Nezela Umbala Othile Ekuphileni Kwakho

AKUKUBIZI mali. Kukwenza ubukeke ukhanga. Kukwenza uzethembe kakhulu. Kuyini “lokho”?

‘Kuyikhono’ lokufanelanisa noma ukuvumelanisa imibala yezingubo ozigqokayo. Nakuba kuwubuciko obungafundwa kalula, abantu abaningi bazizwa bedidekile, noma bekhungathekile, uma kuziwa ekuvumelaniseni imibala.

Ingabe uzizwa ngaleyondlela uma uzama ukunquma ukuthi ungagqoka okuphuzi kanye nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yini, noma okuphuzi kanye nokuluhlaza njengotshani? Uma kunjalo, yiba nesibindi, ngoba ukuba nezingubo ezinemibala ehambisanayo akudingi ukuba ukhumbule imithetho eminingi. Odinga ukukwazi nje okuthile ngesimo semibala nendlela esebenzelana ngayo. Ngakho akesibheke ezinye zezimiso ezithile eziyisisekelo bese sibona ukuthi ungawunezela kanjani umbala othile ekuphileni kwakho.

Mingaki Imibala Ekhona?

“Lapho sibheka uthingo sikhetha umbala obomvu, osawolintshi, ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsomi, noviolet, oluhlaza okusasibhakabhaka oxube obomvu, ngokusobala singayinaki imibala ephakathi nendawo,” kuchaza isazi sesayensi yemibala uKunihiko Takei kuPhaphama! Njengoba imibala esothingweni ishintsha kancane kancane isuka kobomvu kuye koviolet, ngakho umbala othile ngamunye ungashintshwa ngobuhlakani kusuka kongakhanyi kuye kokhanyayo, kogqamile kuye kozothile. Ukuthi kunemibala engamakhulu yombala owodwa akusho lutho.”

Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi imibala ehlukahlukene ayizona izinto ezihlukene. Ihlobene, futhi ukuqonda ngalokhu kuhlobana kuwusizo kakhulu ekufundeni indlela yokufanelanisa imibala. Ithuluzi eliwusizo kulendaba isondo lemibala, noma isiyingi. Olunye uhlobo lwalo luboniswe ekhasini 16. Imibala yothingo ihlelwe esiyingini. Imibala eyinhloko—obomvu, ophuzi, noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka—ihlukaniswe ngokulinganayo esondweni.a Ngokuxubanisa lemibala ngezilinganiso ezihlukene, yonke eminye imibala esesondweni ingavezwa.

Uma umbala osesondweni uxutshwa nesilinganiso esifanayo sombala osengxenyeni engakolunye uhlangothi lwesondo, umphumela uba umbala omnyama noma ompunga. Uma kuxutshwa imibala engenaso isilinganiso esifanayo, umphumela uba imibala engakhanyi noma imibala ephakathi nendawo esondweni elingaphakathi. Ngenxa yokuthi inemibala eyengeziwe, lemibala ephakathi nendawo ingavumelana nemibala ehlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, umbala obomvu odungiwe awunawo umbala obomvu noluhlaza okotshani kuphela kodwa futhi unophuzi noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuyiyona eveza umbala oluhlaza okotshani.

Enye indlela yokwenza imibala iwukunezela izilinganiso ezihlukene zombala omhlophe, ompunga, noma omnyama. Ompunga udunga ukugqama, umphumela ube imibala edungekile yohlobo olufanayo. Imibala ekhanyayo, ingavezwa ngokunezela omhlophe, kanti ehlukahlukene, noma imibala engakhanyi ingavezwa ngokunezela omnyama. Ishadi lemibala (phansi ngakwesokudla) likhombisa imibala eminingi yohlobo olufanayo. Phindaphinda lokhu ngemibala eminingi, futhi imibala engase ibe khona ingafinyelela ezigidini. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunemibala efiphele, nekhanyayo, nengakhanyi eyizigidi eziyishumi.

Ungase uthi: ‘Kodwa yilokho okuyinkinga. Yonke leyomibala!’ Nokho, masingalishayi indiva ihlathi ngenxa yemithi. Okubalulekile ukubona ukuhlobana kwemibala. Ingabe wake waba nejezi elibomvu owaba nomuzwa wokuthi alikufaneli ngakho-ke wanquma ukuba ungaphinde ugqoke into enombala obomvu? Ingabe kwakuwumbala obomvu ngokuluhlaza sasibhakabhaka noma obomvu ngokusawolintshi, ingabe kwakungobubende noma opinki ngokukhanyayo noma ingabe kwakungokhanyayo noma ofiphele? Uma uhlaziya umbala ngalendlela, uyothola imibala ebomvu ehlukahlukene, noma eminye imibala, ongayigqoka ngokuphumelelayo.

