Ingabe Kufanele Ukholelwe Emfundisweni Yokuphindukuzalwa?

ISAZI sefilosofi esingumGreki uPlato sahlobanisa ukuthanda umuntu nomqondo wokuphindukuzalwa. Sasikholelwa ukuthi ngemva kokufa komzimba, umphefumulo, njengoba ungafi, uthuthela kulokho okuye kwabizwa ngokuthi “indawo yezithunzi ezimsulwa.” Njengoba ungenamzimba, uhlala lapho isikhathi esithile, uhlola izithunzi. Lapho kamuva ungena ngokusha komunye umzimba, ukhumbula kalufifi indawo yezithunzi futhi uyilangazelele. NgokukaPlato, umuntu uthanda othile ngoba esuke ebona kulowo amthandayo isithunzi sobuhle asicabangayo, asikhumbula kalufifi nasifunayo.

Ukubona Umthombo Nesisekelo

Imfundiso yokuphindukuzalwa idinga ukuba umphefumulo ube ongafi. Khona-ke, umkhondo wokuqala kokuphindukuzalwa kumelwe ulandelelwe kulabo bantu noma izizwe ezazinaleyo nkolelo. Benalesi sisekelo, abanye bacabanga ukuthi yasuka eGibithe lasendulo. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi yaqala eBabiloni lakudala. Ukuze batholele inkolo yaseBabiloni udumo, abapristi bayo bahlongoza imfundiso yokuthutha komphefumulo. Kanjalo babekwazi ukubiza amaqhawe abo enkolo ngawoyisemkhulu abadumile abase bephinde bazalwa, nakuba babefe kudala.

Nokho, kuseNdiya lapho inkolelo yokuphindukuzalwa yachuma khona kakhulu. Izihlakaniphi ezingamaHindu zazishikashikana nezinkinga zendawo yonke zobubi nokuhlupheka kwabantu. ‘Kungavunyelaniswa kanjani lokhu nomqondo wokuthi uMdali ulungile?’ zibuza. Zazama ukuxazulula ukungqubuzana okuphakathi kokulunga kukaNkulunkulu nezinhlekelele ezingenakubonwa kusengaphambili nokungalingani okusezweni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zakha “umthetho we-karma,” umthetho wembangela nomphumela—‘lokho akuhlwanyelayo umuntu, lokho wokuvuna.’ Zahlela ‘ishadi lokuhlaziya’ elinemininingwane elibonisa izenzo ezinhle nezimbi ekuphileni zivuzwa noma zibangela isijeziso ekuphileni okulandelayo.

Elithi “karma” limane lisho “isenzo.” Kuthiwa umHindu une-karma enhle uma enza ngokuvumelana namasiko angokwenhlalo nangokwenkolo futhi une-karma embi uma engenzi kanjalo. Isenzo sakhe, noma i-karma, inquma ikusasa lakhe isikhathi ngasinye lapho ephinda ezalwa. “Bonke abantu bazalwa benomklamo wobuntu, ohlelwe ikakhulukazi izenzo zabo zasekuphileni okudlule, nakuba izici zabo ezingokomzimba zinqunywa ufuzo,” kusho isazi sefilosofi uNikhilananda. “[Kanjalo] umuntu ungumklami walokho akudalelwe, umakhi wekusasa lakhe siqu.” Nokho, umgomo oyinhloko uwukuphuma kulomjikelezo wokuthutha, uhlangane noBrahman—okungokoqobo okuphakeme. Kukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kufinyelelwa ngokuzama ukuziphatha ngendlela eyamukelekayo emphakathini nokuba nolwazi olukhethekile lwenkolo yobuHindu.

Ngakho imfundiso yokuphindukuzalwa isebenzisa inkolelo yokungafi komphefumulo njengesisekelo sayo bese yakhela kuyo isebenzisa umthetho we-karma. Ake sibone ukuthi iZwi likaNkulunkulu eliphefumulelwe, iBhayibheli, lithini ngokuqondene nalemiqondo.

Ingabe Umphefumulo Awufi?

