Izifundo Ezisekelwe KwiZibhalo Eziphefumlelweyo Nemvelaphi Yazo

Isifundo 7—IBhayibhile Kumaxesha Anamhlanje

Le yimbali yemibutho yeBhayibhile; umsebenzi weWatch Tower Society wokushicilela nokupapasha iiBhayibhile; ukuveliswa kweNew World Translation.

1. (a) Kwakungenxa yayiphi injongo awathi uThixo waqhagamshelana nabantu, yaye kutheni ke ngoko ezinye izihlandlo zoko zingazange zibhalwe? (b) Yiyiphi imiyalelo ekhethekileyo uYehova awayinika abaprofeti bakhe abaninzi, yaye oku kunayiphi ingenelo kuthi kule “mihla yokugqibela”?

IZIBHALO Ezingcwele, iincwadi ezingama-66 eziphefumlelweyo esizazi namhlanje njengeBhayibhile, ziqulethe “ilizwi likaYehova” elibhalwe phantsi. (Isa. 66:5) Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane ezininzi eli “lizwi” liye laphuma ngokungenakuthintelwa livela kuYehova lisiya kubaprofeti nakubakhonzi bakhe abasemhlabeni. Oku kuqhagamshelana kukaThixo nabantu kuye kwaphumeza injongo yako yelo xesha kwaza kwakhona kwanikela iziprofeto ezinamandla zeziganeko ezithile ezimele zenzeke kwixesha elalingekude. Kwakungasoloko kuyimfuneko ngabaprofeti bakaThixo ukuba balibhale phantsi “ilizwi likaYehova” elalidluliselwa kubo. Ngokomzekelo, wambi amazwi kaEliya noElisha awathethwa kwizizukulwana zexesha labo awazange alondolozwe ngokubhalwa phantsi. Kwelinye icala, umprofeti uMoses, uIsaya, uYeremiya, uHabhakuki nabanye bazuza imiyalelo ethile yokuba ‘balibhale phantsi’ okanye ‘balibhale encwadini okanye kumsongo’ “ilizwi likaYehova” elalityhilwa kubo. (Eks. 17:14; Isa. 30:8; Yer. 30:2; Hab. 2:2; ISityhi. 1:11) Ngaloo ndlela ke alondolozwa “amazwi abethethiwe ngenxa engaphambili ngabaprofeti abangcwele,” ndawonye neminye imibhalo engcwele, ukuze kuvuselelwe amandla okucinga ngokucacileyo abakhonzi bakaYehova nangokukodwa ukubakhokela kule “imihla yokugqibela.”—2 Pet. 3:1-3.

2. Ngawaphi amaxesha embalini aye aphawuleka ngomsebenzi owandisiweyo wokukhuphela nokuguqulela iBhayibhile?

² Ukukhutshelwa okuninzi kweZibhalo zesiHebhere eziphefumlelweyo kwenziwa ukususela kwixesha likaEzra ukusa phambili. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokuqala yeXesha Eliqhelekileyo, iBhayibhile yakhutshelwa yaza yaphinda yakhutshelwa ngamaKristu okuqala yaye yasetyenziswa ekunikeleni ubungqina ngokuphathelele iinjongo zikaYehova ezingoKristu Wakhe ukutyhubela yonke imimandla yehlabathi eyayisaziwa ngelo xesha. Xa ukushicilela ngohlobo loonobumba ababenokushenxiswa baze bathatyathelwe indawo ngabanye xa kuyimfuneko kwaba yinto eqhelekileyo (ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-15 ukusa phambili) kwenziwa iphulo elingakumbi lokwandisa nelokusasaza imibhalo ekhutshelweyo yeBhayibhile. Amaqela azimeleyo enza iinguqulelo noshicilelo olukhulu ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17. Kwangowe-1800, iBhayibhile yayifumaneka iphelele okanye ingamacandelo athile ngeelwimi ezingama-71.

IMIBUTHO YEBHAYIBHILE

3. Sisiphi isibakala esiye safak’ isandla kakhulu kusasazo olwandisiweyo lweBhayibhile ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19?

³ Kwabakho ifuthe elingakumbi kulo msebenzi ngenkulungwane ye-19 neyama-20, xa imibutho yeBhayibhile eyayisandul’ ukusekwa yaqalisa ukubandakanyeka kumsebenzi omkhulu wokusasaza iBhayibhile. Owona mbutho wakuqala wale mibutho yeBhayibhile yayinguMbutho WeBhayibhile WaseBritani Nowamanye Amazwe, owawusekwe eLondon ngowe-1804. Ukusekwa kwalo mbutho weBhayibhile kwabangela ukusekwa kwemibutho emininzi engakumbi.a

4. (a) Ngawaphi amanani angqina ukuba ilizwi lobomi liye lasasazwa ngokwenene ukutyhubela wonke umhlaba? (b) Yiyiphi inkcazelo eluncedo ekwisicangca esikwiphepha 322 engeenguqulelo ezahlukahlukeneyo zeBhayibhile ezidwelisiweyo? Zekelisa oku ngokubhekisela kwinguqulelo ethile ekhethekileyo yeBhayibhile.

⁴ Ngenxa yokusebenza kwemibutho yeBhayibhile emininzi kangako, umsebenzi wokusasaza iBhayibhile wanda. Ngonyaka we-1900, iBhayibhile iyonke okanye inxalenye yayo yayisele ifumaneka ngeelwimi ezingama-567, yaye ngowe-1928, ngeelwimi ezingama-856. Ngowe-1938 kwadlulelwa ngaphaya kwewaka, yaye ngoku iBhayibhile inokufumaneka ngeelwimi ezingaphezu kwe-1 900. Ilizwi likaYehova lobomi elihlaziyayo liye lasasazwa emhlabeni wonke! Ngaloo ndlela, kuye kwaba nokwenzeka ukuba abantu bazo zonke iintlanga basabele kubizo oluthi: “Yidumiseni iNkosi [uYehova, NW], nonke nina zintlanga, niyibonge, nonke nina bantu.” (Roma 15:11) Isicangca esikwiphepha 322 esithi, “Iinguqulelo Ezithile Ezibalaseleyo zeBhayibhile Ngeelwimi Ezisixhenxe Eziphambili,” sinikela ingxelo engakumbi ngokusasazwa kweBhayibhile kwezi mini.

