Imibuzo Evela Kubafundi

◼ Ngaba amaNgqina kaYehova ayazamkela izitofu zomlinganiselo othile wegazi, njengeimmune globulin okanye ialbumin?

Wambi enjenjalo, ekholelwa ukuba iZibhalo azimiseli mthetho ucacileyo malunga nokwamkelwa kwezitofu ezinomlinganiselo omncinane wegazi, okanye inxalenye yalo.

Ekuqaleni uMdali wanika lonke uluntu imbopheleleko yokuphepha ukudla igazi: “Zonke izinambuzane eziphilileyo mazibe kukudla kuni . . . Yinyama yodwa enomphefumlo wayo, enegazi layo, eningasayi kuyidla.” (Genesis 9:3, 4) Igazi lalingcwele ibe ngoko lalinokusetyenziswa ekwenzeni idini kuphela. Ukuba lalingasetyenziswa ngaloo ndlela, kwakufuneka liselelwe emhlabeni.—Levitikus 17:13, 14; Duteronomi 12:15, 16.

Lo yayingengomyalelo nje wokwexeshana owawenzelwe amaYuda. Imfuneko yokuzila igazi yaphinda yachazelwa amaKristu. (IZenzo 21:25) Kwindawo awayehlala kuyo kuBukhosi baseRoma, umthetho kaYehova ngokuqhelekileyo wawusaphulwa, ekubeni abantu babesidla ukutya okuxutywe negazi. Kwakhona wawusaphulwa ngenxa yezizathu “ezingokonyango”; uTertullian unikela ingxelo yokuba wambi amadoda alidla igazi ecinga ukuba lalinokunyanga isifo sokuwa. ‘Ngonxano lokunyoluka ayeqongqoloza igazi lezaphuli-mthetho ezazibulawa kwibala lokudlala nokulwa.’ Wongezelela ngelithi: “Yiba neentloni ngeendlela zakho ezimbi phambi kwamaKristu, angenalo kwanegazi lezilwanyana kwizidlo zawo.” Namhlanje amaNgqina kaYehova azimisele kanye ngaloo ndlela ukungawaphuli umthetho kaThixo, kungakhathaliseki indlela ekuyinto eqheleke ngayo kwabanye ukudla ukutya okuxutywe negazi. Kwiminyaka yee-1940, ukutofelwa kwegazi kwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi, yaye amaNgqina abona ukuba ukuthobela uThixo kwakufuna ukuba nawo akuphephe ukutofelw’ igazi, kwanakuba oogqirha bekubongoza oko.

Ekuqaleni, ngokufuthi ukutofelwa igazi kwakusenziwa ngegazi liphelele. Kamva, abaphengululi baqalisa ukwahlulela igazi kwiinxalenye zalo eziziintloko, ngenxa yokuba oogqirha bagqiba kwelokuba umguli othile usenokungazifuni zonke iinxalenye eziziintloko zegazi. Ukuba bamnika inxalenye enye kuphela, oko bekungayi kuba yingozi kuye, kwaye oogqirha banokufumana okungakumbi abanokukusebenzisa ngegazi elifumanekayo.

Igazi labantu linokwahlulelwa kwiiseli ezibumnyama nolwelo olubumthubirha (isiyilelo [plasma], okanye incindi yegazi [serum]. Inxalenye yeeseli (enomthamo ongama-45 ekhulwini) yenziwe ngezinto ngokuqhelekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba ziiseli ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe neeplatelets. Inxalenye enomthamo wama-55 ekhulwini isisiyilelo. Ama-90 ekhulwini aso ngamanzi, kodwa sinomlinganiselo omncinane wezakha-mzimba ezininzi, iincindi zamadlala, ityuwa nee-enzymes. Namhlanje, igazi elininzi ekuye kwanikelwa ngalo lahlulelwa kwiinxalenye eziziintloko. Omnye umguli usenokutofelwa isiyilelo (mhlawumbi iFFP, ifresh frozen plasma) ukunyanga umothuko. Kodwa umguli ongenagazi laneleyo usenokunikwa isixa seeseli ezibomvu, oko kukuthi, iiseli ezibomvu ebezigciniwe zaza ke zafakwa kulwelo zaza zatofelwa emntwini. Iiplatelets neeseli ezimhlophe nazo ziyatofelwa emntwini kodwa oko akuqhelekanga.

Ngamaxesha okubhalwa kweBhayibhile abantu babengekabuyili ubuchule obunjalo bokusebenzisa ezi nxalenye. UThixo wayalela ngokucacileyo esithi: ‘Nizile igazi.’ (IZenzo 15:28, 29) Kodwa kutheni le nto ubani efanele acinge ukuba kwakuya kwenza umahluko othile ukuba igazi laliphelele okanye laliye lahlulwa laziinxalenye ezithile? Nangona abanye abantu babelisela igazi, amaKristu ayekwala ukwenjenjalo kwanakuba oko kwakuthetha ukufa. Ngaba ucinga ukuba ayeya kusabela ngendlela eyahlukileyo ukuba uthile wayesiza negazi, avumele ukuba lahlulwe, andule ke awanike isiyilelo nje okanye inxalenye enamahlwili, mhlawumbi kwisoseji eyenziwe ngegazi? Nakanye! Ngenxa yoko, amaNgqina kaYehova akakwamkeli ukutofelwa igazi xa liphelele okanye iinxalenye zalo eziziintloko (iiseli ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe, iiplatelets, okanye isiyilelo) ezenzelwe ukuphumeza injongo efanayo.

