Okwenza Umculo Usithonye
UMCULO nolimi kutholakala kubantu kuphela. Bekuyoba nzima ukuphila ngaphandle kwalezi zinto zombili. Incwadi ethi The Musical Mind ithi: “Kokubili ulimi nomculo kuyizici zesintu okubonakala zitholakala embulungeni yonke.” Ziyingxenye yesidingo esinaso sokuxhumana nabanye. Ngakho njengoba kunjalo nangolimi, singasho sithi lapho umculo “ukhuluma,” imizwelo yethu “iyalalela.”
Kungani futhi kukanjani umculo ukhuluma nemizwelo yethu? Ukuze siphendule lokho, kufanele sicabangele: (1) izakhi zomculo ngokwazo (musical elements) nendlela ubuchopho bethu obuziqonda ngayo; (2) ukubunjwa kwemizwelo yethu nesizinda esingokwesiko, okuthonya indlela esisabela ngayo lapho sizwa umculo; kanye (3) nolimi, nalo olungayithonya indlela esisabela ngayo.
Izakhi Zomculo
Izici zomculo ngokuvamile kuthiwa “izakhi zomculo.” Lezi zakhi zihlanganisa indlela yokukhala, noma umsindo wensimbi yomculo. Ngokwesibonelo, icilongo i-French horn lichazwa ngokuthi linomsindo “ondondayo” noma omkhulu, ohluke kakhulu kowecilongo elivamile “ophakeme.” Nakuba womabili la macilongo ebalwa ngaphansi kwesigaba esifanayo sezinsimbi zomculo ezifuthwayo, ngalinye likhipha imvunge yomculo ehlukile. Yilokhu okwenza insimbi ngayinye ibe “nephimbo” layo eliyingqayizivele. Abaqambi bezingoma basebenzisa lezi zimfanelo ukuze babhale izingoma ezithile ezishukumisa imizwelo yesilaleli.
Ngokunokwenzeka esinye sezakhi zokuqala esizijwayelayo yisigqi—mhlawumbe lapho sisesesibelethweni, silalele ukushaya kwenhliziyo kamama. Kuthiwa indlela esisabela ngayo lapho sizwa isigqi somculo ingase ithonywe ukushaya kwenhliziyo yethu noma ngisho nokuphefumula kwethu. Yingakho nje abantu abaningi bethanda isigqi somculo esishaya izikhathi ezingu-70 kuya kweziyikhulu ngomzuzu—inani elifanayo nokushaya okuvamile kwenhliziyo yomuntu omdala onempilo. Okungenani yilokho okuvezwa yiphephabhuku i-Perceptual and Motor Skills.
Ukuhlukahluka okukhulu komculo ovezwa yilezi zakhi kubonakala lapho kucatshangelwa izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene nomculo eziwukhiqizayo. Umsindo ohlabayo we-bassoon engxenyeni yesibili ye-concerto kaMozart ye-bassoon ungase ushukumise imizwelo nemizwa ejulile. Umsindo ophansi wemfijoli yamaJapane i-shakuhachi ungase uthinte inhliziyo. Umsindo ohoshozayo we-tenor saxophone wenza imvunge ye-blues ihlale ezingqondweni zabaningi. I-oompah yecilongo leqembu lomculo lamaJalimane ngokuvamile ishukumisa imizwa yenjabulo. Umsindo omnandi wama-violin ashaya i-waltz kaStrauss ushukumisa abaningi abawulalele ukuba bafune ukudansa. NgokukaClive E. Robbins, we-Nordoff-Robbins Music Therapy Center, eNew York, amathonya anjalo avela ngoba “umculo ugijima negazi.”
Imvunge, Ukubhimba Nobumnandi Bengoma
Imvunge ikhipha umsindo omnandi, kanti ukubhimba kukhipha ohlabayo. Kodwa ubuwazi yini ukuthi lezi zakhi ziyasebenzelana komunye umculo? Ingoma ezwakala iyimvunge ngokunokwenzeka inokubhimba okuningi kunalokho ongase ukucabange. Ukuxubana njalo kwemvunge nokubhimba kusenza sibambe umoya sibuye siwudedele, nakuba sisuke singanakile, imizwelo iyazenzela. Lokhu kushintshashintsha okungokomzwelo kuyathoba, kanti umculo obhimbayo uwodwa ungahlaba futhi ungajabulisi—njengokuhwaya isileti noma ibhodi ngezinzipho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma umculo uyimvunge kuphela, ungabangela isithukuthezi.