5. Yintoni ede yabaluleka ngakumbi kunokusasazwa kweBhayibhile, ukanti yintoni anombulelo ngayo amaNgqina kaYehova?

⁵ Nangona ukwenza iBhayibhile ifumaneke kwizihlwele zabantu abasemhlabeni kungumsebenzi oncomekayo, ukusetyenziswa kwezi Bhayibhile ekuncedeni abantu bayiqonde iBhayibhile kungumsebenzi ode wabaluleka ngakumbi. Yayikukudluliselwa ‘kokuqonda’ kwelizwi okwakubalulekile kumaxesha amaYuda nawamaKristu okuqala, xa zazimbalwa iiBhayibhile ezazifumaneka, yaye oku kuseyeyona nto ibalulekileyo nangoku. (Mat. 13:23; Neh. 8:8) Noko ke, lo msebenzi wokufundisa abantu abasemhlabeni wonke iLizwi likaThixo uye wakhawuleziswa ngokusasazwa okubanzi kweBhayibhile. Njengoko amaNgqina kaYehova namhlanje etyhalela phambili ngomsebenzi wawo wokufundisa ngeBhayibhile owenziwa emhlabeni wonke, ayavuya kuba ngoku izigidi zeeBhayibhile zifumaneka kumazwe amaninzi nangeelwimi ezininzi.

AMANGQINA KAYEHOVA NJENGABAPAPASHI BEBHAYIBHILE

6. AmaNgqina kaYehova aye aphawuleka ngawuphi umsebenzi namhlanje kuquka nakumaxesha amandulo?

⁶ AmaNgqina kaYehova angabantu abapapasha iBhayibhile. Oku kwakunjalo ngemihla kaEzra. Kwakunjalo ngemihla yabafundi bamandulo bakaYesu Kristu, abalizalisa ihlabathi lamandulo ngemibhalo yabo yeBhayibhile eyayibhalwe ngesandla kangangokuba eli lifa lobutyebi esilizuzileyo lemibhalo-ngqangi ekhutshelweyo yemibhalo ligqwese nelaluphi na olunye uncwadi olwalubhaliwe lwamandulo. Ngoku, kula maxesha anamhlanje, amaNgqina kaYehova aziwa njengabapapashi beBhayibhile abakhuthele kwangolo hlobo kulo msebenzi.

7. AmaNgqina kaYehova aseka liphi iqumrhu? nini? yaye aqalisa njani ukukhulisa ubulungiseleli bawo ngelo xesha?

⁷ Ngowe-1884 amaNgqina kaYehova aseka iqumrhu lokuqhubela phambili umsebenzi wawo wokupapasha iBhayibhile, iqumrhu elaziwa ngoku njengeWatch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. Ekuqaleni iiBhayibhile zazithengwa kweminye imibutho yeeBhayibhile ukuze ziphinde zisasazwe ngala maNgqina, awayesaqalisa nangoko ukwandisa umsebenzi wawo owaphawulayo wobulungiseleli bendlu ngendlu. IKing James Version yowe-1611 yesiNgesi yayisetyenziwa njengenguqulelo esisiseko yofundisiso lwawo lweBhayibhile.

8. (a) IWatch Tower Bible and Tract Society iye yavisisana njani negama layo? (b) UMbutho uye wazisebenzisa njani iinguqulelo ezininzi zeBhayibhile, yaye ngawuphi umphumo?

⁸ Ivisisana negama layo, iWatch Tower Bible and Tract Society iye yabandakanyeka ekusasazeni iiBhayibhile ndawonye nokupapasha iincwadi, amaphecana, nolunye uncwadi lwamaKristu. Iye yakwenza oku ngenjongo yokufundisa iimfundiso ezichanileyo zeLizwi likaThixo. Imfundo yayo yeBhayibhile iye yanceda abathandi bobulungisa ukuba bakhululeke kwizithethe zonqulo lobuxoki nakwintanda-bulumko yehlabathi nokuba babuyele kwinkululeko yenyaniso yeBhayibhile njengoko yatyhilwa nguYesu nezinye izithethi ezizinikeleyo zikaYehova. (Yoh. 8:31, 32) Ukususela kwixesha lokuqaliswa kokupapashwa kweMboniselo (ngesiNgesi) ngowe-1879, iimpapasho zeWatch Tower Society ziye zacaphula, zalathisela zaza zabhekisela kwiinguqulelo ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo zeBhayibhile. Ngaloo ndlela, lo Mbutho uye wakuqonda ukubaluleka kwazo zonke yaye uye wazisebenzisa ngokuyingenelo njengezixabisekileyo ekushenxiseni ukudideka okungokonqulo nasekubhengezeni isigidimi sikaThixo.

9. UMbutho waqalisa njani ukupapasha iBhayibhile?

⁹ IBhayibhile KaRotherham NekaHolman. Ngowe-1896 amaNgqina kaYehova, ngeWatch Tower Society, angena ngokungqalileyo emsebenzini njengabapapashi nabasasazi beBhayibhile. Kuloo nyaka kwafunyanwa amalungelo okushicilela kumguquleli weBhayibhile waseBritani uJoseph B. Rotherham ukuze kupapashwe eUnited States uhlelo oluhlaziyiweyo lweshumi elinesibini lwenguqulelo yakhe yeNew Testament. Kwiphepha lomxholo lale mibhalo ishicilelweyo, kwakukho igama leWatch Tower Bible and Tract Society, Allegheny, Pennsylvania, apho ikomkhulu loMbutho lalisekwe khona ngelo xesha. Ngowe-1901 kwenziwa amalungiselelo okwenza ushicilelo olukhethekileyo lweHolman Linear Bible, eyayinamanqaku acacisayo aseludinini awayevela kwiimpapasho zoMbutho zowe-1895 kuse kowe-1901. Umongo weBhayibhile wona wawuthatyathelwe kwiKing James Version, nakwiRevised Version yeZibhalo zesiHebhere nezesiGrike. Lulonke olu hlelo lwemibhalo engama-5 000 lwalusele lusasaziwe ngonyaka we-1903.