Ukuze siphendule lombuzo, masiphendukele egunyeni eliphakeme kunawo wonke kulendaba—iZwi loMdali eliphefumulelwe. Encwadini yeBhayibheli yokuqala ngqá, uGenesise, sithola incazelo enembile yegama elithi “umphefumulo.” Ngokuqondene nokudalwa komuntu wokuqala, u-Adamu, iBhayibheli lithi: “UJehova uNkulunkulu wambumba umuntu ngomhlabathi, waphefumulela emakhaleni akhe umoya wokuphila; umuntu waba-kanjalo umphefumulo ophilayo.” (Genesise 2:7) Kuyacaca ukuthi umphefumulo awukona okuthile umuntu anakho kodwa uyilokho ayikho. Igama lesiHeberu elisetshenziswe lapha kwelithi umphefumulo lithi neʹphesh. Livela izikhathi ezingaba ngu-700 eBhayibhelini, futhi alibhekiseli engxenyeni yomuntu ehlukile engabonakali kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi libhekisela entweni ebambekayo nengokoqobo.—Jobe 6:7; IHubo 35:13; 107:9; 119:28.

Kwenzekani emphefumulweni ekufeni? Cabanga ngalokho okwenzeka ku-Adamu lapho efa. Lapho ona, uNkulunkulu wamtshela: “[Uyakubuyela] emhlabathini, lokhu wathathwa kuwo; ngokuba ungumhlabathi, uyakuphenduka umhlabathi.” (Genesise 3:19) Cabanga ngalokho okushiwo yilokhu. Ngaphambi kokuba uNkulunkulu amdale ngothuli, u-Adamu wayengekho. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, u-Adamu wabuyela esimweni esifanayo sokungabi bikho.

Kalula nje, iBhayibheli lifundisa ukuthi ukufa kungokuphambene nokuphila. KumShumayeli 9:5, 10, siyafunda: “Abaphilayo bayazi ukuthi bayakufa, kepha abafileyo abazi-lutho, futhi abasenawo umvuzo, ngokuba ukukhunjulwa kwabo sekukhohlakele. Konke isandla sakho esikufumanayo ukukwenza, kwenze ngamandla akho, ngokuba akukho-msebenzi, namcabango, nakwazi, nakuhlakanipha endaweni yabafileyo, lapho uya khona.”

Lokhu kusho ukuthi abafileyo abakwazi kwenza lutho noma ukuzwa. Abasenamicabango, futhi abakhumbuli lutho. Umhubi uthi: “Ningethembi ezikhulwini nasendodaneni yomuntu okungekho kuyo ukusiza. Umoya wakhe uyaphuma, yena abuyele emhlabathini wakhe; ngalona lolosuku amacebo akhe ayaphela.”—IHubo 146:3, 4.

IBhayibheli likubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi ekufeni umphefumulo awuthutheli komunye umzimba, kodwa uyafa. “Umphefumulo owonayo uyakufa,” kusho iBhayibheli ngokugcizelela. (Hezekeli 18:4, 20; IzEnzo 3:23; IsAmbulo 16:3) Ngakho, imfundiso yokungafi komphefumulo—sona kanye isisekelo senkolelo-mbono yokuphindukuzalwa—ayisekelwa ndawo emiBhalweni. Ngaphandle kwayo, lenkolelo-mbono ayinakuma. Khona-ke, kungani kunalokhu kuhlupheka esikubona ezweni?

Kungani Abantu Behlupheka?

