Izinso Zakho—Izisefo Ezisekela Ukuphila

NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! E-IRELAND

UMHLABA nomzimba womuntu kunento ethile okufana ngayo: Ukuze kusekele ukuphila, kokubili kudinga isisefo. Umhlaba kudingeka uvikelwe ekuhlaselweni ngokuqhubekayo imisebe yelanga eyingozi. Ungqimba lwe-ozone lomkhathi wethu luyayisefa, lwenze ukuba ukukhanya okusekela ukuphila kudlulele emhlabeni. Futhi kuthiwani ngomzimba wakho? Izinqubo eziningi zamakhemikhali ezenzeka emzimbeni wakho zifaka izinto ezinobuthi nokungcola egazini lakho. Uma lezi zinto ziyekwa, zingakubangela izinkinga ezingathi sína, ngisho nokufa. Kufuneka zihlale zisefwa futhi zikhishwe.

Lomsebenzi wokusefa ungomunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko eyenziwa izinso zakho. Kodwa kwenzeka kanjani ukuba lezi zitho ezincane zibone, zihlukanise, futhi zikhiphe izinto eziyingozi, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo ziqikelela ukuthi kusala izinto ezibalulekile ukuze zondle umzimba wakho? Futhi ungazisiza kanjani izinso zakho ukuba zikugcine ungumqemane?

Yini Engaphakathi Ezinsweni Zakho?

Ngokuvamile abantu banezinso ezimbili—eyodwa ohlangothini ngalunye lomgogodla uma uya ngasokhalweni. Ngayinye inobude obungamasentimitha ayishumi nobubanzi obungamasentimitha amahlanu, futhi inobukhulu obungamasentimitha amabili nengxenye nesisindo esisuka kumagremu angu-110 kuya kwangu-170. Uma inso isikwa phakathi nendawo, kusuka phezulu kuya phansi, kubonakala izici eziningi ezicacile, eziboniswe ezithombeni ezihambisana nalesi sihloko.

Ukuze ubone ngeso lengqondo ukuthi inso isebenza kanjani, cabanga ngezinkulungwane zezibukeli eziya emdlalweni othile enkundleni. Okokuqala, lesi sixuku kumelwe sihlukane senze imigqa emincane eminingi. Khona-ke, abantu abasemgqeni ngamunye bayadlula ngamunye ngamunye emasangweni anonogada, kuyilapho abantu abangenawo amathikithi bebuyiselwa eceleni. Izibukeli ezinamathikithi ziyangena ziye ezihlalweni zazo.

Ngokufanayo, izakhi zegazi lakho kudingeka zijikeleze wonke umzimba wakho. Nokho, njengoba zijikeleza, kumelwe zidlule ngokuphindaphindiwe ezinsweni zakho ngemithambo emikhulu yegazi, ama-renal artery, inso ngayinye inomthambo owodwa. (Bheka umfanekiso ekhasini 24.) Ngemva kokungena ensweni, i-renal artery iyahlukana ibe imithambo emincane ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwenso. Ngakho izakhi ezihlukahlukene zegazi lakho ziyahlelwa zibe “imigqa” emincane elawulekayo.

Ekugcineni, igazi lifika kulezi zixha ezincane, ngasinye esinemithambo emincane esontene engaba ngu-40. Isixha ngasinye, okuthiwa i-glomerulus, simbozwe ulwelwesi olumbaxa-mbili okuthiwa i-Bowman’s capsule.a Kokubili, i-glomerulus ne-Bowman’s capsule kwenza ingxenye yokuqala ‘yesango elinonogada’ ezinsweni zakho, i-nephron—isisefo esiyinhloko sezinso zakho. Kunama-nephron angaphezu kwesigidi ensweni ngayinye. Kodwa mancane kangangokuba uyodinga isibonakhulu ukuze uhlole eyodwa!—Bheka umfanekiso we-nephron, okhuliswe kakhulu, ekhasini 25.

Izigaba Ezimbili Zokusefwa Kwegazi Lakho

Amangqamuzana egazi namaprotheni asegazini lakho abalulekile. Enza imisebenzi ebalulekile emzimbeni wakho njengokuwunikeza umoya-mpilo, ukuwuvikela nokuwuvuselela uma ulimele. Ukuze sivimbele ukulahleka kwamangqamuzana egazi namaprotheni, isigaba sokuqala sokusefa igazi siyawahlukanisa kuzo zonke ezinye izakhi. Lomsebenzi okhethekile wenziwa ama-Bowman’s capsule. Kodwa kanjani?

