Kungani Siguga?

“Umuntu, ozelwe owesifazane, unokuphila okufushane futhi ugcwele usizi.”—JOBE 14:1, THE JERUSALEM BIBLE.

KUNGENZEKA wake wacabanga ukuthi kulindeleke ukuba zonke izinto eziphilayo ziwohloke. Izimoto nemishini yokuhlanza kusetshenziswa njalo kuze kuguge, kugcine kungasasebenzi. Kulula ukucabanga ukuthi izilwane nazo ziyaguga bese zifa ngendlela efanayo. Kodwa uprofesa wesayensi yezilwane uSteven Austad uyachaza: “Izinto eziphilayo zihluke kakhulu emishinini. Empeleni, isici esiyinhloko esenza izinto eziphilayo zihluke kungaba ikhono lazo lokuzivuselela.”

Indlela umzimba ozivuselela ngayo ngemva kokulimala iyamangalisa, kodwa inqubo evamile yokuzivuselela komzimba imangalisa ngisho nakakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga ngamathambo. Umagazini i-Scientific American uyachaza: “Nakuba ithambo libonakala lingaphili uma ulibuka ngaphandle, liyisitho esiphilayo esinesimiso esisusa amangqamuzana afile futhi sizivuselele njalo njengoba umuntu ekhula. Empeleni, le nqubo ivuselela amathambo awo wonke umzimba njalo ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi.” Ezinye izingxenye zomzimba zivuselelwa njalo. Amanye amangqamuzana esikhumba, isibindi nesisu avuselelwa cishe nsuku zonke. Umzuzwana ngamunye, umzimba ukhiqiza amangqamuzana amasha angaba izigidi ezingu-25 athatha indawo yamanye. Ukube lokhu bekungenzeki futhi zonke izingxenye zomzimba zingazivuseleli ngokuqhubekayo noma zithathelwe indawo ezinye, abantu bebeyoguga beseyizingane.

Iqiniso lokuthi amangqamuzana ethu awawohloki laphawuleka ngisho nakakhulu lapho izazi zokusebenza komzimba ziqala ukuhlola izinhlayiya zamangqamuzana aphilayo. Lapho amangqamuzana omzimba ezivuselela, ingqamuzana ngalinye elisha kumelwe libe nekhophi ye-DNA, inhlayiya enayo yonke imininingwane edingekayo yezakhi zofuzo ukuze yakhe kabusha wonke umzimba wakho. Ake ucabange nje ukuthi i-DNA iye yakhiqizwa kaningi kangakanani, hhayi emzimbeni wakho nje kuphela uma usaphila kodwa kusukela lapho umuntu ophilayo eqala ukuba khona! Ukuze uqonde ukuthi lokhu kumangalisa kanjani, cabanga ukuthi bekuzokwenzekani ukube ubusebenzisa umshini wokwenza amakhophi encwadi ethile, bese usebenzisa le khophi entsha ukuze wenze enye entsha futhi. Ukube ubungakwenza ngokuqhubekayo lokhu, izinga lalawo makhophi belizokwehla aze agcine engasafundeki. Okujabulisayo ukuthi izinga le-DNA yethu alehli futhi ayiwohloki lapho amangqamuzana ezandisa ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ngani? Ngoba amangqamuzana ethu omzimba anezindlela eziningi zokulungisa amaphutha angase enzeke kula makhophi e-DNA. Ukube lokhu bekungenzeki, ngabe kade isintu saba uthuli!

Njengoba zonke izingxenye zomzimba wethu—kusukela kwezinkulu kuya ezinhlayiyeni ezincane—zivuselelwa noma zithathelwe indawo ezinye njalo, ukuwohloka kwamangqamuzana akuyichazi ngokugcwele inqubo yokuguga. Izimiso eziningi zomzimba ziyazivuselela noma zithathe indawo yezinye amashumi amaningi eminyaka, ngasinye ngendlela ehlukile nangesivinini esihlukile. Pho, kungani zonke ziyeka ukusebenza cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo?

Ingabe Ukuguga Kuhlelwe Kusengaphambili?

Kungani ikati liphila iminyaka engu-20, kodwa i-opossum elingana nalo ngobukhulu iphila iminyaka emithathu nje kuphela?a Kungani ilulwane liphila iminyaka engu-20 noma engu-30, kodwa igundane liphile iminyaka emithathu nje kuphela? Kungani ufudu luphila iminyaka engu-150, kodwa indlovu iphila iminyaka engu-70 nje kuphela? Izici ezinjengokudla, isisindo somzimba, ubungako bobuchopho, noma izinga lokukhula komzimba, azikuchazi lokhu kuhlukahluka kwesikhathi sokuphila. I-Encyclopædia Britannica ithi: “Ngaphakathi ezakhini zofuzo kuneziqondiso ezinqumayo ukuthi uhlobo oluthile lwesilwane luyophila isikhathi eside kangakanani.” Isikhathi sokuphila sihlelwe ngaphakathi ezakhini zofuzo. Kodwa njengoba ukuphela kwaleso sikhathi sokuphila kusondela, yini ebangela ukuba zonke izimiso zomzimba ziqale ukuyeka ukusebenza?

