AmaLandela Abapostile

Ingcaciso: Le yimfundiso yokuba abapostile abali-12 banamalandela ekudluliselwe kuwo igunya ngokumiselwa nguThixo. ECaweni yamaRoma Katolika, kuthiwa oobhishophu njengeqela bangamalandela abapostile, yaye upopu kuthiwa ulilandela likaPetros. Kuvakaliswa ukuba oopopu baseRoma balandela ngqo, bakwisigxina yaye benza imisebenzi kaPetros, ekuthiwa yena wanikwa nguKristu igunya lokuqala phezu kweCawa iphela. Le asiyomfundiso yeBhayibhile.

Ngaba uPetros ‘wayelulwalwa’ ekwakhelwe phezu kwalo ibandla?

Mat. 16:18: “UnguPetros wena, ndiya kulakhela phezu kolu lwalwa ibandla lam, namasango elabafileyo akayi kuloyisa.” (Phawula ukuba kumongo [indi. 13, 20] ingxubusho isekelwe kwigama likaYesu.)

Umpostile uPetros noPawulos baluqonda lungubani “ulwalwa,” “ilitye lembombo”?

Ize. 4:8-11: “UPetros, ezele ngumoya oyingcwele, wathi kubo, Nina baphathi babantu, nani madoda makhulu . . . kusegameni likaYesu Kristu waseNazarete, enambethelelayo . . . nina, athe uThixo wamvusa kwabafileyo; kungaye lowo, ukuba lo mntu eme apha phambi kwenu ephilile. Nguye lo ilitye elenziwa into engento nini bakhi, elisuke laba yintloko yembombo.”

1 Pet. 2:4-8: “Nisiza nje kuyo [iNkosi uYesu Kristu], . . . nani ngokwenu, . . . yakhekani nibe yindlu eyiyeyomoya, . . . Kungoko ikhoyo nokubakho esibhalweni indawo ethi, Yabona, ndibeka eZiyon ilitye lembombo, elinyuliweyo, elinqabileyo; lowo ukholwayo kuye akayi kukha adaniswe. Kuni ngoko bakholwayo, liyimbeko; ke kwabangevayo, ilitye abalicekisayo abakhi, lelona laba yintloko yembombo, ilitye ke lokuwisa, iliwa ke lokukhubekisa.”

Efe. 2:20: “Ningabendlu kaThixo, nakhelwe phezu kwelitye lesiseko sabapostile nabaprofeti, inguYesu Kristu ngokwakhe ilitye lembombo.”

Yayiyintoni inkolelo ka-Augustine (owayejongwa njengoyingcwele yiCawa yamaKatolika)?

“Kwangeli xesha lobubingeleli bam, ndakwabhala incwadi echasene neleta kaDonatus . . . Kwisicatshulwa esikule ncwadi, ndathi ngoMpostile uPetros: ‘Ibandla lalakhelwe phezu kwakhe njengolwalwa.’ . . . Kodwa ndiyazi ukuba kamsinya gqitha ngemva koko, ndakucacisa ndenjenje okwakuthethwe yiNkosi: ‘UnguPetros wena, ndiya kulakhela phezu kolu lwalwa iBandla lam,’ ukuba kuqondwe ukuba lakhelwe kuLowo uPetros awamvuma ngokuthi: ‘Wena unguye uKristu, uNyana kaThixo ophilileyo,’ yaye ke uPetros, othiywe ngolu lwalwa, wayemela ibandla elakhelwe phezu kolu lwalwa, ibe yena wayefumene ‘izitshixo zobukumkani bamazulu.’ Kuba, kwakuthiwe kuye, ‘UnguPetros wena,’ kungazange kuthiwe ‘Ululwalwa wena.’ Kodwa ‘ulwalwa lwalunguKristu,’ ibe ekuvumeni lowo wayekwavunywa libandla liphela, uSimon wabizwa ngokuba unguPetros.”—The Fathers of the Church—Saint Augustine, the Retractations (Washington, D.C.; 1968), eguqulelwe nguMary I. Bogan, iNcwadi yoku-I, iphe. 90.

Ngaba abanye abapostile bamjonga uPetros enjengophambili phakathi kwabo?

Luka 22:24-26: “Ke kaloku kwabakho nokubangisana phakathi kwabo [abapostile], kokuthi, nguwuphi na kubo ekungathiwa ngomkhulu. Uthe ke yena kubo, Ookumkani beentlanga bayazigagamela; kwanabo benza ngegunya kuzo, kuthiwa ngabancedi. Ke nina ze ningabi njalo.” (Ukuba uPetros ‘wayelulwalwa,’ ngaba kwakuya kubakho nayiphi na imbambano engokuba “nguwuphi na kubo ekungathiwa ngomkhulu”?)