Noko ke, njengoko umbuzo usitsho, izazinzulu ziye zafunda ngemilinganiselo emincinane ekhethekileyo yegazi nendlela yokuyisebenzisa. Imbambano eqhelekileyo ibandakanya iiprotini zesiyilelo—iiglobulins, ialbumin nefibrinogen. Kunokwenzeka ukuba, unyango olusetyenziswa ngokubanzi lukukutofela i-immune globulin. Kutheni kusenziwa loo nto nje?

Umzimba wakho unokukhupha izinto ezibulala iintsholongwane nezilwa nezifo ezithile, zikubangela ukuba ungabi nakwasulelwa zizifo ezithile. Oku kusisizathu sokugonywa kwangaphambili ngesitofu esithintela ipoliyo, uqilikwana, imasisi, umqal’ omhlophe necesina. Noko ke, ukuba uthile uthe kutshanje wafunyanwa zizifo ezithile eziyingozi, oogqirha basenokuncomela isitofu sencindi yegazi (antitoxin) ukumnika into ekhawulezileyo yokukhusela ukwasulelwa zizifo. Kude kube mvanje izitofu ezinjalo bezisenziwa ngokukhupha i-immune globulin, enezinto ezilwa nezifo, kumntu osele egonyiwe.a Ukugonywa okwenziwa ngokudluliselwa kwezinto ezilwa iintlungu ezisegazini ezivela kwisitofu kuyinto yokwexeshana, ngenxa yokuba izinto ezilwa nezifo ezidluliselwe ngesitofu ziyaphuma kwinkqubo yakhe ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Ngenxa yomyalelo ‘wokuzila igazi,’ wambi amaKristu aye avakalelwa kukuba awafanele asamkele isitofu seimmune globulin (iprotini), kwanakuba yayingumlinganiselo nje omncinane wegazi. Ukuma kwawo kucacile yaye kuyaqondakala—awafuni nxalenye yegazi ekulo naluphi na uhlobo okanye umthamo.

Abanye baya bavakalelwa kukuba incindi yegazi, enjengeimmune globulin, ekumlinganiselo nje omncinane kakhulu wesiyilelo segazi lalowo ulinikelayo nesetyenziselwa ukuxhasa izinto ezilwa nezifo, ayinto ifanayo nokutofelwa igazi elizimasa ubomi. Ngoko izazela zabo zisenokungabaleli ukuba bamkele i-immune globulin okanye iinxalenye ezifanayo.b Basenokugqiba kwelokuba kubo isigqibo siya kuxhomekeka ngokuyintloko ekubeni bakulungele kusini na ukwamkela naziphi na iingozi ezingokwasempilweni ezibandakanyekileyo kwisitofu segazi lomnye umntu.

Kuyinto ebalulekileyo ukuba inkqubo yegazi yomfazi omithiyo yahluke kunaleyo yemveku engekazalwa esesibelekweni sakhe; ngokufuthi iintlobo zabo zegazi zahlukile. Umama akadluliseli igazi lakhe elusaneni. Iiseli ezenziweyo ezivela kwigazi likamama azidluli kwiplacenta ukuya egazini lemveku engekazalwa, lungenjinjalo noyilelo. Enyanisweni, ukuba ngengozi ethile igazi likamama nelo lemveku engekazalwa liye ladibana, kamva kunokuvela iingozi ezingokwasempilweni (ukungangqinelani kweRh okanye iABO). Noko ke, ezinye izinto ezivela kwisiyilelo zidlulela kumjikelezo wemveku engekazalwa. Ngaba iiprotini zeziyilelo, ezinjengeimmune globulin nealbumin zenjenjalo? Ewe, zimbi zenjenjalo.

Umfazi omithiyo uneentshukumisa ezingokomzimba ezisebenzayo othi ngazo umlinganiselo othile weimmune globulin usuke kwigazi likamama ukuya kwelemveku engekazalwa. Ngenxa yokuba le ntshukumo ingokwemvelo kwizinto ezilwa nezifo eziya kwimveku engekazalwa zisenzeka kubo bonke abafazi abamithiyo, iintsana zizalwa zinomlinganiselo wazo wezinto ezikhusela ukwasulelwa zizifo ezithile.

Kuyinto efanayo nangealbumin, leyo oogqirha basenokuyichaza njengonyango lokothuka okanye ezinye iimeko ezithile.c Abaphengululi baye bangqina ukuba ialbumin evela kwisiyilelo nayo iyadluliselwa, nangona ingasebenzi kangako, inqumla iplacenta ivela kumama isiya kwimveku yakhe engekazalwa.

Ukuba iinxalenye ezithile zeeprotini ezivela kwisiyilelo ngokwemvelo zingena kwinkqubo yokusebenza kwegazi lomnye umntu (imveku engekazalwa) kusenokuba yenye into emele iqwalaselwe xa umKristu esenza isigqibo sokuba uya kuyamkela kusini na i-immune globulin, ialbumin, okanye izitofu ezifanayo zeenxalenye zesiyilelo. Omnye umntu usenokuvakalelwa kukuba ngesazela esilungileyo yena unokwenjenjalo; omnye usenokugqiba kwelokuba akanakukwenza oko. Ngamnye umele azigqibele ngokwakhe phambi kukaThixo ngalo mcimbi.

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]