Isazi sezinhlayiya zamangqamuzana omzimba uDkt. John Medina siyabhala: “Kubonakala sengathi kunezimpawu eziyimfihlo ezimane zivele ngezikhathi ezithile bese zitshela amangqamuzana ukuba ayeke ukwenza imisebenzi avame ukuyenza lapho esekhulile.” Sithi futhi: “Kukhona izakhi zofuzo ezitshela amangqamuzana, empeleni zonke izingxenye zomzimba, ukuba ziguge bese ziyafa.”

Umzimba wethu ungafaniswa nenkampani esinamashumi eminyaka iphumelela ebhizinisini layo. Kungazelelwe abaphathi bayo bayayeka ukuqasha nokuqeqesha izisebenzi ezintsha, ukulungisa nokufaka imishini emisha ngisho nokulungisa noma ukwakha kabusha isakhiwo. Ngokushesha, ibhizinisi liyoqala ukuwohloka. Kodwa kungani bonke labo baphathi beye bashintsha izimiso zabo eziphumelelayo zokuqhuba ibhizinisi? Lowo mbuzo ufana nsé nowezazi zesayensi yokusebenza komzimba ezicwaninga ngokuguga. Incwadi ethi The Clock of Ages ithi: “Lapho izazi zicwaninga ngokuguga, enye yezinto eziyimpicabadala kakhulu ukuzama ukuqonda ukuthi kungani amangqamuzana eyeka ukuzandisa, abese eqala ukufa.”

Ingabe Kungaqedwa Ukuguga?

Ukuguga kuye kwachazwa ngokuthi “kuyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke izinkinga zokusebenza komzimba.” Ngemva kwemizamo yamashumi amaningi eminyaka, ukucwaninga kwesayensi kuye kwehluleka ukwambula imbangela yokuguga, ingasaphathwa eyokuthola ikhambi lokukuqeda. Ngo-2004 umagazini i-Scientific American wawunesixwayiso esakhishwa izazi zesayensi ezingu-51 ezicwaninga ngokuguga. Wathi: “Alikho ikhambi elitholakalayo njengamanje—ngisho nelilodwa—eliye labonakala linamandla okubamba, okuqeda, noma okuhlehlisa ukuguga kwabantu.” Nakuba ukudla nokuvivinya umzimba ngokulinganisela kungase kuyithuthukise impilo futhi kunciphise namathuba okuba umuntu abulawe isifo esithile ngaphambi kwesikhathi, akukho okuye kwabonakala kunamandla okuhlehlisa ukuguga. Lezi ziphetho zisikhumbuza la mazwi atholakala eBhayibhelini ashiwo uJesu: “Ubani kini ongathi ngokukhathazeka anezele ingalo eyodwa esikhathini sakhe sokuphila?”—Mathewu 6:27.

Efingqa intuthuko esifinyelelwe emizamweni yokuthola ikhambi lokuguga, uMedina uyabhala: “Okokuqala nje, asazi ngempela ukuthi kungani siguga. . . . Ngemva kokuqala umkhankaso wokulwa nomdlavuza emashumini eminyaka adlule, asikalitholi namanje ikhambi lokuwuqeda. Ukuguga kuyinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu kunezinqubo ezibangela umdlavuza.”

Ukucwaninga Kuholela Esiphethweni Esibalulekile

Ukucwaninga okuye kwenziwa ngendlela izinto eziphilayo ezisebenza ngayo nesizathu sokuba ziguge akuzange kuwaqede wonke amathemba okuphila isikhathi eside. Abanye baye bathola ukuthi ukucwaninga kwabo kuye kwabaphoqelela ukuba bafinyelele isiphetho esibalulekile ekuqondeni ukuguga. Isazi sokusebenza kwamakhemikhali emangqamuzaneni ezinto eziphilayo, uMichael Behe, siyabhala: “Kule minyaka engamashumi amane edlule isayensi yanamuhla yokusebenza kwamakhemikhali ezintweni eziphilayo iye yembula izimfihlo zamangqamuzana. . . . Umphumela wale mizamo eminingi yokucwaninga indlela yokusebenza kwamangqamuzana—ngisho nezinhlayiya—iwubufakazi obusobala nobungenakuphikwa bokuthi izinto eziphilayo ‘zaklanywa!’” Kukhona umuntu ohlakaniphile owaklama izinto eziphilayo. Yiqiniso, akuqali ngoBehe ukufinyelela kuleso siphetho. Ngemva kokuzindla ngendlela umzimba womuntu owakheke ngayo, umhubi wamandulo wabhala: “Ngenziwe ngokumangalisayo ngendlela eyesabekayo.”—IHubo 139:14.

Uma zonke izinto eziphilayo zaklanywa, khona-ke kuphakama umbuzo ovusa ilukuluku, Ingabe uNkulunkulu, uMklami Omkhulu, wadala abantu ngenjongo yokuba baphile isikhathi esicishe silingane nesezilwane eziningi, noma ufuna ukuba siphile isikhathi eside kunezilwane?

[Umbhalo waphansi]

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 6]

‘Senziwe ngokumangalisayo’

[Isithombe ekhasini 4, 5]

Ingabe ukuguga kubangelwa ukuwohloka kwamangqamuzana?

[Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 6]

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