Ekubeni uYesu Kristu, intloko yebandla, engophilayo, ngaba uwaswele amalandela?

Heb. 7:23-25: “Bathe bona ababingeleli [bakwaSirayeli] baba baninzi, ngenxa yokuba ukufa kwakungavumi ukuba bahlale behleli; ke yena [uYesu Kristu], ngenxa yokuba ehleli ngonaphakade, unobubingeleli obungenakudlula. Ngoko unako nokubasindisa kanye abo bezayo ngaye kuThixo, ehlala ehleli nje ukuba abathethelele.”

Roma 6:9: “Sisazi ukuba uKristu, evusiwe nje kwabafileyo, akabi safa.”

Efe. 5:23: “Naye uKristu eyintloko yebandla eli.”

Zaziyintoni “izitshixo” ezaziphathiswe uPetros?

Mat. 16:19: “Ndiya kukunika izitshixo zobukumkani bamazulu; kuthi ke othe wakubopha emhlabeni, kubopheke emazulwini; kuthi othe wakukhulula emhlabeni, kukhululeke emazulwini.”

KwiSityhilelo, uYesu wasingisela kwisitshixo sokomfuziselo esisetyenziswa nguye ukuvulela abantu amalungelo namathuba

ISityhi. 3:7, 8: “Utsho oyiNgcwele, oyiNyaniso, lowo unaso isitshixo sikaDavide; lowo uvulayo kungavali namnye, avale kungavuli namnye, . . . Ndimise phambi kwakho ucango oluvulekileyo, akukho namnye unako ukuluvala.”

UPetros wasebenzisa “izitshixo” awayeziphathisiwe ukuvulela (amaYuda, amaSamariya neeNtlanga) ithuba lokwamkela umoya kaThixo ngenjongo yokungena kwawo eBukumkanini bamazulu

Ize. 2:14-39: “Ke kaloku uPetros, esuke wema nabalishumi elinamnye, waliphakamisa izwi lakhe, waphimisela ukuthetha, wathi kubo: Madoda, maYuda, nani nonke nimiyo eYerusalem . . . ukuba uThixo wamenza iNkosi noKristu, kwayena lo Yesu nambethelelayo . . . nina. Ke kaloku bathe, bakukuva oko, bahlabeka entliziyweni, bathi kuPetros nakwabanye abapostile, Madoda, bazalwana, sithini na? Uthe ke uPetros kubo, Guqukani nibhaptizwe nonke ngabanye egameni likaYesu Kristu, ukuze nixolelwe izono, namkele isipho soMoya oyiNgcwele. Kuba idinga likuni, nakubantwana benu, nakubo bonke abakude, esukuba iNkosi uThixo wethu iya kubabiza.”

Ize. 8:14-17: “Ke kaloku, bakuva abapostile ababeseYerusalem, ukuba abaseSamariya balamkele ilizwi likaThixo, bathuma uPetros noYohane kubo; abathi bona bakuhla, babathandazela, ukuba bamkele uMoya oyiNgcwele; kuba ebengekaweli namnye kubo; babebhaptizelwe nje kodwa egameni leNkosi uYesu. Bandula ukubeka izandla phezu kwabo, bamamkela ke uMoya oyiNgcwele.” (Indinyana 20 ibonisa ukuba uPetros wayekhokela ngesi sihlandlo.)

Ize. 10:24-48: “Baza ngengomsomnye bangena eKesareya. Waye ke uKorneli [intlanga engalukileyo] ebalindile; . . . uPetros wawuvula umlomo wakhe . . . Uthe akubon’ ukuba usawathetha uPetros la mazwi, wasuka wabawela uMoya oyiNgcwele bonke ababeliva ilizwi.”

Ngaba izulu lalilindele uPetros enze izigqibo landule ke ukulandela ukhokelo lwakhe?

Ize. 2:4, 14: “Bazaliswa bonke nguMoya oyiNgcwele, baqala ukuthetha ngalwimi zimbi, njengoko uMoya wayebanika ukuba bathethe baphimisele. . . . Ke kaloku [emva kokuba uKristu, intloko yebandla, ebavuselele ngomoya oyingcwele] uPetros, esuke wema nabalishumi elinamnye, waliphakamisa izwi lakhe.” (Bona indinyana 33.)

Ize. 10:19, 20: “Wathi uMoya kuye [uPetros], Nanga amadoda amathathu ekufuna; suka uhle, uhambe nawo [ukuya ekhayeni leNtlanga enguKorneli], ungathandabuzi nento, ngokokuba athunywe ndim.”

Thelekisa uMateyu 18:18, 19.

Ngaba uPetros ungumgwebi wabo bafanelekele ukungena eBukumkanini?