10. Yiyiphi inguqulelo yeZibhalo zesiGrike uMbutho owaqala ukuyipapasha ngowe-1902?

¹⁰ IThe Emphatic Diaglott. Ngowe-1902 iWatch Tower Society yazuza ilungelo lokushicilela yaba yekuphela kwepapasha nesasaza iThe Emphatic Diaglott. Le nguqulelo yeZibhalo zamaKristu zesiGrike yalungiselelwa ngumguquleli weBhayibhile oliNgesi, uBenjamin Wilson, waseGeneva, eIllinois. Yagqitywa ngowe-1864. Yasebenzisa umbhalo wesiGrike kaJ. J. Griesbach, nenguqulelo yesiNgesi ethe ngqo yegama negama nenguqulelo kaWilson esebenzisa iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zakhe zokugxininisa.

11. UMbutho walupapasha nini “Uhlelo LwaBafundi BeBhayibhile” (lwesiNgesi), ibe le yayiqulethe ntoni?

¹¹ Uhlelo Lwabafundi BeBhayibhile. Ngowe-1907 iWatch Tower Society yapapasha iBhayibhile ethi “Uhlelo LwaBafundi BeBhayibhile” (ngesiNgesi). Lo mqulu wawunombhalo ocacileyo weBhayibhile eyiKing James Version yaye wawuquka amanqaku abalaseleyo aseludinini, ndawonye nesihlomelo esixabisekileyo esasiyilwe ngamaNgqina kaYehova. Esi sihlomelo, esathi kamva sandiswa saba ngamaphepha angaphezu kwangama-550, sabizwa ngokuba yi-“Berean Bible Teachers Manual” (Incwadi Yesikhokelo Yabafundisi BeBhayibhile BaseBhereya) yaye sakwapapashwa njengencwadi ezimele yodwa. Sasinamagqabaza amafutshane ngeendinyana ezininzi zeBhayibhile, sineembekiselo zeMboniselo (yesiNgesi) neencwadi zoMbutho zesikhokelo, noshwankathelo lwemibandela yemfundiso esisiseko oluhambisana nezibhalo eziziintloko zokwenza kube lula ukuzidlulisela kwabanye. Le yayifana nempapasho yoMbutho yamva ethi “Make Sure of All Things.” Kwakhona okwakuqukiwe yayisisalathiso semibandela, iingcaciso zemibhalo enzima, uludwe lweendinyana ezibubuxoki, isalathiso seSibhalo, ubalo-maxesha olusemgangathweni neemaphu ezili-12. Le Bhayibhile ifanelekileyo iye yaluncedo kumaNgqina kaYehova kangangamashumi eminyaka kumsebenzi wawo wokushumayela esidlangalaleni.

UMBUTHO WOKUSHICILELA IBHAYIBHILE

12. UMbutho waqalisa nini ukushicilela iBhayibhile?

¹² Kangangeminyaka engama-30 iWatch Tower Society yasebenzisa imizi-mveliso yangaphandle ukushicilela iiBhayibhile zayo. Noko ke, ngoDisemba 1926, iThe Emphatic Diaglott yaba yinguqulelo yokuqala yeBhayibhile ukushicilelwa ngoomatshini boMbutho bokushicilela eBrooklyn, eNew York. Ukushicilelwa kolu hlelo lweZibhalo zamaKristu zesiGrike kwaxhokonxa ithemba lokuba ngenye imini kuya kushicilelwa iBhayibhile epheleleyo koomatshini bokushicilela boMbutho.

13. (a) Yiyiphi iBhayibhile yokuqala epheleleyo eyashicilelwa nguMbutho, yaye yakhutshwa nini? (b) Ziziphi iimbalasane eziluncedo eyayiziqulethe?

¹³ IKing James Version. IMfazwe Yehlabathi II yayigxininisa imfuneko yoshicilelo lweBhayibhile oluzimeleyo. Ngoxa imfazwe yomhlaba wonke yayikwincopho yayo, uMbutho wakwazi ukuthenga amacwecwe apheleleyo eBhayibhile yeKing James Version. KwakungoSeptemba 18, 1942, kwiNdibano Yolawulo Lobuthixo Lwelizwe Elitsha yamaNgqina kaYehova, iziko eliyintloko lendibano liseCleveland, eOhio, awathi umongameli woMbutho wathetha ngomxholo othi “Ukunikela ‘Ikrele Lomoya.’” Njengencopho yale ntetho yakhe, wakhupha iBhayibhile yokuqala epheleleyo eyayishicilelwe ngumzi-mveliso weWatch Tower Society oseBrooklyn. Kwisihlomelo sayo yanikela uludwe lwezibizo-ngqo neentsingiselo zazo, “Isalathi-magama Samagama Namabinzana EBhayibhile,” esasilungiselelwe ngokukhethekileyo ezinye izinto eziluncedo. Umxholo ofanelekileyo wawubonisiwe kwiphepha ngalinye phezulu. Ngokomzekelo, othi “Jephthah’s earnest vow” (Isifungo sikaYafete sokunyaniseka) wathabathel’ indawo owawusetyenziswa othi “Jephthah’s rash vow” (Isifungo sikaYafete sokungxama)” kuBagwebi 11, nothi “Prehuman existence and human birth of God’s Word” (Ubukho bangaphambi kokuba ngumntu nokuzalwa njengomntu koLizwi kaThixo) wabonakala kwisahluko 1 sikaYohane.

14. Yiyiphi inguqulelo ephuculiweyo yeBhayibhile eyashicilelwa nguMbutho ngowe-1944, yaye ziziphi iimbalasane le Bhayibhile eyayinazo?

¹⁴ IAmerican Standard Version. Enye inguqulelo yeBhayibhile ebalulekileyo yiAmerican Standard Version yowe-1901. Eyona nto ibalasele ngayo kukuguqulela igama likaThixo ngokuthi “Yehova” phantse izihlandlo ezingama-7 000 kwiZibhalo zesiHebhere. Emva kothethathethwano olude, iWatch Tower Society ngowe-1944, yavunyelwa ukuba ingakhupha intlawulelo ize inikwe ilungelo lokusebenzisa amacwecwe ayo yonke inguqulelo yeBhayibhile eyiAmerican Standard Version ukuze iwashicilele kwabayo oomatshini bokushicilela. NgoAgasti 10, 1944, eBuffalo, eNew York, isixeko esiyintloko seendibano ezili-17 zamaNgqina kaYehova ezaziqhubeka ngaxeshanye zinxityelelaniswe ngeentambo zeminxeba engeyiyo ekawonke wonke, umongameli woMbutho wabangela imincili kwinyambalala yabaphulaphuli bakhe ngokukhupha uhlelo lweWatch Tower lweAmerican Standard Version. Isihlomelo sayo siquka “Isalathi-magama Samazwi Amagama Namabinzana EBhayibhile,” esisesona siluncedo nesongezelelekileyo. Uhlelo olulingene ipokotho lwaloo Bhayibhile inye lwapapashwa ngowe-1958.