Imithambo yegazi engena kuyi-glomerulus iyahlukana ibe imithambo emincane enolwelwesi oluncane kakhulu. Ngakho, umfutho wegazi ungakhipha amanzi namanye ama-molecule amancane ngenkani egazini lakho ngolwelwesi oluncane lwemithambo emincane, uwafake kuyi-Bowman’s capsule nasethunjini eliphothene elixhunywe kuyo. Leli thumbu libizwa ngokuthi i-convoluted tubule. Ama-molecule amaprotheni amakhudlwana nawo wonke amangqamuzana egazi asala egazini futhi aqhubeke egeleza emithanjeni emincane.

Manje kwenzeka ukusefa okwengeziwe. Izinso zakho kumelwe ziqikelele ukuthi akukho lutho olubalulekile oluphumayo emzimbeni wakho! Uketshezi olugeleza kule-tubule kuleli qophelo luyingxubevange yamanzi, enama-molecule awusizo ancibilikile kanye nakho konke ukungcola okungafuneki emzimbeni. Amangqamuzana akhethekile asolwelwesini olungaphakathi lwe-tubule aqaphela ama-molecule awusizo, njengamanzi, usawoti, ushukela, amaminerali, amavithamini, ama-hormone nama-amino acid. Lama-molecule akhishwa ngokuphumelelayo ngokumuncwa ulwelwesi lwe-tubule abese ephindela emuva oxhaxheni lwemithambo emincane eseduze ukuze aphinde angene egazini lakho. Lemithambo emincane iyahlangana futhi bese yakha umthambo wegazi okuthiwa i-renal vein. Igazi lakho manje elisefiwe futhi lahlanzwa liphuma ngawo ezinsweni bese liyosekela ukuphila komzimba wakho.

Ukukhipha Ukungcola

Kodwa kuthiwani ngoketshezi olusala kuyi-tubule? Ngokusobala lunezinto umzimba wakho ongazidingi. Njengoba lolu ketshezi luqhubeka lugeleza kuyi-tubule luya kuyi-collecting tubule, noma kuyi-collecting duct enkudlwana, amanye amangqamuzana olwelwesini lwe-tubule afaka uketshezi olwengeziwe, kuhlanganise ne-ammonia, i-potassium, i-urea, i-uric acid namanzi asele. Ekugcineni lokhu kuba umchamo.

Ama-collecting duct avela kuma-nephron ahlukahlukene ayahlangana abese ekhipha umchamo ngezimbobo ezisemachosheni ama-pyramid ezinso. Umchamo ungena kuyi-renal pelvis bese uphuma nge-ureter, ithumbu elihlanganisa inso nesinye. Umchamo ugcinwa esinyeni sakho ngaphambi kokuba uphume emzimbeni wakho.

Naphezu kobuncane bawo, ama-nephron angaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili asezinsweni zakho enza umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu. I-New Encyclopædia Britannica ithi: “Ama-nephron . . . asefa wonke ama-quart amahlanu [amalitha amahlanu] amanzi egazini njalo emizuzwini engu-45.” Lapho izinto eziningi seziphinde zamuncwa futhi izinqubo eziningi seziphelile, umuntu ovamile ongumqemane angakhipha cishe amalitha amabili okungcola okuwumchamo emzimbeni wakhe njalo emahoreni angu-24. Yeka isimiso sokusefa esizikhandlayo futhi esicophelelayo!

Zinakekele Izinso Zakho!

Izinso zakho ziyazihlanza futhi zizisevise ngokwazo, ziyakwazi ukusebenza isikhathi eside. Nokho, kunendima okumelwe uyifeze ukuze uzisize zenze umsebenzi wazo. Kumelwe izinso zakho zithole amanzi amaningi ukuze umzimba wakho uhlale uphilile. Ngempela, ukuphuza amanzi anele kubhekwa njengendlela eyinhloko yokuvimbela izifo zezinso nokwakheka kwamaguludla ezinso.b UDkt. C. Godec, usihlalo we-Urology Department yaseLong Island College Hospital, eNew York, uthi ukuphuza amanzi kuyasisiza futhi nesimiso sakho sokugaya ukudla nesokusebenza kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

Kufanele uphuze amanzi angakanani? UDkt. Godec nabanye odokotela abaningi batusa ukuthi ngaphezu kokudla okunye ukudla nokuphuza iziphuzo, umuntu ngamunye kufanele aphuze okungenani amalitha amabili amanzi ngosuku. UDkt. Godec watshela i-Phaphama!: “Abantu abaningi abanawo amanzi emzimbeni.” Waphawula ukuthi uma nje izinso zakho noma inhliziyo yakho ingakabi nasifo, amanzi ayinikeza impilo. UDkt. Godec wathi: “Kodwa kumelwe uphuze amanzi anele. Abantu abaningi abawaphuzi.”