Ubumnandi bengoma (melody) buwukuhlelwa ngobuciko kwamanothi alandelanayo. Ngokwezazi ezithile, leli gama lisuselwa egameni lesiGreki elithi meʹlos, elisho “ingoma.” Ngokwezichazamazwi, imvunge iyingoma emnandi, umsindo omnandi.
Nokho, akukhona ukuhlelwa kwamanothi nganoma iyiphi indlela okwenza ingoma ibe mnandi. Ngokwesibonelo, izikhawu ezinde ezivela njalo phakathi kwamanothi alandelanayo zingase zenze ingoma icace kodwa ingabi mnandi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amanothi ashaya ngaphandle kwezikhawu eziningi ezinde angenza umculo ube mnandi. Ukuhlelwa okuhlukene kwamanothi nezikhawu kwenza ingoma idabukise noma ijabulise. Njengemvunge, ubumnandi bengoma benza ukuba sibambe umoya siphinde siwudedele, imizwelo yethu iyathinteka lapho umsindo ukhuphuka nalapho wehla—okuwukuthi, ukuphakama noma ukwehla kwamanothi.
Lapho zihlangene, zonke lezi zakhi zinamandla amakhulu angashukumisa noma athobe imizwelo yethu. Lokhu kungenxa yezindlela ezihlukahlukene ubuchopho bethu obuqonda futhi buhlaziye ngazo umculo.
Umculo Nobuchopho
Abanye basikisela ukuthi ulimi nokuhluzeka kwengqondo kulawulwa ngokuyinhloko uhlangothi lobuchopho lwesobunxele, kuyilapho umculo uhlaziywa uhlangothi lwesokudla lobuchopho, olusingatha imizwa nemizwelo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lokhu kuyiqiniso noma cha, kusobala ukuthi umculo ungenza abantu abawulalele basabele ngokuphazima kweso. Iphephabhuku i-Perceptual and Motor Skills likubeka ngale ndlela: “Umculo unamandla okuvusa imizwa nemizwelo ngendlela esheshayo nephumelelayo. Lokho obekungase kuthathe imisho eminingi ukukuchaza encwadini . . . , emculweni ngokuvamile kungashiwo ngemvunge nje eyodwa yamanothi.”
Uma kuziwa ekuhlobaneni kokubona nokuzwa nendlela esisabela ngayo kulokhu, incwadi ethi Music and the Mind inala mazwi athakazelisayo: “Kunokuhlobana okukhulu phakathi kokuzwa nokushukuma kwemizwelo kunaphakathi kokubona nokushukuma kwemizwelo. . . . Ukubona isilwane esilimele noma umuntu osezinhlungwini kodwa othule kungase kungayishukumisi kangako imizwelo yomuntu obukele. Kodwa lapho eqala ememeza, ngokuvamile obukele uthinteka kakhulu.”
Umculo, Izosha Kanye Nawe
Abanye abantu banombono wokuthi umculo othile ubathinta ngendlela efanayo bonke abalalele. Nokho, abanye bathi indlela umuntu asabela ngayo lapho ezwa imvunge emnandi noma ingoma kuveza isimo sakhe sengqondo noma isimo ake wabhekana naso ngaphambili. Isibonelo salokhu kungase kube yilapho umuntu owashonelwa othandekayo wakhe ezwa ingoma ethile, mhlawumbe endaweni yokukhulekela. Leyo ngoma ingase ishukumise inkumbulo futhi ibangele ukudabuka noma ngisho nezinyembezi kumuntu owashonelwa. Abanye abangekho kuleso simo bangase bahlabelele ingoma efanayo beneme.
Cabangela futhi incazelo yecilongo i-French horn necilongo elivamile esiyinikeze ekuqaleni. Ungase ungavumi ukuthi i-French horn inomsindo ondondayo. Ungase uyizwe ikhala ngesizotha noma ngokwenama, kanti icilongo lingase likuthinte ekujuleni kwenhliziyo. Sonke sinemizwa eyingqayizivele engase ishukunyiswe umculo—ngenxa yalokho, sisabela ngendlela yethu.
