhwithela olukhulu luyazola njengoko elukhalimela esithi: “Hlala uthi tu, uthi cwaka!” (4:39) Kwilizwe laseGadara, uYesu ukhupha “umkhosi” weedemon kwindoda ethile aze azivumele ukuba zingene kugxuba lweehagu ezazinokuba ngama-2 000, ezithi, emva koko, zibaleke zihle eliweni zize zirhaxwe elwandle. (5:8-13) Emva koku, uYesu uyawela ebuyela kunxweme olungaphesheya. Ibhinqa elithile liyaphiliswa kwithombo legazi, isifo esingakhange sinyangeke kwiminyaka eli-12 edluleyo, kuphela nje ngokuchukumisa ingubo yangaphandle kaYesu, njengoko esendleleni eya kuvusa intombi kaYayiro eneminyaka eli-12 ubudala. Enyanisweni, uNyana womntu unegunya phezu kobomi nokufa! Noko ke, abantu abakummandla azalelwe kuwo uYesu bayalikhanyela igunya lakhe. Umangalisiwe kukuswela kwabo ukholo kodwa uyaqhubeka “eyihambahamba imizana ejikeleza, efundisa.”—6:6.

18. (a) Ubulungiseleli bukaYesu bandiswa njani? (b) Yintoni eshukumisela uYesu ukuba afundise aze enze imimangaliso?

¹⁸ Ubulungiseleli kwelaseGalili bandisiwe (6:7–9:50). Abali-12 bathunywa ngababini benikwe imiyalelo negunya lokushumayela nokufundisa, lokuphilisa abantu nelokukhupha iidemon. Igama likaYesu liba ngundabamlonyeni, bambi bacinga ukuba unguYohane uMbhaptizi ovuswe kwabafileyo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba oku kumenza anxunguphale uHerode, owayethe ebudeni bombhiyozo wosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa wayalela ukuba uYohane anqunyulwe intloko. Abapostile bayabuya kukhenketho lwabo lokushumayela baze banikele ingxelo yomsebenzi wabo kuYesu. Isihlwele esikhulu sabantu silandela uYesu ngoxa ehamba-hamba kwelaseGalili, yaye ‘usikwa yimfesane ngabo, ngokuba babenjengezimvu ezingenamalusi.’ Ngoko uqalisa ukubafundisa izinto ezininzi. (6:34) Ngothando ukwabalungiselela nokutya okungokwenyama, esondla amadoda angama-5 000 ngezonka ezihlanu neentlanzi ezimbini. Kungekudala emva koko, xa abafundi bakhe kumkhombe wabo betsaliswa nzima luqhwithela njengoko besiya eBhetesayida, uza kubo ehamba phezu kolwandle aze awuzolise loo moya. Kungeso sizathu le nto kwanabafundi bakhe “bathi nqa”!—6:51.

19, 20. (a) UYesu ubaluleka njani ababhali nabaFarisi? (b) Ziziphi iimeko ezakhokelela ukuba noPetros alulekwe?

¹⁹ Kwisithili saseGenesarete, uYesu uxubusha nababhali nabaFarisi baseYerusalem ngokutya ngaphandle kokuhlamba izandla, yaye ubathethisa kabukhali ‘ngokuwuyeka okaThixo umthetho, babambe isithethe sabantu.’ Uthi kubo asikokungena kusuka ngaphandle okumenza inqambi umntu, kodwa koko kuphuma ngaphakathi, entliziyweni, okuthetha ukuthi, “izicamango ezibi.” (7:8, 21) Njengoko esiya ngasentla kwimimandla yaseTire naseTsidon, wenza ummangaliso koweeNtlanga, ekhupha idemon kwintombazana yomSirofenikikazi othile.