‘Ngingayazi Kanjani Imibala Engifanelayo?’

Nakuba kunemibala eminingi, lokhu akusho ukuthi yonke iyokufanela. Ungase uthande imibala ethile, kodwa lokho akunakuyenza ibukeke kahle uma uyigqokile. Kunalokho, imibala okuthi uma uyigqokile utuswe kakhulu iyona ekufanelayo.

Ngokwezazi eziningi, abantu bayizinhlobo ezimbili, abanye bafanelwa umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka abanye bafanelwe umbala ophuzi. Abafanelwa umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, bathi babukeka kahle uma begqoke imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nopinki ngokuzothile futhi kufanele bagweme imibala esawolintshi nensundu. Abafanelwa umbala ophuzi babukeka kahle uma begqoke umbala ophuzi, osagolide, nombala okhanyayo kodwa kungenzeka babe nenkinga ngombala onsomi (purple).

Indlela elula yokunquma ukuthi imiphi imibala ekufanelayo iwukuba usondeze leyomibala kuwe, ngamunye ngesikhathi, bese ubheka esibukweni lapho kunokukhanya kwelanga. NgokukaCarole Jackson, oweluleka ngemibala nongumlobi wencwadi ethengwa kakhulu iColor Me Beautiful, umbala okuyiwonawona “uyolenza bushelelezi futhi ulicacise ibala lakho,” futhi “uyokwenza ibala lobuso bakho libe nempilo.” Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umbala ongakufaneli “ungase wenze ibala lakho libukeke liphaphathekile, kungathi limpunga futhi kube sengathi ‘liwudaka’” futhi ungase “ugugise ngisho nobuso bakho.”

Kuthiwani Ngemithetho?

Kodwa kuthiwani ngayo yonke leyomithetho esizwa okuningi ngayo? Ingabe ukuhlanganisa imibala ethile akuvumelekile?

“Umthetho okuwukuphela kwawo namuhla uwukuthi ‘Ungasho ukuthi Ngeke,’” kubhala oweluleka ngemibala nangokubukeka uLeatrice Eiseman waseHollywood encwadini yakhe ethi Images in Colour. “Cabanga ngeziqondiso ezithile kunemithetho, engathiya ikhono lakho futhi iqede injabulo yokuba ovulekele imibono emisha.”

Ziyini iziqondiso? Nokho ngokuyisisekelo, ezimbili kuphela ongazikhumbula: (1) Hlanganisa imibala efanele ndawonye, futhi (2) ibe ngezilinganiso ezifanele. Ekusebenziseni leziqondiso eziyisisekelo, kunezindlela ezithile noma amacebo angaba usizo. Ukusebenzisa isondo lemibala noma ishadi lemibala kuyokusiza ukuba uqonde indlela lamacebo asebenza ngayo.

Monochromatics. Lokhu kusho ukusebenzisa imibala yohlobo olufanayo. Ishadi lemibala liyoba usizo lapha. Ungayibona yini indlela imibala enhlobonhlobo, necishe ifane, ehambisana ngayo? Ngisho nakuba kusetshenziswa umbala owodwa, inhlanganisela yemibala yohlobo olulodwa ingaba ngephumelelayo uma kwenziwa umahluko ngokushintshashintsha imibala ehlukene kancane necishe ifane. Inhlanganisela enje yenza ukubukeka okujabulisayo, nokubumbene.

Duochromatics, noma imibala emibili. Lokhu kuyinhlanganisela cishe oyoyisebenzisa kakhulukazi ezingutsheni. Lemibala emibili kufanele kube esondelene esondweni lemibala noma ehlukene ngangokunokwenzeka. Imibala encikene esondweni, njengobomvu nosawolintshi ngokubomvu noma obomvu nonsomi ngokubomvu, ibizwa ngokuthi imibala efanayo futhi iyahambisana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imibala emaqondana neminye esondweni, njengobomvu noluhlaza okotshani noma ophuzi nonsomi, ibizwa ngokuthi imibala ephelelisanayo. Iyagqamisana futhi yenze imibala ivelele. Ukuze usebenzise imibala ephelelisanayo ngokukhangayo, sebenzisa umbala wesibili kancane, noma sebenzisa uhlobo lwawo olungakhanyi. Umbala futhi ungasetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo nemibala eseduze kwalowo owuphelelisayo esondweni lemibala. Lena ibizwa ngokuthi ecishe iphelelisane. Umbala ophuzi kanye nonsomi ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma onsomi ngokubomvu yenza leyonhlanganisela, futhi ungase ukugqamise lokhu ngokuba owamuva ube uhlobo olungakhanyi. Uma umbala ubukeka sengathi ungcolile, uwuqhathanisa nemibala okungeyona. Funa ofanelana nawo kangcono.