Umculo wenza amagama noma imiqondo ivumelane nemizwelo. Ngakho, zimbalwa izikhangiso zethelevishini noma zomsakazo ezidlalwa ngaphandle komculo. Ngokuvamile amazwi awasho lutho. Kodwa uma sihambisana nomculo ofanele, leso sikhangiso sizoyishukumisa imizwelo yezilaleli. Yeka indlela okuyiqiniso ngayo ukuthi inhloso yezikhangiso eziningi iwukwenza umuntu athenge ngoba eshukunyiswa yimizwelo hhayi ngoba eye wacabangisisa!
Nakuba ukukhangisa kungase kuqede imali yomphakathi, amandla ezosha nomculo anomphumela ongemuhle oyingozi nakakhulu. I-Journal of Youth and Adolescence ibonisa ukuthi ngokusebenzisa izosha eziphindaphindwayo, abaqambi bezingoma bafundisa intsha ukuba ingayishayi mkhuba imibono yabanye futhi “ibe ontamo lukhuni.” Ngokomunye umthombo, imiyalezo edluliswa “yizosha ze-rap eziyimpikiswano . . . , eziyingcaca kunezomculo onesigqi esinamandla,” ingafinyelela imizwelo yezilaleli futhi ibangele ukuziphatha okunonya.
Ingabe izenzo ezimbi zingavinjelwa uma umuntu elalela nje umculo futhi engazinaki izosha? Kufanele sivume ukuthi ngokwezinga elikhulu, kunzima ukuzwa amazwi omculo onesigqi esinamandla ne-rap. Eqinisweni, ngokuvamile lawo mazwi agqitshwa umsindo womculo oklabalasayo. Nokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amazwi ayezwakala yini noma cha, umyalezo usakazwa yisigqi esinamandla nemvunge ephindaphindwayo!
Kanjani? Izihloko zezinye izingoma ngokwazo zishukumisa ingqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo lomculo ngokwalo luwumyalezo. Yimuphi umyalezo odluliswayo? Iphephabhuku elithile lentsha lithi: “Kubonakala kushukumisa umbono wokuzizwa unamandla nokuzibusa ngokobulili.” Elinye lithi: “Izihloko eziyinhloko ezivezwayo . . . ukuvukela okubi, ubudlova, ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa notshwala, ukuziphatha okuxekethile ngokobulili, ukonakala nokukhulekelwa kukaSathane.”
Enye intsha ithi nakuba lokho kuyiqiniso, akuyithinti ngendlela embi. Ingase ithi umculo onjalo uyinzuzo ngoba uyisiza ukuba ‘iziqonde’ ukuthi ingobani. Ingabe kunjalo? I-Journal of Youth and Adolescence ithi: “Intukuthelo, ubutha nomuzwa wokuba namandla abanye abafana abawuthola emculweni onesigqi esinamandla ungase ekugcineni wamukeleke kubafana abayizehluleki ngemva kokuchitha usuku lonke esikoleni betshelwa ukuthi bayizehluleki.” Ibe isinezela: “Okuyindida ukuthi ukufuna kwentsha ubuntu obulondekile nobuzinzile kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwendlela kawonk’ uwonke yokudlulisa imibono. Kunokuba ifune izikhathi eziyingqayizivele iyodwa, intsha ifuna imibono esikhona kakade etholakala embonini yezomculo.” Ngamanye amazwi, omunye umuntu utshela le ntsha ukuthi kufanele icabange futhi izizwe kanjani.
Ake sibheke amakhonsathi e-rock. Anamuphi umphumela ezixukwini eziya kuwo? Incwadi ethi Music and the Mind iyaphendula: “Akungabazeki ukuthi, ngokushukumisa imizwelo yesixuku nokuqikelela ukuthi imizwelo yabo bonke ishukunyiswa kanyekanye, umculo ungaba nethonya elikhulu eliphazamisa ukuhluzeka, elibangela ukuyekelela, okuyingxenye eyingozi yendlela izixuku eziziphatha ngayo.” Ezinye izenzakalo zokuyekelela okungalawuleki emakhonsathini e-rock zibonisa ukuthi lawo mazwi ayiqiniso.
Ngakho, ukuze sigweme ukungcoliswa izingqondo nezinhliziyo, kumelwe sicophelele ekukhetheni umculo. Singakwenza kanjani lokho? Isihloko sethu esiphethayo sizophendula lo mbuzo.
[Isithombe ekhasini 7]
Ngokuvamile umculo wenza abawulalele bafune ukudansa