²⁰ Ebuyele eGalili, uYesu kwakhona usikwa yimfesane zizihlwele ezimlandelayo aze ondle amadoda angama-4 000 ngezonka ezisixhenxe neentlanzana ezimbalwa. Ulumkisa abafundi bakhe ngegwele labaFarisi nangegwele likaHerode, kodwa ngeli xesha abayiqondi ingongoma. Kwandula ke, kulandele omnye ummangaliso—ukuphiliswa kwendoda eyimfama eBhetesayida. Kwingxubusho eqhubeka ngoxa esendleleni eya kwimizana eseKesareya yakwaFilipi, ngokoyisayo uPetros umchaza uYesu ‘njengoKristu’ kodwa wandula alandule ngamandla xa uYesu ethetha ngobunzima obuzayo nokufa koNyana womntu. Ngenxa yoku, uYesu umkhalimela esithi: “Suka uye emva kwam, Sathana; ngokuba ungazinyamekeli ezikaThixo izinto, unyamekele ezabantu.” (8:29, 33) UYesu uyalela abafundi bakhe ukuba bamlandele bangayeki ngenxa yeendaba ezilungileyo; ukuba baneentloni ngaye, uya kuba neentloni ngabo xa efika esebuqaqawulini bukaYise.

21. (a) Ngoobani ababubona “ubukumkani bukaThixo busiza ngamandla,” yaye njani? (b) UYesu ukugxininisa njani ukubeka tanci uBukumkani?

²¹ Kwiintsuku ezintandathu kamva, xa ephezulu kwintaba ephakamileyo, uPetros, uYakobi noYohane banelungelo lokubona “ubukumkani bukaThixo busiza ngamandla” njengoko bebona uYesu esenziwa kumila kumbi enobuqaqawuli. (9:1) Kwakhona uYesu ubonakalisa igunya lakhe ngokukhupha umoya ongathethiyo kwinkwenkwe ethile, yaye okwesihlandlo sesibini uthetha ngobunzima nokufa okuza kumfikela. Ululeka abafundi bakhe ukuba bangavumeli nantoni na ibathintele ukuba bangene ebomini. Ngaba isandla sakho siyakukhubekisa? Sinqumle! Kuthekani ngonyawo lwakho? Lunqumle! Kuthekani ngeliso lakho? Lilahle kude! Kulunge kanye ukungena eBukumkanini bukaThixo ulimele kunokuba uthi uphelele uphoswe eGehena.

22. Sisiphi isiluleko esibalaselisa ubulungiseleli bukaYesu ePereya?

²² Ubulungiseleli bakhe ePereya (10:1-52). UYesu ungena kwimida yelakwaYuda aze awelele “phesheya kweYordan” (engena ePereya). Ngoku abaFarisi bambuza ngoqhawulo-mtshato, kwaye usebenzisa eli thuba ukuvakalisa imigaqo kaThixo ngomtshato. Indodana esisityebi imbuza ngokubudl’ ilifa ubomi obungunaphakade kodwa ibuhlungu gqitha ukuva ukuba ukuze ibe nobutyebi ezulwini, imele ithengise ngempahla yayo ize ibe ngumlandeli kaYesu. UYesu uxelela abafundi bakhe oku: “Kulula ukuba inkamela iphumele entunjeni yenaliti, kunokuba isityebi singene ebukumkanini bukaThixo.” Ukhuthaza abo baye bancama konke ngenxa yeendaba ezilungileyo, ebathembisa ukwamkeliswa “kalikhulu ngoku . . . ndawonye neentshutshiso; nakwelizayo iphakade, ubomi obungunaphakade.”—10:1, 25, 30.

23. Yiyiphi incoko nommangaliso oqhubekayo endleleni eya eYerusalem?

²³ Ngoku uYesu nabali-12 basendleleni eya eYerusalem. UYesu ubaxelela okwesithathu ngobunzima ajongene nabo nangovuko lwakhe. Uyababuza enoba bakulungele kusini na ukusela kwindebe enye ayiselayo aze abaxelele ukuba: “Nosukuba efuna ukuba ngowokuqala, makabe ngumkhonzi wabo bonke.” Endleleni evela eYeriko, imfama engqibayo idanduluka isecaleni kwendlela isithi: “Yesu nyana kaDavide, ndenzele inceba.” UYesu uyivula amehlo le mfama—lowo ngummangaliso wakhe wokugqibela wokuphilisa ngokwengxelo enikelwa nguMarko.—10:44, 47, 48.