2 Tim. 4:1: “UYesu Kristu, [uza] kugweba abaphilileyo nabafileyo.”

2 Tim. 4:8: “Okokugqibela ndibekelwe isithsaba sobulungisa, eya kundibuyisela ngaso ngaloo mini iNkosi [uYesu Kristu], umgwebi olilungisa; ingabi ndim ndedwa ke, ibe ngabo bonke abakuthandayo ukubonakala kwayo.”

Ngaba uPetros wayeseRoma?

IRoma kubhekiselwa kuyo kwiindinyana ezisithoba zeZibhalo Ezingcwele; akukho nanye kwezi ethi uPetros wayelapho. EyokuQala kaPetros 5:13 ibonisa ukuba wayeseBhabheli. Ngaba oku ngokufihlakeleyo kwakubhekisela kwiRoma? Ukuba seBhabheli kwakhe kwakunento yokwenza nesabelo sakhe sokushumayela kumaYuda (njengoko kuboniswe kumaGalati 2:9), ekubeni apho eBhabheli kwakukho abemi abaninzi abangamaYuda. IEncyclopaedia Judaica (Jerusalem, 1971, Umqu. 15, iphe. 755), xa ixubusha ngokuveliswa kweTalmud yaseBhabheli, ibhekisela “kwiingcali ezinkulu zaseBhabheli” ezazingamaYuda ngeXesha Eliqhelekileyo.

Ngaba kuye kwalandwa uludwe olungumqokozo wamalandela athabathela kuPetros kude kube ngoopopu bezi mini?

UmJesuit uJohn McKenzie, xa wayengunjingalwazi wezifundo zonqulo eNotre Dame, wabhala oku: “Abufumaneki ubungqina obungokwembali bawo wonke umqokozo wamalandela asegunyeni lecawa.”—The Roman Catholic Church (New York, 1969), iphe. 4.

INew Catholic Encyclopedia ithi: “ . . . ukunqaba kwemibhalo kushiya okuninzi kudida mayela nokubakho kwesikhundla soobhishophu kwithuba langaphambili . . . ”—(1967), Umqu. 1 iphe. 696.

Amabango okumiselwa nguThixo alilize ukuba abo bawenzayo abamthobeli uThixo noKristu

Mat. 7:21-23: “Asingabo bonke abathi kum, Nkosi, Nkosi, abaya kungena ebukumkanini bamazulu; ngokwenzayo ukuthanda kukaBawo osemazulwini. Baninzi abaya kuthi kum ngaloo mini, Nkosi, Nkosi, sasingathe na egameni lakho saprofeta, sathi egameni lakho sakhupha iidemon, sathi egameni lakho senza imisebenzi yamandla emininzi? Ndandule ndibaxelele, ndithi, Andizanga ndinazi; mkani kum, nina nenza okuchasene nomthetho.”

Bona kwanoYeremiya 7:9-15.

Ngaba abo bazibanga bengamalandela abapostile banamathele kwiimfundiso nakuqheliselo lukaYesu Kristu nolwabapostile bakhe?

IA Catholic Dictionary ithi: “ICawa yaseRoma ilandela abaPostile, kuba imfundiso yayo ilukholo olwalukhe lwatyhilelwa abaPostile, kholo olo elulondolozayo ize ilucacise, ngaphandle kokongezelela kulo okanye ukulunciphisa.” (London, 1957, nguW. E. Addis noT. Arnold, iphe. 176) Ngaba izibakala ziyakungqinela oko?

Ukuchazwa kukaThixo

“UBathathu Emnye ligama elisetyenziswa ukubhekisela kwimfundiso eyintloko yonqulo lwamaKristu.”—The Catholic Encyclopedia (1912), Umqu. XV, iphe. 47.

“Igama elithi uBathathu Emnye, okanye imfundiso ecacileyo engaye, alikho kwiTestamente Entsha . . . Le mfundiso yanwenwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwiinkulungwane eziliqela ezadlulayo yaye ityhubela kwiimpikiswano ezininzi.”—The New Encyclopædia Britannica (1976), Micropædia, Umqu. X, iphe. 126.

“Abacacisa nabafundisa ngonqulo lweBhayibhile, kuquka nenani elanda ngokuzingisileyo lamaRoma Katolika, bayavuma ukuba ubani akafanele athethe ngoBathathu Emnye kwiTestamente Entsha ngaphandle kwengcaciso yokwenene. Ababhali-mbali bale mfundiso nabefundisi abalungelelanisiweyo ngonqulo bakwavuma ngendlela efanayo ukuba xa ubani ethetha ngoBathathu Emnye ongacaciswanga, lowo ushenxile kwithuba lemvelaphi yamaKristu, masithi ubuyele kwisiqingatha sokugqibela senkulungwane ye-4.”—New Catholic Encyclopedia (1967), Umqu. XIV, iphe. 295.

