Isihambi Esintekenteke Kodwa Esinamandla

NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! ECANADA

Izingcweti zidweba imifanekiso yazo futhi abalobi bezinkondlo babhala ngazo. Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zihlala emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo. Eziningi zihlala emahlathini, emaqeleni, nasenkangala. Ezinye zimelana namakhaza aseziqongweni zezintaba; ezinye zimelana nokushisa kwezingwadule. Ziye zachazwa njengezinye zezinambuzane ezinhle kunazo zonke.

AKUNGABAZEKI ukuthi ujwayelene nalesi sinambuzane esihle futhi esithandekayo—uvemvane. Nokho, olunye uhlobo lovemvane luye lwazuza udumo emhlabeni wonke ngekhono lalo elimangalisayo lokuhamba. Lesi sihambi esintekenteke kodwa esinamandla i-monarch. Ake sihlolisise lesi simangaliso sendalo nokufuduka kwaso okubabazekayo.

Isimangaliso Sendalo Esintekenteke

Ake uzicabange usemfundeni ngosuku olufudumele, libalele. Gxilisa amehlo akho kulezo zimvemvane ezinhle ezindizandiza ezimbalini zasendle, zifuna ukudla nokokuphuza zingayeki. Yima phuhle welule ingalo yakho. Olunye luyasondela. Oh, luzohlala engalweni yakho! Phawula ukuthi luthi cababa ngobunono kangakanani.

Manje ake uluhlolisise. Phawula amabhangqa amabili ezimpiko zalo eziwolintshi ezimpuqumpuqu, ezintekenteke, ezinobumnyama, nemidwa eklanywe ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi. Kuthiwa i-monarch yethiwa abafuduki baseNgilandi eMelika ababeyifanisa nenkosi yabo, uWilliam wase-Orange. Ngempela, lolu vemvane “luyinkosi.” Kodwa lesi simanga esintekenteke, esinesisindo esingamagremu angu-0,5 kuphela nezimpiko ezinobude obungamasentimitha angu-8 kuya kwayishumi, sinekhono lokuthatha uhambo olude, olunzima.

Ukundiza Okuhlaba Umxhwele

Nakuba kuthiwa ezinye izimvemvane zifuduka amabanga amade lapho kuqala ubusika, i-monarch kuphela ethatha uhambo olude olunjalo iya ezindaweni ezithile ngokuqondile futhi ngamanani amakhulu kangaka. Ukufuduka kwe-monarch ngempela kuyisenzo sezimvemvane esiyisimangaliso. Cabangela amanye amakhono ahlaba umxhwele alezi zihambi ezinamandla.

Uhambo lezi zimvemvane eziluthathayo ekwindla zisuka eCanada ziya ezindaweni ezichitha kuzo ubusika eCalifornia noma eMexico lungaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-3200. Zinqamula amachibi amakhulu, imifula, amathafa, nezintaba. Izigidigidi zazo ziluphetha ngokuphumelelayo uhambo lwazo lokufudukela phezulu ezintabeni zaseSierra Madre enkabeni yeMexico.

Uhambo olunjalo lumangalisa nakakhulu lapho ucabangela ukuthi izimvemvane ezincane azikaze ziluthathe lolu hambo ngaphambili, futhi azikaze zizibone nezindawo zokuchitha ubusika. Kodwa ngokungenaphutha zithungatha indlela okufanele ziyithathe futhi ziyazi lapho sezifikile ezindaweni zazo zokuchitha ubusika. Zikwenza kanjani lokhu?

I-Canadian Geographic ithi: “Ngokusobala, kunesimiso esithile sofuzo esiyinkimbinkimbi ebuchosheni bazo obuncane, mhlawumbe indlela ethile yokufunda ukukhanya kwemisebe yelanga, njengoba kwenza izinyosi, noma yokufunda amandla kazibuthe omhlaba, abonakala eqondisa izinyoni. Ikhono lokuzwa izinga elithile lokushisa nezimo ezinomswakama lingase lisize ekugcineni. Kodwa kuze kube manje isayensi ayikazitholi izimpendulo.” Njengezilwane okukhulunywe ngazo encwadini yeBhayibheli yezAga, ‘zihlakaniphile ngokomzwelo wemvelo.’—IzAga 30:24, NW.