24, 25. (a) Kungaziphi izenzo athi uYesu angqine igunya lakhe? (b) Kungaziphi iingxoxo athi aphendule abo bamchasayo? (c) Sisiphi isilumkiso athi uYesu asinikele kwisihlwele, yaye yintoni ayincomelayo kubafundi bakhe?

²⁴ UYesu eYerusalem nakwimimandla eyingqongileyo (11:1–15:47). Le ngxelo iyaqupha! UYesu ukhwele iesile engena esixekweni, yaye abantu bambiza njengoKumkani. Kusuku olulandelayo ucoca itempile. Ababingeleli abakhulu nababhali bayamoyika baze bafune ukuba abulawe. Bayabuza besithi: “Uzenza ezi zinto ngagunya lini na?” (11:28) Ngobuchule uYesu lo mbuzo uwuguqulela kubo aze abenzele umzekeliso wabalimi ababulala indlalifa yesidiliya. Bayayifumana ingongoma baze bamshiye.

²⁵ Ngokulandelayo bathumela abaFarisi abathile ukuze bambambise ngombandela werhafu. Ebiza idenariyo, uyabuza esithi: “Ngokabani na lo mfanekiso nombhalo?” Baphendula besithi: “NgokaKesare.” Wandula ke uYesu athi: “Nikelani izinto zikaKesare kuKesare, nezinto zikaThixo kuThixo.” Ngenxa yoku bayamangaliswa! (12:16, 17) Ngoku abaSadusi, abangakholelwayo eluvukweni, bazama ukumbambisa ngombuzo othi: ‘Ukuba umfazi ubenamadoda asixhenxe ngokulandelelanayo, uya kuba ngumfazi kabani eluvukweni?’ Ngokukhawuleza uYesu uphendula ngokuthi abo bavuswa kwabafileyo baya kuba “njengazo izithunywa ezisemazulwini,” kuba abasayi kutshata. (12:19-23, 25) Omnye kubabhali umbuza esithi: “Owona mthetho uphambili kuyo yonke nguwuphi na?” UYesu uphendula ngokuthi: “Owona ungaphambili kuyo yonke imithetho ngulo: Yiva, Sirayeli, iNkosi uThixo wethu yiNkosi inye; uze uyithande ke iNkosi uThixo wakho ngentliziyo yakho iphela, nangomphefumlo wakho uphela, nangengqondo yakho iphela, nangamandla akho ephela. Nguwo lo ongaphambili umthetho. Nowesibini ufana nawo; nangu: Uze umthande ummelwane wakho njengoko uzithanda ngako.” (12:28-31) Emva koku, akukho namnye unobuganga bokumbuza nto. Igunya likaYesu lokuba ngumfundisi ogqibeleleyo liyaxhaswa. Isihlwele esikhulu siphulaphula sivuya, yaye uYesu ubalumkisa ngababhali abaziphakamisileyo. Wandula ke ancome kubafundi bakhe umhlolokazi osweleyo owanikela kakhulu kunabo bonke kumkhumbi wokugcina imali etempileni, kuba iimalana zakhe ezimbini zazikuko “konke abenako, impilo yakhe iphela.”—12:44.