15. Yiyiphi inguqulelo eyaveliswa nguMbutho ngowe-1972?

¹⁵ IThe Bible in Living English. Ngowe-1972 iWatch Tower Society yavelisa iThe Bible in Living English, kaSteven T. Byington ongasekhoyo. Ngokungaguquguqukiyo iguqulela igama likaThixo ngokuthi “Yehova.”

16. Nguwuphi umsebenzi ontlu-mbini athe amaNgqina kaYehova ngaloo ndlela abandakanyeka kuwo?

¹⁶ Ngaloo ndlela, amaNgqina kaYehova awashumayeli nje kuphela iindaba ezilungileyo zoBukumkani bukaThixo obumiselweyo kumazwe angaphezu kwama-200 neziqithi zomhlaba wonke kodwa kwakhona aye, ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, angabashicileli nabapapashi beNcwadi enexabiso elingenakulinganiswa nanto equlethe isigidimi soBukumkani, iZibhalo Ezingcwele eziphefumlelwe nguYehova uThixo.

INEW WORLD TRANSLATION OF THE HOLY SCRIPTURES

17. (a) Ezi nguqulelo zininzi zeBhayibhile ziye zaluncedo njani, yaye sekunjalo ziziphi iimpazamo ezaziqulethwe zizo? (b) Ukususela ngowe-1946, yintoni ebinqwenelwa ngumongameli weWatch Tower Bible and Tract Society?

¹⁷ AmaNgqina kaYehova ayazixabisa iinguqulelo ezininzi zeBhayibhile aye azisebenzisa ekufundisiseni inyaniso yeLizwi likaThixo. Noko ke, zonke ezi nguqulelo, ukusa kweyona yokugqibela, zineempazamo zazo. Kukho ukungavumelani okuthile okanye iinguqulelo eziguqulelwe ngendlela enganelisiyo, eziye zanezithethe zamahlelo okanye iintanda-bulumko zehlabathi yaye ngenxa yoko azivisisani ngokupheleleyo neenyaniso ezingcwele uYehova azibhale eLizwini lakhe. Ingakumbi ukususela ngowe-1946, umongameli weWatch Tower Bible and Tract Society ubesoloko enomnqweno onamandla wokuba kuveliswe inguqulelo enokuthenjwa yeZibhalo ngokusuka kwiilwimi zantlandlolo—inguqulelo elandelekayo kubafundi bezi mini kanye njengoko imibhalo yantlandlolo yayilandeleka kubantu abakrelekrele nabaqhelekileyo bexesha lokubhalwa kweBhayibhile.

18. Kwenzeka njani ukuba uMbutho ube ngabapapashi nabashicileli beNew World Translation?

¹⁸ NgoSeptemba 3, 1949, kwikomkhulu loMbutho eliseBrooklyn, umongameli waxelela iQumrhu Labalathisi ukuba kukho iNew World Bible Translation Committee kwaye yayiyigqibile inguqulelo yezi mini yeZibhalo zamaKristu zesiGrike. Uxwebhu lwale komiti lwafundwa, eyathi ngalo le komiti yanikela ilungelo, ukulawulwa, nokupapashwa kombhalo-ngqangi wenguqulelo kuMbutho, nto leyo eyayibonisa ukwamkelwa komsebenzi woMbutho ongasekelwanga kwihlelo elithile wokuhambisela phambili imfundo yeBhayibhile emhlabeni wonke. Namacandelo alo mbhalo-ngqangi afundwa, njengemizekelo yohlobo elulo nomgangatho ekuwo le nguqulelo. Abalathisi basamkela ngamxhelo-mnye esi sipho sale nguqulelo, ibe kwenziwa amalungiselelo okuba ishicilelwe kwangoko. Amalungiselelo okushicilela aqalisa ngoSeptemba 29, 1949, yaye ekuqaleni kwehlobo lowe-1950, amashumi amawaka emibhalo ayesele egqityiwe ekuhlobo lwencwadi.

19. (a) INew World Translation yaveliswa njani ikumacandelo ayo? (b) Nguwuphi umgudu oye wenziwa ekuveliseni le miqulu?

¹⁹ Ukukhutshwa kweNew World Translation Ingamacandelo. KwakungoLwesithathu, ngoAgasti 2, 1950, ngosuku lwesine lwendibano yawo yezizwe ngezizwe eyayikwiBala leMidlalo iYankee, eNew York, abathi abaphulaphuli abangama-82 075 abangamaNgqina kaYehova nababemangaliswe ngokupheleleyo bamkela ngeentliziyo ezinovuyo ukukhutshwa kweNew World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures. Ikhuthazwe kukwamkelwa kwayo okokuqala ngehlombe, kuquka namazwi oxabiso awavakaliswa kamva angokufaneleka kwale nguqulelo, ngokulandelayo le Komiti yaqalisa iphulo lomsebenzi omkhulu wokuguqulela iZibhalo zesiHebhere. Oku kwafumaneka njengemiqulu emihlanu eyongezelelekileyo, eyakhutshwa ngokulandelelanayo ukususela ngowe-1953 kuse kowe-1960. Isethi yemiqulu emithandathu yayila ithala leencwadi leBhayibhile iphela ngolwimi lwesiNgesi lwezi mini. Mqulu ngamnye wawukwaqulethe amancedo axabisekileyo okufundisisa iBhayibhile. Uvimba omkhulu wenkcazelo yeZibhalo ngaloo ndlela wenziwa wafumaneka kubafundi beBhayibhile bezi mini. Kwakwenziwe umgudu wenkuthalo wophando kuwo nawuphi na umthombo onokuthenjwa wenkcazelo yomongo ukuze iNew World Translation isivakalise ngokucacileyo nangokuchanileyo isigidimi esinamandla seZibhalo eziphefumlelweyo zantlandlolo.