Abanye bathola ukuthi amanzi aba mtoti uma enongiwe kancane, njengalapho efakwe ulamula. Abanye bathanda ukunambitheka kwamanzi omthombo noma amanzi aye acwengwa ngenqubo okuthiwa i-activated charcoal. Kunoma yikuphi, kungcono ukuba izinso zakho zithole amanzi angenalutho noma anongwe kancane kunanoma yisiphi esinye isiphuzo. Eqinisweni, ushukela okojusi bezithelo neziphuzo ezinoshukela kwandisa ukoma emzimbeni. Iziphuzo ezine-alcohol noma i-caffeine zibangela ukuba umzimba ulahlekelwe amanzi.

Ukujwayela ukuphuza amalitha amanzi amabili ngosuku kungaba inselele ngempela. Phakathi kokunye, abantu abaningi bakuthola kunzima noma kuhlazisa ukuyochama kaningi kunokuvamile. Kodwa umzimba wakho uyokubonga ngokwenza lowo mzamo owengeziwe. Ngaphandle kokukusiza ulondoloze impilo yakho, ukuphuza amanzi anele kungase kuthuthukise ngisho nokubukeka kwakho. Odokotela bathi ukudla okunomsoco nokuphuza kakhulu amanzi kuphumelela kakhulu ekugcineni isikhumba sakho sibukeka kahle kunanoma yimuphi umuthi wesikhumba.

Ngeshwa, isimiso sethu sokoma asiphelele, futhi siya ngokuthuntubala njengoba sikhula. Ngakho, asinakuthembela ekomeni kuphela ukuze sinqume ukuthi kudingeka siphuze amanzi angakanani. Ungaqiniseka kanjani ukuthi uphuza amanzi anele? Abanye baqala ngokuphuza izingilazi zamanzi ezimbili ekuseni, bese bephuza enye ingilazi ngezikhathi ezithile. Abanye babeka isitsha esinamanzi eduze esibonisa ngalé—okuyisikhumbuzo sokuthi baphuze amanzi ngezikhathi ezithile phakathi nosuku. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi indlela oyisebenzisayo, ukuphuza amanzi amaningi ahlanzekile kuyindlela enhle yokubonisa ukwazisa ngezinso zakho—izisefo ezimangalisayo ezikugcina uphila.

[Imibhalo yaphansi]

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 25]

Ama-nephron—Izisefo Eziyinhloko

KUNAMA-NEPHRON angaphezu kwesigidi ensweni ngayinye. Isimiso samathumbu esikuyi-nephron ngayinye sinobude obungaba amasentimitha amathathu nobubanzi obungamamilimitha angu-0,05 kuphela. Nokho, uma lamathumbu enso ngayinye abengathonjululwa, abengahlanganisa ibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-30!

Eqinisweni i-Bowman’s capsule iyingxenye esekugcineni efacakile kuyi-convoluted tubule ye-nephron. Le-tubule izungezwe uxhaxha lwemithambo yegazi emincane ebizwa ngokuthi ama-capillary. Le-tubule ingena kuyi-collecting duct enkudlwana, ekhipha ukungcola nobuthi obusefwe yi-nephron.

[Umdwebo ekhasini 24, 25]

I-“renal vein” iyisa igazi eselisefwe kabusha emzimbeni

I-“renal artery” iyisa igazi elingakasefwa ensweni

Ama-“renal pyramid” ayizinto ezicijile eziyisa umchamo kuyi-“renal pelvis”

I-“cortex” ine-“glomerulus” ye-“nephron” ngayinye

I-“renal pelvis” iyifanela eqoqa umchamo bese iwuthumela kuyi-“ureter”

I-“ureter” ithatha umchamo ensweni iwuyise esinyeni

[Umdwebo ekhasini 25]

Ama-“nephron,” angamathumbu amancane asefayo angaba izigidi ezimbili, ahlanza igazi

I-“Bowman’s capsule”

I-“glomerulus”

Umchamo uqoqwa yi-“convo- luted tubule,” bese uya esinyeni

Imithambo emincane