26. Yiyiphi ekuphela kwentshumayelo ende uMarko anikela ingxelo ngayo yaye iphela ngasiphi isiluleko?

²⁶ Ehleli eNtabeni yemiNquma malungana netempile, uYesu uxelela ngasese abafundi bakhe “umqondiso” wokupheliswa kwezi zinto. (Le kuphela kwentshumayelo ende aye wanikela ingxelo ngayo uMarko, yaye ihambisana naleyo kaMateyu isahluko 24 nesama-25.) Iqukunjelwa ngesiluleko sikaYesu esithi: “Kodwa akukho bani uwaziyo loo mhla nelo lixa, azazi nezithunywa ezisemazulwini, akazi noNyana lo, kuphela nguYise. Oko ndikutsho kuni, ndikutsho kubo bonke, Lindani.”—13:4, 32, 37.

27. Chaza iziganeko ezikhokelela ekungcatshweni kukaYesu eGetsemane.

²⁷ KwiBhetani engekude umfazi othile uthambisa uYesu ngamafutha aqholiweyo axabiso likhulu. Bambi bayakukhalazela oku besithi yinkcitho, kodwa uYesu uthi esi sisenzo esihle, ukulungiselela umngcwabo wakhe. Ngexesha elimisiweyo, uYesu nabali-12 bahlanganisana esixekweni belungiselela iPasika. Ubazisa lowo uza kumngcatsha aze asungule isidlo sangokuhlwa sesikhumbuzo nabafundi bakhe abathembekileyo, baze bahambe besiya kwiNtaba yemiNquma. Endleleni uYesu ubaxelela ukuba baza kukhubeka bonke. UPetros udanduluka esithi: “Mna nakanye.” Kodwa uYesu uthi kuye: “Kwangobu busuku, ingekalili kabini inkuku, uya kundikhanyela kathathu.” Bakufika kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yiGetsemane, uYesu uya kwindawo engasese aze athandaze, exelela abafundi bakhe ukuba balinde. Umthandazo wakhe ufikelela incopho ngamazwi athi: “Abha, Bawo, zonke izinto zinokwenzeka kuwe; yigqithise kum le ndebe; noko ke makungabi kokuthandwa ndim, makube kokuthandwa nguwe.” Izihlandlo ezithathu uYesu ubuyela kubafundi bakhe, yaye ngazo zozithathu ezi zihlandlo ubafumanisa belele, kwanangalo “ixesha elinjengeli”! (14:29, 30, 36, 41, NW) Kodwa ixesha lifikile! Khangela!—nanko umngcatshi!

28. UYesu ubanjwa aze abonakale phambi kombingeleli omkhulu phantsi kwaziphi iimeko?

²⁸ UYuda uyasondela aze amange uYesu. Lo ngumqondiso kumadoda axhobileyo ombingeleli omkhulu ukuba ambambe. Amzisa enkundleni yombingeleli omkhulu, apho abaninzi banikela ubungqina bobuxoki ngaye, kodwa ubungqina babo abuvumelani. UYesu uthi cwaka. Ekugqibeleni umbingeleli omkhulu uyambuza esithi: “Unguye na uKristu, uNyana waLowo ungowokubongwa?” UYesu uphendula esithi, “Ndinguye.” Umbingeleli omkhulu udanduluka esithi, ‘Uyanyelisa!’ yaye bonke bamgweba njengofanelwe kukufa. (14:61-64) Kwintendelezo engaphantsi, uPetros umkhanyele kathathu uYesu. Inkuku ilila okwesibini, yaye uPetros, ekhumbula amazwi kaYesu, uba buhlungu gqitha aze alile.

29. UMarko unikela yiphi ingxelo ngokusiwa kukaYesu ematyaleni okokugqibela nokubulawa kwakhe, yaye uBukumkani bubonakaliswa njani njengembambano?

