Kungani Kwakhiwa Ngamapulangwe?
NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! EJAPANE
IZINDLWANA ezingu-22 ezinjengo-anyanisi phezu kwesonto lamapulangwe zibenyezela njengamazenga enhlanzi elangeni elipholile lasenyakatho-ntshonalanga Russia. Uma zibhekisiswa kutholakala ukuthi lezi zindlu zimbozwe ngezinkulungwane zama-tile amapulangwe, manje asevithizwe izulu ngenxa yobudala. Cishe iminyaka engu-300, lesi sakhiwo samapulangwe esisesiqhingini eLake Onega besilokhu simelana nobusika obubi bakulelizwe. Buthule sinikeza ubufakazi bokuthi amapulangwe ayinguganaboya.
Ezinye izakhiwo zinikeza ubufakazi obunamandla ngisho nangokwengeziwe. Kulo lonke elasenyakatho Yurophu kuthé chithi saka izakhiwo zamapulangwe osekuyisikhathi eside zisetshenziswa. Ngokwesibonelo, umsebenzi wezandla wabaseNorway ababemagange ngokwakha izakhiwo zamapulangwe cishe ekhulwini le-12 usengabonakala emaphandleni. ENgilandi, kunesakhiwo samapulangwe esisamelana nesimo sezulu esibi, esakhiwa cishe ngo-1013, eduze nase-Ongar, e-Essex. Kodwa esibonakala sisidala kunazo zonke ithempeli lamapulangwe eliseJapane osekungamakhulu eminyaka likhona.
Isakhiwo Samapulangwe Esidala Kunazo Zonke
Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba leli Thempeli iHoryuji lime isikhathi eside kangaka? Ngokuyinhloko kungenxa yokuba ongoti kwababazi bamapulangwe bakuqala. Babekwazi ukukhetha ukhuni nokuthi iziphi izingxenye okumelwe bazisebenzise emisebenzini ethile. Kulokhu bakhetha i-hinoki (umsayipuresi waseJapane), eyayisineminyaka okungenani engu-1 000 ngaphambi kokuba igawulwe.
Umbazi oyingcweti uTsunekazu Nishioka, oye washona muva nje, wachitha isikhathi esiningi sokuphila kwakhe ekuvuseleleni leli thempeli. Wathi izipikili—ezazakhiwa ngendlela efanayo nezinkemba ze-samurai, kusetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe amasu okuqonqothela nokushisela—nazo ziye zaba nengxenye ebalulekile ekuhlaleni isikhathi eside kwaleli thempeli. Emsebenzini wokulivuselela, kwasetshenziswa izipikili ezindala ngoba, njengoba asho, “izipikili zanamuhla azihlali iminyaka engu-20.”
Abanye bangase bazibuze ukuthi iThempeli iHoryuji lineminyaka engu-1 300 ngempela yini ubudala, njengoba amaphesenti angu-35 alo aye ashintshwa kuleli khulu leminyaka. Nokho, izinsika eziningi ezinkulu, imishayo eyinhloko, nophahla kusengokwamapulangwe okuqala. UNishioka wathi: “Ngicabanga ukuthi leli thempeli lizohlala eminye iminyaka engu-1 000.”
Njengoba kwakunokhuni lwalolu hlobo olwalukhula endaweni ewazungezile, akumangalisi ukuthi amaJapane asendulo aluthanda ukhuni. Ngisho nanamuhla amakhaya awo abonisa ukuthi lolu thando luye lwadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni.
Amakhaya AseJapane
Ngaphakathi, amapulangwe asetshenziswa kakhulu, kodwa awapendwa. Izinsika, iminyango, ifenisha, njalonjalo, kuyacwazimuliswa ukuze umnyama ongokwemvelo nombala kukhange. Amapulangwe akuvulandi awacwazimuliswa nakancane. Amapulangwe angacwazimulisiwe avumelana ngokwemvelo nezihlahla nezihlahlana ezisengadini. Umphumela uwukuthula nokuzola kunokuba ube oshukumisayo.
AmaJapane amaningi athi lolu uhlobo lwendlu alufisayo. Nokho, ukhuni lwekhethelo lokwakha indlu enjalo lumba eqolo esisebenzini esivamile. Noma kunjalo, amaJapane ayathanda ukusebenzisa amapulangwe lapho engawasebenzisa khona ngoba okuhlangenwe nakho kuye kwawafundisa ukuthi ngaphandle kokubukeka kahle, amapulangwe afanelana nendawo yawo ezungezile, ehlanganisa ukuzamazama komhlaba okugadla njalo, iziphepho, ihlobo elishisayo, nobusika obubandayo.
Amapulangwe ayinzuzo emazweni anokuzamazama komhlaba, ngoba ayagoba evumelana nesimo futhi asonteke lapho ecindezelwa kuyilapho izinto ezinjengamatshe zingaqhephuka. Amapulangwe futhi anezici ezinhle kakhulu zokulondoloza umswakama nokufudumala. Naphezu kwemvula nomswakama eJapane kusukela ngo-June kuya ku-August, izindlu azidliwa umuhlwa. Amapulangwe avumelana nesimo futhi anikeza ukunethezeka okuthile kulesi sikhathi ngoba angamunca umswakama emoyeni futhi kamuva ome. Nokho, amapulangwe ayakhanga kumuntu ovamile ngenxa yezizathu ezihluke kakhulu.