20. Ngawaphi amancedo axabisekileyo awayequlethwe luhlelo lokuqala lweNew World Translation (a) kwimibhalo yalo esemazantsi, (b) kwiimbekiselo zalo eziseludinini, (c) nakwiimbula-mbethe nezihlomelo zalo?

²⁰ Phakathi kwamancedo okufundisisa iBhayibhile kuhlelo lokuqala lweNew World Translation olungamacandelo amathandathu kwakukho ingqokelela exabiseke ngokungenakulinganiswa nanto yemibhalo esemazantsi yeendinyana, inikela imvelaphi yenguqulelo. Kula manqaku kwanikelwa iingongoma ezinamandla zokuxhasa iZibhalo. Inkqubo exabisekileyo yembekiselo yezibhalo ezithungelanayo kwanayo yayiqukiwe. Olu thungelwano lwamagama abalulekileyo emfundiso esisiseko ayenzelwe ukwalathisa umfundi kungcelele lweendinyana eziziintloko mayela nale mibandela. Kwakukho uthotho lweembekiselo zezinye izibhalo eludinini lwamaphepha. Ezi mbekiselo ziye zalathisa umfundi (a) kumagama afanayo, (b) kwiingcamango, iimbono neziganeko ezifanayo, (c) Inkcazelo engemvelaphi, (d) inkcazelo engendawo, (e) ukuzaliseka kweziprofeto, (f) nakwiingcaphulo ezingqalileyo ezikweso sibhalo okanye kwenye indawo eBhayibhileni. Kwakule miqulu kwakukho iimbula-mbethe ezibalulekileyo, imizekeliso yemibhalo-ngqangi ethile yamandulo, izihlomelo nezalathiso eziluncedo, neemaphu zamazwe nemimandla ekhankanywe eBhayibhileni. Olu hlelo lokuqala lweNew World Translation lwaba bubutyebi bofundisiso lobuqu lweBhayibhile noncedo ekufundisweni kwabantu abaneentliziyo ezinyanisekileyo ngamaNgqina kaYehova. Uhlelo olukhethekileyo lwabafundi, olwapapashwa lungumqulu omnye nekwashicilelwa kulo imibhalo eli-150 000, kamva lwakhutshwa ngoJuni 30, 1963 kwintshayelelo yeNdibano “Yeendaba Ezilungileyo Ezingunaphakade” yamaNgqina kaYehova eMilwaukee, eWisconsin, eUnited States.

21. (a) Zazinjani iimeko xa kwakukhutshwa iNew World Translation ehlaziyiweyo? (b) Yayiziziphi ezinye zeembalasane zayo?

²¹ Uhlelo Oluhlaziyiweyo Olungumqulu Omnye. Ngehlobo lowe-1961, kungcelele lweendibano zamaNgqina kaYehova ezaziqhutyelwa eUnited States naseYurophu, kwakhutshwa uhlelo oluhlaziyiweyo lweNew World Translation of the Holy Scriptures epheleleyo engumqulu omnye ophathekayo ukuze isasazwe. Yamkelwa ngovuyo ngamakhulu amawaka abo babekho kwezi ndibano. Inoqweqwe oluluhlaza, yayinamaphepha ali-1 472 nesalathi-magama esibalaseleyo, isihlomelo semibandela yeBhayibhile neemaphu.

22, 23. Ziziphi ezinye iintlelo eziye zakhutshwa, yaye ziziphi ezinye zeembalasane zazo?

²² Iinguqulelo Ezingakumbi. Ngowe-1969 iThe Kingdom Interlinear Translation of the Greek Scriptures yakhutshwa, kwaza kwakhutshwa uhlelo lwayo lwesibini ngowe-1985. Lo mqulu unikela inguqulelo ethe ngqo yesiNgesi yombhalo wesiGrike ohlelwe nguWestcott noHort ndawonye nenguqulelo yesiNgesi sezi mini sohlelo lowe-1984 lweNew World Translation. Ngaloo ndlela ivulela ithuba umfundi weBhayibhile onenyameko lokuba azi oko ngokusisiseko okanye ngokoqobo kuthethwa sisiGrike santlandlolo.

²³ Uhlelo lwesibini oluhlaziyiweyo lweNew World Translation lwakhutshwa ngowe-1970, lwaza olwesithathu olunemibhalo esemazantsi lwalandela ngowe-1971. KwiiNdibano Zesithili “Zolwando LoBukumkani” zamaNgqina kaYehova, ezaqhutywa ngowe-1984, uhlelo oluneembekiselo oluhlaziyiweyo lwakhutshwa ngesiNgesi. Luquka ukuphuculwa nokuhlaziywa okupheleleyo kweembekiselo eziseludinini (zezinye izibhalo) ezazikho ekuqaleni ngesiNgesi ukususela ngowe-1950 kuse kowe-1960. Ekubeni lulungiselelwe umfundi weBhayibhile onenyameko, luqulethe iimbekiselo eziseludinini ezingaphezu kwe-125 000, imibhalo esemazantsi engaphezu kwe-11 000, uvimba wesalathi-magama, iimaphu, namanqaku esihlomelo angama-43. Kwakhona ngowe-1984, uhlelo olunobukhulu obuqhelekileyo lwenguqulelo yowe-1984 oluneembekiselo eziseludinini kodwa olungenamibhalo isemazantsi, lwafumaneka.

24. (a) Ziziphi ezinye zeengenelo zohlelo oluqhelekileyo noluneembekiselo? (b) Zekelisa indlela yokusetyenziswa kwemixholo ephezulu kwiphepha ngalinye.