²⁹ Kwaoko lakuphuma ilanga iNkundla Ephakamileyo yamaYuda iyahlanganisana ize imthumele uYesu ekhonkxiwe kuPilato. Ukhawuleza aqonde ukuba uYesu akasiso isaphuli-mthetho aze azame ukumkhulula. Noko ke, ngokunyanzelwa lihlokondiba elivuselelwe ngababingeleli abakhulu, ekugqibeleni uyamnikela uYesu ukuba abethelelwe. UYesu uziswa eGologota (gama elo elithetha “Indawo Yokakayi”) aze abethelelwe, isityholo abambeka sona sibhalwe ngaphezulu ngokuthi: “UKUMKANI WAMAYUDA.” Abadlula ngendlela bayamnyelisa besithi: “Abanye wabasindisa; yena ngokwakhe akanakuzisindisa.” Emin’ emaqanda (ngeyure yesithandathu) kuba mnyama kuwo wonke loo mmandla de kube yintsimbi yesithathu. Wandula ke uYesu adanduluke ngelizwi eliphakamileyo esithi, “Thixo wam! Thixo wam! undishiyeleni na?” aze afe. Akuzibona ezi zinto, umthetheli-khulu uthi: “Inyaniso, lo mntu ubenguNyana kaThixo.” UYosefu waseArimati, omnye olilungu leNkundla Ephakamileyo yamaYuda kodwa onokholo kuBukumkani bukaThixo, ucela umzimba kaYesu kuPilato aze awufake engcwabeni elembiwe eliweni.—15:22, 26, 31, 34, 39.

30. Kusuku lokuqala lweveki, yintoni eyenzeka engcwabeni?

³⁰ Iziganeko emva kokufa kukaYesu (16:1-8). Kwakusasa ngosuku lokuqala lweveki, abafazi abathathu baya engcwabeni. Bayamangaliswa kukufumanisa ukuba ilitye elikhulu ebelisemnyangweni wengcwaba liqengqiwe. “Indodana” ehleli ngaphakathi ibaxelela ukuba uYesu uvusiwe. (16:5) Akasekho apho kodwa uyabandulela ukuya kwelaseGalili. Bayabaleka ukusuka engcwabeni, bengcangcazela yaye besoyika.

ISIZATHU SOKUBA IBE YINGENELO

31. (a) UMarko ubunikela njani ubungqina bokuba uYesu unguMesiya? (b) Yintoni engqina igunya likaYesu njengoNyana kaThixo, yaye yintoni awayigxininisayo?

³¹ Ngalo mfanekiso ucacileyo nobhaliweyo kaYesu Kristu, bonke abo bafunda le ngxelo kaMarko, ukususela kumaxesha amandulo obuKristu de kube ngoku, baye bakwazi ukubona inzaliseko yeziprofeto ezininzi zeZibhalo zesiHebhere ngokuphathelele uMesiya. Ukususela kumazwi acatshuliweyo okuvula athi, “Yabona, mna ndithuma umthunywa wam ngaphambi kobuso bakho,” ukusa kumazwi abuhlungu kaYesu esemthini athi, “Thixo wam! Thixo wam! undishiyeleni na?” ingxelo epheleleyo yobulungiseleli bakhe benkuthalo, njengoko ibhalwe nguMarko iyavisisana noko kwaxelwa ngaphambili ziZibhalo zesiHebhere. (Marko 1:2; 15:34; Mal. 3:1; INdu. 22:1) Ngaphezu koko, imimangaliso nemisebenzi yakhe ekhwankqisayo, imfundiso yakhe ephilileyo, iingxoxo zakhe zokumela inyaniso ezingenakubekwa bala, ukuxhomekeka kwakhe ngokupheleleyo kwiLizwi likaYehova nakumoya wakhe nokuzalusa kwakhe ngothando izimvu—konke oku kumphawula njengaLowo oze ngegunya njengoNyana kaThixo. Wafundisa “njengonegunya,” gunya elo alifumene kuYehova, yaye wagxininisa ‘ukushumayela iindaba ezilungileyo zikaThixo,’ zokuba, ‘ubukumkani bukaThixo busondele,’ njengomsebenzi wakhe oyintloko apha emhlabeni. Iimfundiso zakhe ziye zangqineka ziyingenelo engenakuthelekiswa nanto kubo bonke abo baye baziphulaphula.—Marko 1:22, 14, 15.