Ama-monarch futhi ayizingcweti zokundiza. Antweza emoyeni ngejubane elingamakhilomitha angaba ngu-12 ngehora, akhuphukele phezulu ngejubane elingamakhilomitha angaba ngu-18 ngehora, futhi—njengoba noma ubani owake wazama ukubamba eyodwa azi—abaleka ngokushesha okukhulu, ngejubane elingamakhilomitha angaba ngu-35 ngehora. Anekhono elihle lokusebenzisa umoya—aphambana ngisho nanomoya wasentshonalanga ukuze andizele eningizimu-ntshonalanga lapho elibangise khona. Njengoba esebenzisa amacebo okundiza ayinkimbinkimbi, abhekana nokushintsha kwesivinini somoya nokuhamba kwawo. Njengoba kwenza abashayeli bama-glider noklebe, asebenzisa imimoya eshisayo (imimoya eshisayo enyukela phezulu). Ngokomunye umthombo, ngokuvamile ama-monarch ahamba ibanga elingafinyelela emakhilomitheni angu-200 ngosuku. Andiza emini kuphela. Ebusuku ayaphumula, ngokuvamile endaweni efanayo unyaka ngamunye.

Usosayensi wase-University of Toronto uDavid Gibo uye wathola ukuthi i-monarch ayisona nje isinambuzane esindizayo noma esintweza emoyeni kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile. Uyabika: “Lezi zimvemvane kudingeka zisebenzise umoya ngezindlela engicabanga ukuthi zihlakaniphe kakhulu kunezisetshenziswa amahansi afudukayo.” Umkhuba wokushaya izimpiko, ukuntweza emoyeni, nokudla wenza ama-monarch akwazi ukufika eMexico enamafutha anele okuzondla ubusika bonke nasekuqaleni kohambo lwawo lokubuyela enyakatho entwasahlobo. UProfesa Gibo futhi uthi: “Lolu hambo olude alwenza ngokuntweza emoyeni okuwagcina enamandla futhi ephilile.”

Ukufuduka Ngobuningi

Sekuyisikhathi eside kwaziwa ukuthi ama-monarch asentshonalanga yeRocky Mountains afudukela eningizimu futhi achithe ubusika eCalifornia. Angabonakala eqhwakele ngobuningi ezihlahleni zikaphayini nezikagamthilini ezindaweni ezingasogwini oluseningizimu yeCalifornia. Kodwa indawo ama-monarch afudukela kuyo ngobuningi empumalanga yeCanada yayiyimfihlakalo isikhathi eside.

Ngo-1976 lemfihlakalo yasonjululwa. Izindawo achitha kuzo ubusika ekugcineni zatholakala—isiqongo esinehlathi ezintabeni zaseSierra Madre eMexico. Kwatholakala izigidigidi zezimvemvane ziqhwakele ngobuningi emagatsheni naseziqwini zezihlahla ezinde, ezimpunga ze-fir. Lombukwane ohlaba umxhwele usazikhanga kakhulu izivakashi.

Enye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu eCanada zokubona iqulo lama-monarch kusePoint Pelee National Park, e-Ontario, lapho ebuthana khona elungiselela ukufudukela eningizimu. Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo abuthana kulendawo eseningizimu eCanada, alinde ogwini olusenyakatho lweLake Erie kuze kube nomoya nezinga lokushisa elifanele ngaphambi kokuba athathe uhambo lwawo lokuya eningizimu ezindaweni achitha kuzo ubusika eMexico.