²⁴ Iingenelo Ezithile. Ukuze kuncedwe umfundi afumane ngokukhawuleza nawuphi na umbandela awufunayo, uhlelo oluqhelekileyo noluneembekiselo luqulethe imixholo ecetywe ngenyameko ephezulu kwiphepha ngalinye. Le mixholo iphezulu ichaza umbandela ongezantsi, yaye icetywe ngokukhethekileyo ukunceda umvakalisi woBukumkani ekufumaneni ngokukhawuleza iindinyana ekuphenduleni imibuzo anokuyibuzwa. Ngokomzekelo, usenokuba uzama ukukhangela isiluleko esingokuqeqesha abantwana. Xa etyhila kwiphepha 860 (kuhlelo oluqhelekileyo) kwiMizekeliso, ubona ibinzana lokugqibela elingumxholo elithi, “A good name.” Ekubeni eli ilibinzana lokugqibela lomxholo, libonisa ukuba lo mbandela uya kubonakala ngasekugqibeleni kwelo phepha, kwaye kulapho awufumana khona, kwiMizekeliso 22:1. Isibhalo esiphawulwe ngebinzana lokuqala lomxholo ophezulu kwiphepha 861, elithi “Train up a boy,” ulifumana ngasekuqaleni kwephepha, kwindinyana 6, ibinzana elilandelayo lalo mxholo lifundeka ngokuthi “Not spare the rod.” Lo mbandela ufumaneka ngasekupheleni komhlathi wokuqala, kwindinyana 15. Le mixholo isemantla ephepha isenokuba luncedo olukhulu kumvakalisi woBukumkani owazi ubukhulu becala indawo anokuzifumana kuyo izibhalo azifunayo. Zinokuyibangela iBhayibhile isebenziseke ngokukhawuleza.

25. Sisiphi isalathi-magama esilungiselelweyo, yaye sisenokusetyenziswa njani ngokuluncedo?

²⁵ Ngasemva kuhlelo oluqhelekileyo noluneembekiselo lwale Bhayibhile, kukho imbalasane ebizwa ngokuthi “Bible Words Indexed” (Isalathiso Samagama EBhayibhile). Apha kufumaneka amagama abalulekileyo eBhayibhile angamawaka ndawonye nezivakalisi ezithile zomongo. Ngaloo ndlela kukho isalathi-magama, kuquka noluhlu olude lwamagama amatsha nacacisayo asetyenziswe kulo mbhalo. Kwabo baqhelene nenguqulelo yeKing James Version, kunikelwa uncedo lweenguquko zamagama amaninzi ngokusuka kulawo eBhayibhile yesiNgesi sakudala ukuya kumabinzana eBhayibhile ezi mini. Ngokomzekelo, thabatha igama elithi “grace” (ufefe) kwiKing James Version. Eli gama lidweliswe kwisalathiso semibandela, lalathisa umfundi kwibinzana elithi “undeserved kindness,” (ubabalo) binzana elo elisemgangathweni nelisetyenziswe kwinguqulelo entsha. Isalathiso samagama senza kube nokwenzeka ukufumana iindinyana zeSibhalo ngokuphathelele umbandela oyintloko wemfundiso esisiseko, njengemayela ne-“soul” (umphefumlo) okanye “ransom” (intlawulelo) exhasa ufundisiso lweenkcukacha olusuka ngokungqalileyo kwiindinyana zeBhayibhile. Umvakalisi woBukumkani ekufuneka ukuba ashumayele ngawo nawuphi na wale mibandela ikhethekileyo ngokukhawuleza unokusebenzisa amacandelo amafutshane omongo onikelwe kwesi salathi-magama. Ukongezelela, iingcaphulo eziziintloko zidwelisiwe ukufumana izibizo-ngqo ezibalaseleyo, kuquka nemimandla yeendawo ndawonye nabantu ababalaseleyo bamaxesha eBhayibhile. Ngaloo ndlela uncedo oluxabiseke ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto luye lwadluliselwa kubafundi beBhayibhile ngokusebenzisa le nguqulelo.

26. Zekelisa enye yeendlela esiluncedo ngayo isihlomelo seNew World Translation.

²⁶ Isihlomelo sokwenza uphengululo sinikela inkcazelo engakumbi echanileyo neyingenelo ekufundiseni. Amanqaku esihlomelo acwangciswe ngendlela yokuba anokusetyenziswa njengoncedo lokucacisa iimfundiso ezisisiseko zeBhayibhile nemibandela ehlobene nazo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba uxubusha umbandela othi “soul,” phantsi kwemixholo esibhozo eyahlukahlukeneyo isihlomelo sidwelisa iindinyana zeSibhalo ezibonisa iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo elisetyenziswa ngayo igama elithi “soul” (neʹphesh, ngesiHebhere). Kwakhona kusetyenziswe imizobo neemaphu kula manqaku esihlomelo. IReference Bible iqulethe isihlomelo esinemibandela emininzi kuquka nemibhalo esemazantsi eluncedo enikela inkcazelo ebalulekileyo yesibhalo ngendlela elula. Ngaloo ndlela, iNew World Translation ibalasele ngoncedo olwahlukahlukeneyo elunikelayo ukuze oyifundayo aluzuze ngokukhawuleza ulwazi oluchanileyo.

27, 28. Cacisa uze uzekelise indlela iNew World Translation ebonisa ngayo ubizo-magama lwezibizo-ngqo.

²⁷ Uncedo Ekubizeni Amagama EBhayibhile. Kumbhalo wesiNgesi, kuzo zonke iintlelo zeNew World Translation kunikelwa uncedo kubizo-magama lwezibizo-ngqo. Le nkqubo injengaleyo yalungiselelwa yingcali ethile yenguqulelo yeRevised Standard Version yowe-1952. Isibizo-ngqo sahlulwahlulwa sibe ngamalungu ahlukaniswa ngechaphaza okanye ngophawu lwemvakalo-zwi (ʹ). Uphawu lwemvakalo-zwi lulandela ilungu elo kufanele kugxininiswe kulo xa kuphinyiselwa igama. Ukuba ilungu elo licinezelwayo liphela ngesikhamiso, ngoko isikhamiso siyatsalwa xa sibizwayo. Ukuba ilungu elithile liphela ngeqabane, ngoko isikhamiso esikwelo lungu asitsalwa xa sibizwayo.