32. UMarko ulisebenzisa izihlandlo ezingaphi ibinzana elithi “ubukumkani bukaThixo,” yaye yiyiphi eminye imigaqo ekhokelayo ayimiselayo yokuzuza ubomi ngoBukumkani?

³² UYesu wathi kubafundi bakhe: “Nikuphiwe nina ukuyazi imfihlelo yobukumkani bukaThixo.” UMarko usebenzisa ibinzana elithi “ubukumkani bukaThixo” izihlandlo ezili-14 aze andlale imigaqo ekhokelayo emininzi kwabo baya kuzuza ubomi ngoBukumkani. UYesu wathi: “Othe wawulahla umphefumlo wakhe ngenxa yam, nangenxa yeendaba ezilungileyo ezi, wowusindisa.” Nantoni na esisiphazamiso ekuzuzeni ubomi imele ishenxiswe: “Kukulungele kanye ukungena ebukumkanini bukaThixo unaliso linye, kunokuba uthi, unamehlo amabini, uphoswe esihogweni somlilo [“eGehena,” NW].” UYesu wahlabela mgama esithi: “Othe akabamkela ubukumkani bukaThixo njengomntwana, akayi kukha angene kubo,” yaye, “Hayi, ukuba ngenkankulu ukuya kungena kwabo banobutyebi ebukumkanini bukaThixo!” Wathi lowo uqondayo ukuba ukugcina imithetho emibini emikhulu kunexabiso elingaphezu kunawo onke amadini atshiswayo nemibingelelo ‘akakude ebukumkanini bukaThixo.’ Ezi nezinye iimfundiso ezingoBukumkani ezikwincwadi yeVangeli kaMarko ziqulethe isiluleko esihle esinokusisebenzisa ebomini bethu bemihla ngemihla.—4:11; 8:35; 9:43-48; 10:13-15, 23-25; 12:28-34.

33. (a) Sinokungenelwa njani kwincwadi yeVangeli kaMarko? (b) Liliphi ikhondo efanele incwadi kaMarko isikhuthazele kulo, yaye ngoba?

³³ Iindaba ezilungileyo “ngokubhalwe nguMarko” mhlawumbi zinokufundwa zonke kwiyure enye okanye kwezimbini, zimnika umfundi inkumbulo echukumisayo, ekhawulezileyo nenamandla yobulungiseleli bukaYesu. Ukuyifunda nje ngokutyibilikayo ngolo hlobo le ngxelo iphefumlelweyo, kuquka nokuyifundisisa ngenyameko uze ucamngce ngayo, kuya kusoloko kungqineka kuyingenelo. Incwadi yeVangeli kaMarko iyingenelo kumaKristu atshutshiswayo namhlanje ngendlela efana naleyo yenkulungwane yokuqala, kuba amaKristu okwenyaniso ngoku ajamelene ‘namaxesha anomngcipheko’ yaye ayalufuna olo khokelo luphefumlelweyo olunjengolu lufunyanwa kule ngxelo ephathelele lowo unguMzekelo wethu, uYesu Kristu. Yifunde, ziyolise ngengxelo yayo echukumisayo uze uzuze ukhuthazo lokulandela emanyathelweni eMbangi eyiNtloko noMgqibelelisi wokholo lwethu, uYesu, unolweyiseko oluvuyisayo olunjengolo walubonisayo. (2 Tim. 3:1; Heb. 12:2) Ewe, mjonge njengendoda ekhutheleyo, khuthazwa yinzondelelo yakhe, uze uxelise ingqibelelo yakhe engalalanisiyo nokungafihlisi kwakhe ebudeni bezilingo neentshutshiso. Zuza intuthuzelo kweli candelo lityebileyo leZibhalo eziphefumlelweyo. Malibe yingenelo kuwe kusukelo lwakho lobomi obungunaphakade!

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]