Izindawo Aya Kuzo

Lapho esuka ePoint Pelee, adlula eziqhingini eLake Erie ukuze aqale uhambo olude lokunqamula izwekazi lase-United States. Endleleni, ahlangana namanye amaqembu ama-monarch aqhubeka nawo ekufudukeni. Phezulu ezintabeni enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeMexico City, ama-monarch alinganiselwa ezigidini eziyikhulu ayabuthana ukuze achithe ubusika khona.

Amanye afudukayo adlula eFlorida naseCaribbean, futhi lawa angase agcine ezindaweni ezingakatholakali eYucatán Peninsula noma eGuatemala. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi aseMexico noma kwezinye izindawo achitha kuzo ubusika, ama-monarch abuthana ndawonye eziqeshaneni ezimbalwa zamahlathi asezintabeni.

Umuntu angase acabange ukuthi uhambo lwawo olude lokuya endaweni achitha kuyo ubusika luwaholela endaweni efudumele, ezimfundeni ezishisayo. Kodwa akunjalo. OKhahlamba lwaseMexico iTransvolcanic, lapho eya khona, kuyabanda. Nokho, isimo sezulu salezi ziqongo zezintaba sikulungele kahle ukuba achithe khona ubusika. Kubanda ngokwanele ukuwenza achithe isikhathi sawo cishe engenzi lutho—kanjalo andise isikhathi sawo sokuphila ngezinyanga ezingu-8 noma eziyishumi, okuwenza akwazi ukundizela eMexico, achithe ubusika khona, futhi aqale uhambo lokuphindela emuva. Ungase usho ukuthi iholide ngandlela-thile.

Lapho kufika intwasahlobo, ama-monarch aqala ukushukuma futhi. Njengoba izinsuku ziba zinde, lezi zimvemvane zindizandiza elangeni, ziqale ukukhwelana, bese ziqala uhambo lwazo lokubuyela enyakatho. Kukholelwa ukuthi ezinye zingase ziluqede uhambo lokubuyela emuva, kodwa ngokuvamile inzalo kuphela efinyelela ezintabeni zokuchitha ihlobo eCanada nasenyakatho ye-United States. Izizukulwane ezintathu noma ezine zamaqanda, izibungu, iziphungumangathi, nezimvemvane kancane kancane zinyuka nezwe ziye enyakatho. Eyensikazi—enamaqanda avundisiwe ayikhulu noma ngaphezulu—indizandiza ezimbalini zasendle futhi ibekele amaqanda ayo ngalinye ngesikhathi ngaphansi kwamaqabunga amancane e-milkweed, athambile. Kanjalo-ke umjikelezo uyaqhubeka, futhi uhambo lwama-monarch lokuya endaweni achitha kuyo ihlobo luyaqhubeka.

Ngempela, i-monarch iyisilwanyana esithakazelisayo. Yeka ilungelo abantu abanalo lokubuka nokuhlola imisebenzi yayo. Nokho, akumangalisi ukuthi izindawo ze-monarch zokuchitha ubusika osekuyisikhathi eside ziyimfihlo eMexico, kanye nezindawo eya kuzo eCalifornia, zisongelwa ezentengiselwano zabantu. Ukucabanga ukuthi lezi zimangaliso zendalo ezintekenteke zinenye indawo ezingaya kuyo kungaphumela ekuqothulweni kwazo. Ngokujabulisayo, kwenziwa imizamo yokuzivikela esimweni esinjalo esingase sivele. Yeka indlela okuyoba kuhle ngayo emhlabeni oyiPharadesi othenjiswe uMdali manje oseduze, lapho lezi zihambi ezintekenteke kodwa ezinamandla ziyoqinisekiswa khona ngendawo elondekile!

[Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 15]

Butterfly: Parks Canada/J. N. Flynn

[Imithombo Yesithombe ekhasini 17]

Page 16 top and bottom: Parks Canada/J. N. Flynn; middle: Parks Canada/D. A. Wilkes; page 17 top: Parks Canada/J. N. Flynn; middle and bottom: Parks Canada/J. R. Graham