²⁸ Ngokomzekelo, phawula uYobhi 4:1. Apha uthetha ‘ngoElifazi wakwaTeman’ (Elʹi·phaz the Teʹman·ite). Ngoxa imvakalo-zwi kumagama omabini isehla kwilungu lokuqala, isikhamiso “e” simele sibizwe ngokwahlukileyo kula magama omabini. Kwigama elithi “Elʹi·phaz” ukuhla kophawu lwemvakalo-zwi okwenzeka emva kweqabane elingu-“l” kwenza isikhamiso “e” singatsalwa njengaxa ubiza igama “end.” Sekunjalo, kwigama elithi “Teʹman·ite” ukuhla kophawu lwemvakalo-zwi okwenzeka kanye emva kwesikhamiso “e” kusenza sitsalwe xa sibizwayo njengesokuqala esingu-“e” kwigama elithi “Eden.” Xa izikhamiso ezibini esingu-“a” nesingu “i” zidityanisiwe, njengakwigama elithi “Morʹde·cai” kuEstere 2:5 nelithi “Siʹnai” kwiEksodus 19:1, u-“ai” ubizwa nje ngokulula njengo-“i” otsalwayo.

29. Ngaba iNew World Translation iyinguqulelo nje kuphela ehlaziyiweyo yeenguqulelo zangaphambili, yaye ziziphi iimbalasane ezixhasa impendulo yakho?

²⁹ Inguqulelo Entsha. INew World Translation yinguqulelo entsha esuka kulwimi lwantlandlolo lweBhayibhile lwesiHebhere, isiAramiki, nesiGrike. Ayilulo nangayiphi na indlela uhlelo oluhlaziyiweyo lwayo nayiphi na inguqulelo yesiNgesi, okanye ingalandeli simbo sokubhala sayo nayiphi na inguqulelo, isigama, okanye isingqisho. Kwicandelo lesiHebhere nesiAramiki, kwasetyenziswa umbhalo osulungekiswe kakuhle nowamkelwa ngokubanzi weBiblia Hebraica, kaRudolf Kittel, uhlelo lwesi-7, lwesi-8 nolwesi-9 (lowe-1951-55). Uhlelo olutsha lwesibhalo sesiHebhere olwaziwa ngokuba yiBiblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, lowe-1977, lwasetyenziswa ekuphuculeni inkcazelo enikelwe kwimibhalo esemazantsi yeNew World Translation—With References. Icandelo lesiGrike laguqulelwa ngokuyintloko ngokusuka kumbhalo ophambili wesiGrike kaWestcott noHort, owapapashwa ngowe-1881. Noko ke, iNew World Bible Translation Committee kwakhona yahlolisisa neminye imibhalo yesiGrike, kuquka umbhalo wesiGrike kaNestle (wowe-1948). Inkcazelo engale mibhalo iyeyona iphambili inikelwe kwiSifundo 5 nesesi-6 sale ncwadi. Ikomiti yabaguquleli iye yavelisa inguqulelo enamandla nechanileyo yeBhayibhile, ibe oku kuye kwavelisa umbhalo ocacileyo nobalaseleyo, obangela kube nokwenzeka ukuliqonda ngokunzulu nangendlela eyanelisa ngakumbi iLizwi likaThixo.

30. Sisiphi isigqibo awafikelela kuso omnye umhlalutyi ngale nguqulelo?

³⁰ Phawula isigqibo awafikelela kuso omnye umhlalutyi ngale nguqulelo: “Iinguqulelo zantlandlolo zeZibhalo sesiHebhere eziguqulelwa kulwimi lwesiNgesi zimbalwa gqitha. Ngoko kusivuyisa gqitha ukufumana impapasho elicandelo lokuqala leNew World Translation [yeZibhalo zesiHebhere] iGenesis ukuya kuRute. . . . Ngokucacileyo kule nguqulelo kuye kwenziwa umgudu okhethekileyo wokuba ifundeke lula. Akukho namnye onokulikhanyela elokuba isexesheni kwaye yeyokuqala ngqa elolu hlobo. Isigama sayo asisekelwanga nangayiphi na indlela kwiinguqulelo zangaphambili.”b

31. Omnye umphengululi ongumHebhere wathini ngeNew World Translation?

³¹ Umphengululi ongumHebhere uNjingalwazi uGqr. Benjamin Kedar wakwaSirayeli, kudliwano-ndlebe nommeli weWatch Tower Society uthetha ngolu hlobo ngeNew World Translation: “Kuphando lwam ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo ngokuphathelele iBhayibhile yesiHebhere neenguqulelo zayo, ndidla ngokubhekisela kuhlelo lwesiNgesi loko kwaziwa ngokuba yiNew World Translation. Ngokwenjenjalo, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ndiziva ndikhululekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba le ncwadi ibonakalisa umzamo owenziwe ngokunyaniseka wokuphucula indlela yokuqonda umbhalo ochane kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Inikela ubungqina bokwaziwa kakuhle kolwimi lwantlandlolo, iguqulela amagama antlandlolo kolunye ulwimi ngokuqondakalayo ingakhange iphambuke kuhlobo olukhethekileyo lokwakhiwa kwesiHebhere. . . . Onke amagama asetyenziswe kolu lwimi akuhlobo lokuba angatolikwa okanye aguqulelwe ngeendlela ezininzi. Ngoko indlela ulwimi oluthile olugqiba ngokuliguqulela ngayo naliphi na igama inokucelw’ umngeni ngokulula. Kodwa kwiNew World Translation, andizange ndifumane naluphi na utyekelo olucetyelwe ukuba umbhalo ufundeke ngohlobo oluthile ongathethi lona.”c

32. INew World Translation iyinguqulelo yegama negama ukufikelela kuwuphi umkhamo, yaye ngayiphi ingenelo?

³² Inguqulelo Yamabinzana Njengoko Enjalo. Kwakhona ukuthembeka kwale nguqulelo kubonakale ngokuguqulela amabinzana njengoko enjalo. Oku kufuna phantse ukufana okuthile kwegama negama phakathi kwenguqulelo yesiNgesi nombhalo wesiHebhere nowesiGrike. Ekuguquleleni umbhalo kolo lwimi uguqulelwa kulo, ukuguqulelwa kwawo njengoko unjalo kufanele kube kwinqanaba eliphezulu kangangoko kunokuvunyelwa kukusetyenziswa kwezaci kulwimi lwantlandlolo. Ukongezelela, ukuze ibe yinguqulelo yegama negama ulandelelwano lwamagama lufanele kwinkoliso yoko kuguqulelweyo lube njengoko lunjalo kwisiHebhere okanye kwisiGrike, ngaloo ndlela kulondolozwa ukugxininiswa kwemibhalo yantlandlolo. Ngenguqulelo yegama negama, isimbo, intsingiselo nesingqisho semibhalo yantlandlolo zisenokudluliselwa ngokuchanileyo.