Trichromatics, imibala emithathu. Lokhu ukunweba imibala emibili ngokunezela omunye umbala ofanayo noma ocishe uwuphelelise. Umbala obomvu, osawolintshi ngokubomvu kanye nosawolintshi iveza imibala emithathu efanayo. Isibonelo semibala emithathu ecishe iphelelisane kuyoba obomvu kanye noluhlaza okotshani ngokuphuzi kanye noluhlaza okotshani ngokusasibhakabhaka. Enye indlela ejabulisayo, ebizwa ngokuthi imibala emithathu, ihlanganisa imibala emithathu ehlukaniswe ngokulinganayo esondweni lemibala, njengemibala emithathu eyinhloko—obomvu, ophuzi, noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kuzo zonke izinhlanganisela ezinjalo, ngokuvamile kugqama umbala owodwa eminye ifiphale, ibe lula, noma ingakhanyi.

Polychromatics, noma imibala eminingi. Qaphelisisa uma uhlanganisa imibala emine noma ngaphezulu. Awufuni ukubukeka njengomhlekisi wasesekisini. Nokho, izingubo zendwangu eyitweed nezinemibala eminingi lapho ungekho umbala othanda ukuvelela kuneminye, azinangozi.

Ekugcineni, esigabeni esikhethekile semibala kunemibala ephakathi nendawo kwempofu, empunga, nensundu kakhulu kanti ngendlela elula omhlophe nomnyama. Umbala otaupe (inhlanganisela yompofu nompunga) ufanelana cishe nayo yonke into. Imibala ephakathi nendawo ikahle ezintweni ezibizayo, njengamasudu, ngoba ivumelana nezinto eziningi ezihlukahlukene. Imibala ephakathi nendawo iyizindinganiso zokukhanga okuhle ngokwemvelo.

Ukulinganisela Nokuvumelana

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhetha yiphi inhlanganisela, kuqaphelisise kahle ukufanelana kwemibala kukonke futhi iso lakho libe yisiqondiso. Ukubeka imithetho akunakwenzeka. Iso libona izilinganiso ngokwehlukile ngokwezici ezinjengendwangu esetshenzisiwe, ukugqama noma ukukhanya kombala, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umbala usheshe uphawuleke njengosawolintshi, noma awusheshi njengompunga.

Imibala evelela kakhulu ayijabulisi. Ngakho ukuze kube nokuvumelana yenza omunye umbala uvelele eminye ibe ngezothile, futhi ibe esekelayo. Lokhu kusebenza kuzo zonke izinhlanganisela. Ezingutsheni zokugqoka amaphesenti angu-75 kuya kwangu-90 kufanele kube imibala evelele, kutusa uEiseman. Uma ufaka umbala wesithathu ezingutsheni zakho, qiniseka ukuthi awugqami. Kodwa ukuze kube nokufanelana okuphelele, kumelwe ucabangele isikhumba sakho, amehlo akho, izinwele zakho—wena.

Khumbula futhi ukuthi eminye imibala iyokwenza ubukeke ukhuluphele, eminye ikwenze ubukeke uzacile. Umklami wezingubo wezizwe ezihlukene uMary Quant uthi: “Uma umkhulu ngenhla khetha imibala ehambisana nemibala engakhanyi ngenhla. . . . Ingabe izinqulu zakho zinkulu kunokuba uthanda? Donsela ukunakekela kwenye ingxenye yomzimba ngamajezi anemibala ekhanyayo. . . . Imibala engakhanyi ayinakeki, ekhanyayo idonsa ukunaka.” UCarole Jackson utusa icebo lokunciphisa umzimba: “Umbala okwenza ubukeke ukhanga wenza abantu bakubuke ebusweni kunasemzimbeni.”

Ngemva kokweluleka abezombangazwe baseJapane ukuba benze ngcono ukubukeka kwabo, umklami wezingubo wezizwe zonke uHanae Mori uyanezela: “Asikho isidingo sokuba obukisayo.” Leziqondiso ezilula ziyokusiza ukuba uhlale ubukeka kahle futhi ujabulele imibala. Manje qhubeka ubone ukuthi yini ongayenza! Kunemibala eyizigidi eziyishumi elindele ukuba uyinezele ekuphileni kwakho.

[Umbhalo waphansi]

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(Ukuze ubone ukuthi indaba ihlelwe kanjani, bheka encwadini)

OBOMVU

OLUHLAZA OKWESIBHAKABHAKA

OPHUZI

Oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nophuzi uveza oluhlaza njengotshani

Obomvu nophuzi uveza osawolintshi

Oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nobomvu uveza onsomi

[Igrafu]

(Ukuze ubone ukuthi indaba ihlelwe kanjani, bheka encwadini)

Izinhlobonhlobo Zombala Obomvu

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[Isithombe ekhasini 16]

Ukuvumelanisa imibala kungenza umehluko ekubukekeni kwakho