Ukungatshati kwabefundisi

UPopu Paul VI, kwiSacerdotalis Caelibatus (Ukungatshati Kwabefundisi, 1967) yakhe jikelele, wamkela ukungatshati njengento efunekayo kubefundisi, kodwa wavuma esithi “iTestamente Entsha egcine imfundiso kaKristu neyabaPostile . . . ayikufuni ngegunya nangokuphandle ukungatshati kwabalungiseleli abangcwele. . . . UYesu Ngokwakhe akakwenzanga kwayimfuneko ekunyuleni kwakhe iShumi Elinambini, bengenzanga njalo nabaPostile ngabo babesongamela imibutho yamaKristu okuqala.”—The Papal Encyclicals 1958–1981 (Falls Church, Va.; 1981), iphe. 204.

1 Kor. 9:5: “Asinagunya na, njengabanye abapostile, nabazalwana beNkosi, noKefas, ukuba siphelekwe ngabafazi bethu bengamakholwa?” (Igama elithi “Cephas” lelesiAramiki awathiywa lona uPetros; bona uYohane 1:42. Bona kwanoMarko 1:29-31, apho kubhekiselwa kumkhwekazi kaSimon, okanye kaPetros.)

1 Tim. 3:2: “Umveleli ngoko umelwe kukuthi abe . . . eyindoda yamfazi mnye [“atshate kube kanye kuphela,” NAB].”

Ngaphambi kwexesha lamaKristu, kubuBhuda kwakuyimfuneko ukuba ababingeleli neemonki babe ngamasoka. (History of Sacerdotal Celibacy in the Christian Church, London, 1932, uhlelo lwesine oluhlaziyiweyo, Henry C. Lea, iphe. 6) Kwanangaphambilana, amagosa aphezulu ababingeleli baseBhabhiloni kwakufuneka angatshati, ngokutsho kweThe Two Babylons nguA. Hislop.—(New York, 1943), iphe. 219.

1 Tim. 4:1-3: “UMoya uthi ngokucacileyo inxenye iya kumka elukholweni, ngamaxesha asemva, inyamekele oomoya abalahlekisayo, neemfundiso zeedemon; . . . bengavumi ukuba kuzekwe.”

Ukwahluka ehlabathini

UPopu Paul VI, xa wayethetha kwiZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ngowe-1965 wathi: “Abantu bomhlaba baphethukela kwiZizwe Ezimanyeneyo njengethemba lokugqibela lemvisiswano noxolo; apha Ndizama ukubonakalisa imbeko yabo kuzo kwanendlela abazithembe ngayo kuhlanganise Nam.”—The Pope’s Visit (New York, 1965), Ingxelo Ekhethekileyo YeTime-Life, iphe. 26.

Yoh. 15:19: “[UYesu Kristu wathi:] Ukuba beningabehlabathi, ihlabathi linge likuthanda okwalo; ke ngokuba ningengabehlabathi, ndaninyulayo mna kulo ihlabathi, ngenxa yoko linithiyile ihlabathi.”

Yak. 4:4: “Anazi na ukuba ubuhlobo balo ihlabathi bubutshaba kuye uThixo?”

Ukubhenela kwizixhobo zemfazwe

Umbhali-mbali ongumKatolika uE. I. Watkin ubhala oku: “Nakuba ukukuvuma kungaba buhlungu, asinako ngenxa yezilangazelelo zokhanyiselo lobuxoki okanye ngenxa yokungathembeki sisikhanyele okanye sisityeshele isibakala esingokwembali sokuba ooBhishophu bathe ngokuzingisileyo baxhasa zonke iimfazwe eziliwe ngurhulumente welizwe labo. Enyanisweni andisazi nokuba sibe sinye isihlandlo abathe ababingeleli bayigweba njengento engekho sikweni nayiphi na imfazwe . . . Enoba iyintoni na ingcamango engokomthetho, ngokuqhelekileyo intetho ethi ‘ilizwe lam lisoloko lichanile’ ibilandelwa ngexesha lemfazwe ngooBhishophu bamaKatolika.”—Morals and Missiles (London, 1959), ihlelwe nguCharles S. Thompson, iphe. 57, 58.

Mat. 26:52: “Aze athi uYesu kuye, Libuyisele endaweni yalo ikrele lakho; kuba bonke abathabatha ikrele baya kutshabalala likrele.”

1 Yoh. 3:10-12: “Babonakala ngaloo nto abantwana bakaThixo, nabantwana bakaMtyholi. . . . nalowo ungamthandiyo umzalwana wakhe [akangokaThixo]. . . . Ukuba sithandane; singabi njengoKayin, obengowongendawo, wambulala umninawa wakhe.”

Ekukhanyeni koku kwandulelayo, ngaba abo bathi bangamalandela abapostile bakufundisile baza bakuqhelisela ngenene okwakusenziwa nguKristu nangabapostile bakhe?