33. Kuye kwaphawulwa njani ukuphambuka ngamaxesha athile kwimibhalo yenguqulelo yegama negama?

³³ Kuye ngamaxesha athile kwangaguqulelwa amabinzana ombhalo njengoko enjalo, ngenjongo yokudlulisela ngendlela eqondakalayo amabinzana athile anzima esiHebhere okanye izaci zesiGrike. Noko ke, kuhlelo oluneembekiselo lweNew World Translation, oku kuye kweziswa engqalelweni yomfundi ngemibhalo esemazantsi enikela inguqulelo yamabinzana njengoko enjalo.

34. (a)Yintoni eye yangumphumo wokutyeshelwa kokuguqulelwa kwegama negama? (b) Zekelisa.

³⁴ Abaguquleli abaninzi beBhayibhile baye bakutyeshela ukuguqulela igama negama besebenzisa oko bakugqala njengolwimi nohlobo olumnandi lokubhala. Baphikisa ngelithi iinguqulelo zegama negama azivakali, azinasongo yaye aziphangalalanga. Noko ke, ukutyeshela kwabo iinguqulelo zegama negama kuye kwabangela, ngokuveliswa koshwankathelo nokubekwa kwezinto ngamanye amagama, ukutyeshelwa okukhulu kweenyaniso ezichanileyo zoko kwakuthethwe ntlandlolo. Ngokungathi kunjalo, baye bazigalela amanzi ezona ngcamango zikaThixo. Ngokomzekelo, umalathisi odla umhlala-phantsi kodwa osagqalwa njengonjalo weyunivesithi enkulu yaseMerika wakhe wamangalela amaNgqina kaYehova ngokubhangisa ubuhle nokunandipheka kweBhayibhile. Ngokuthi iBhayibhile wayethetha iKing James Version, ekukudala ihlonelwa njengekumgangatho ofanelekileyo wolwimi lwesiNgesi olunyulu. Wathi: ‘Khangela into eniyenzileyo kwiNdumiso 23. Niye nakubhangisa ukuyondelelana kwesingqisho nobumnandi bayo ngokuthi “Je/ho/vah is/ my/ shep/herd.” Amalungu asixhenxe kunamathandathu. Oku kuyothusa. Ngoku ayilungelelananga. Akukho singqisho. IKing James iyivakalisa kakuhle ngamalungu ayo amathandathu alungeleleneyo.—“The/ Lord/ is/ my/ shep/herd.”’ Waye waxelelwa loo njingalwazi ukuba kwakukokona kubalulekileyo ukuyibeka ngendlela uDavide, umbhali weBhayibhile, awayibeka ngayo. Ngaba uDavide wasebenzisa igama elingatyumbiyo elithi “Nkosi” okanye ngaba wasebenzisa igama likaThixo? Unjingalwazi wavuma ukuba uDavide wasebenzisa igama likaThixo, kodwa sekunjalo waphikisa ngelithi ngenxa yobuhle nokunandipheka, igama elithi “Nkosi” beliya kufuneka. Hayi indlela esife amanqe ngayo isingxengxezo sokususa igama eliphakamileyo likaYehova kule ndumiso yokumdumisa!

35. Sinokumbulela ngantoni uThixo, yaye yintoni esinethemba layo nesiyithandazelayo?

³⁵ Kumawaka eenguqulelo kuye kwalalaniswa ngolu hlobo ngenxa yengcamango yomntu yobuhle bolwimi, nto leyo eye yaphumela kukungachani kweenguqulo ezininzi zeBhayibhile. Siyambulela uThixo kuba eye walungiselela iNew World Translation, nombhalo wayo weBhayibhile ocacileyo nochanileyo! Ngamana igama lakhe elikhulu, uYehova, lingangcwaliswa ezintliziyweni zabo bonke abayifundayo!

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]

[Isicangca esikwiphepha 322]

IINGUQULELO EZITHILE EZIBALASELEYO ZEBHAYIBHILE NGEELWIMI EZISIXHENXE EZIPHAMBILI

ISINGESI

ezimbalwa)

ISPANISH

IValera 1602 M Jehová Umbhalo owamkelweyo

IModerna 1893 M Jehová OkaScrivener

INácar-Colunga* 1944 M Yavé OwesiGrike

ISIPHUTHUKEZI

Figueiredo* 1778-90 Vulgate Senhor IVulgate

Matos Soares* 1927-30 Vulgate Senhor IVulgate

Jerusalém* 1976, 1981 M Iahweh OwesiGrike

ISIJAMANI

Luther* 1522, 1534 M HErr OkaErasmus

Zürcher 1531 M Herr, Jahwe IsiGrike

Menge 1926 M HErr IsiGrike

ISIFRENTSHI

Darby 1859, 1885 M Eternel IsiGrike

Crampon* 1894-1904 M Jéhovah OkaMerk

Osty* 1973 M Yahvé IsiGrike

ISIDATSHI (NETHERLANDS)

NBG-vertaling 1939-51 M HERE OkaNestle

ISITALIYANE

Diodati 1607, 1641 M Signore IsiGrike

Riveduta (Luzzi) 1921-30 M Eterno IsiGrike

Nardoni* 1960 M Signore, Jahweh IsiGrike

Garofalo* 1960 M Jahve, Signore IsiGrike

CEI* 1971 M Signore IsiGrike

* Le nkwenkwezi ibonisa ukuba lo mbhalo ufihlakeleyo waqukwa kodwa usenokungabonakali kuhlelo oluthile.

“M” oku kubhekisela kumbhalo wamaMasorete. Xa uwodwa, akukho hlelo lukhethekileyo lombhalo wamaMasorete owalathiweyo.

“BHK” oku kubhekisela kwiBiblia Hebraica kaKittel.

“UBS” oku kubhekisela kwi The Greek New Testament, YiMibutho Emanyeneyo YeBhayibhile.

“BHS” Oku kubhekisela kwiBiblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia.

“Greek” oku kubonisa ukuba loo nguqulelo yenziwe ngokusuka kwisiGrike, kodwa akukho mbhalo ukhethekileyo owalathisiweyo.