Ubuhle Bamapulangwe
Emhlabeni wonke abantu abaningi bakhetha amapulangwe ngenxa yokubukeka kwawo. U-Albert Jackson noDavid Day encwadini yabo ethi Collins Good Wood Handbook bayachaza: “Njengoba amapulangwe ewumkhiqizo wemvelo, ucezu ngalunye luyingqayizivele. Ingxenye ngayinye yepulangwe ethathwe esihlahleni, noma ngisho oqwembeni olufanayo, izohluka. Ingase iqine noma ibe nombala ofanayo, kodwa hhayi umnyama ofanayo. Yilomehluko wokwakheka, ukuqina, umbala, nokusebenziseka kalula ngisho nephunga okwenza amapulangwe akhange kangaka.”
Kungani kunezinhlobo eziningi kangaka zomnyama wamapulangwe? Okokuqala, nakuba ezinye izihlahla ziba nomnyama oqondile, ezinye zakha umnyama omafindofindo, futhi ezinye ziveza umnyama omazombezombe noma ngisho osontekile. Khona-ke, njengoba izihlahla zikhula ngokuvamile ziyasonteka noma zishintshe indlela ezikhula ngayo, ziveza amagatsha, futhi izinambuzane azipheli kuzo. Konke lokhu kwakha izinhlobo ezithakazelisayo zomnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka komnyama kuyahluka kuya ngokwendlela ukhuni olusikwe ngayo. Olunye uhlobo lwepulangwe olubomvu ngokunsundu olusikwa lube nemidwana ecishe ibe mnyama kuye kwathiwa i-zebrawood kwamanye amazwe futhi kwathiwa i-tigerwood kwamanye.
Okunye okunezela ebuhleni bamapulangwe imibala ehlukahlukene. Akuwona wonke amapulangwe ansundu. Amapulangwe esihlahla esimnyama avela eNdiya, eSri Lanka, i-camwood ebomvu kuya kwensomi ngokunsundu ivela eNtshonalanga Afrika, futhi i-mahogany ebomvu tebhu ivela eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu. I-brazilwood egqamile ewolintshi ngokubomvu, okuthi lapho ibekwa elangeni ibe bomvu ngokunsundu, idabuka eBrazil. Amanye amapulangwe aluhlaza njengotshani, kanti amanye abomvana. E-Alaska kuvela amapulangwe aphuzi ngokuphaphathekile omsedari ophuzi, futhi umkhiwane waseYurophu uphaphatheke ngisho nakakhulu. Ekugcineni kwalolu chungechunge kunama-whitewood, aphaphatheke kangangokuba acishe angabi nambala.
Okukhangayo futhi kwabaningi iphunga lamapulangwe. Amanye amapulangwe anephunga elimnandi umsayipuresi, ababazi bakaSolomoni abawasebenzisa lapho bemboza iphansi lethempeli. (1 AmaKhosi 6:15) Mhlawumbe iphunga lamapulangwe omsayipuresi lalihlangana nelempepho ngezinye izikhathi. (2 IziKronike 2:4) Umsayipuresi awaziwa nje kuphela ngokuba nephunga elimnandi kodwa futhi nangokuhlala isikhathi eside nangokungadliwa umuhlwa.
Kuningi kakhulu okungashiwo kutuswa amapulangwe. Izici zawo ezinhle ziningi kangangokuba singase sizibuze ukuthi kukhona yini esingawagxeka ngakho.
Isipho Samapulangwe
Yiqiniso, akuwona wonke amapulangwe amelana nomuhlwa, futhi akuwona wonke ahlala amakhulu eminyaka. Into ekhathaza kakhulu ekwakheni ngamapulangwe umlilo. Kodwa, lapho umlilo unamandla amakhulu amapulangwe anohlonze awasheshi ukusha, awaphelelwa amandla awo ngokushesha, futhi kuthatha isikhathi ukuba awohloke kunensimbi. Nokho, izindlu eziningi namuhla zinezinsika nemishayo yamapulangwe akudala anohlonze. Ngakho umuntu kungadingeka aphume ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka endlini eshayo.
Amapulangwe awayona into yokwakha eshibhile engasho lutho. Kunalokho, amapulangwe akhethwe futhi anakekelwa kahle angaba isakhiwo esivikelekile esiyosetshenziswa amakhulu eminyaka. Ezinye izikhulu zithi abengenakubola ukuba besiwanakekela ngokufanele. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikuphi, amapulangwe ngokuqinisekile angezinye zezinto zokwakha ezinhle kakhulu uMdali asinikeze zona.
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Izindlwana ezinjengo-anyanisi phezu kwesonto lamapulangwe elisesiqhingini eLake Onega
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Tass/Sovfoto
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IThempeli lamapulangwe iHoryuji eJapane