Isizathu esiyisisekelo sokuhlupheka kwabantu siwukungapheleli sonke esikuzuza njengefa ku-Adamu owona. “Ngomuntu oyedwa isono sangena ezweni nokufa kwangena ngesono, futhi kanjalo ukufa kwasakazekela kubantu bonke ngenxa yokuthi bonke bonile,” kusho iBhayibheli. (Roma 5:12) Njengoba sizalwa ngu-Adamu, sonke siyagula, siyaguga futhi siyafa.—IHubo 41:1, 3; Filipi 2:25-27.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthetho wokuziphatha ongenakuguqulwa woMdali uthi: “Ningadukiswa: UNkulunkulu akayena owokuhlekwa insini. Ngoba noma yini umuntu ayihlwanyelayo, uyovuna yona futhi; ngoba lowo ohlwanyela enombono wenyama yakhe uyovuna ukonakala enyameni yakhe.” (Galathiya 6:7, 8) Ngakho indlela yokuphila ngokuziphatha okuxekethile ingase iholele ekucindezelekeni ngokomzwelo, ukukhulelwa okungafunwa nezifo ezidluliselwa ngobulili. “Isilinganiso esishaqisayo samaphesenti angu-30 abantu ababulawa umdlavuza [e-United States] ngokuyinhloko sibangelwa ukubhema, futhi isilinganiso esifanayo sibangelwa yindlela yokuphila, ikakhulukazi imikhuba yokudla nokungavivinyi umzimba,” kusho umagazini i-Scientific American. Ezinye izinhlekelele ezibangela ukuhlupheka zibangelwa ukuphatha kabi komuntu imithombo yomhlaba.—Qhathanisa nesAmbulo 11:18.

Yebo, ngumuntu okufanele asolwe ngokuhlupheka kwakhe okuningi. Nokho, njengoba umphefumulo ufa, umthetho ‘wokuvuna okuhlwanyelayo’ awunakusetshenziswa ekuhlobaniseni ukuhlupheka kwabantu ne-karma—izenzo zalokho okuthiwa ukuphila okudlule. “Lowo ofile ukhululiwe esonweni sakhe,” kusho iBhayibheli. (Roma 6:7, 23) Ngakho isithelo sesono akudlulelwa naso ekuphileni kwangemva kokufa.

USathane uDeveli naye ubangela ukuhlupheka okuningi. Eqinisweni, lelizwe libuswa uSathane. (1 Johane 5:19) Futhi njengoba uJesu Kristu abikezela, abafundi baKhe babeyoba ‘izinto zokuzondwa abantu bonke ngenxa yegama lakhe.’ (Mathewu 10:22) Ngenxa yalokho, abalungile ngokuvamile babhekana nezinkinga eziningi kunababi.

Kulelizwe kunezinye izenzakalo ezenzekayo ezingabonakali kalula izimbangela zazo. Umsubathi ophambili angase akhubeke futhi ehlulwe emjahweni. Ibutho lempi elinamandla lingase linqotshwe amabutho amancane. Indoda ehlakaniphile ingase ihluleke ukuthola umsebenzi okahle futhi ngenxa yalokho ilambe. Ngenxa yezimo ezithile, abantu abakuqonda kahle kakhulu ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi bangase bahluleke ukusebenzisa ulwazi lwabo futhi ngenxa yalokho bazithole bempofu. Abantu abanolwazi bangase bazibangele ulaka lwalabo abasegunyeni futhi babe nyamana mbana. Kungani kunjalo? “Ngokuba bonke bahlangabezana nesikhathi nethuba,” kuphendula inkosi ehlakaniphile uSolomoni.—UmShumayeli 9:11.

Isintu sasihlupheka ngaphambili kakhulu kokuba izihlakaniphi ezingamaHindu zizame ukuchaza ukuthi kungani kunokuhlupheka. Kodwa ingabe likhona ithemba lekusasa elingcono? Futhi isiphi isithembiso iBhayibheli elisiphathele abafileyo?

Ikusasa Elinokuthula

UMdali uye wathembisa ukuthi ngokushesha uzowuqeda lomphakathi wezwe wamanje olawulwa uSathane. (IzAga 2:21, 22; Daniyeli 2:44) Umphakathi wesintu omusha olungile—“umhlaba omusha”—uyoba khona ngokoqobo ngaleso sikhathi. (2 Petru 3:13) Ngaleso sikhathi “abakhé khona abayikusho ukuthi: Ngiyagula.” (Isaya 33:24) Ngisho nomunyu wokufa uyosuswa, ngoba uNkulunkulu ‘uyosula zonke izinyembezi emehlweni abo, futhi ukufa ngeke kusaba khona, noma ukulila noma ukukhala noma ubuhlungu ngeke kusaba khona. Izinto zangaphambili zidlulile.’—IsAmbulo 21:4.

Ngokuqondene nezakhamuzi zezwe elisha esilithenjiswe uNkulunkulu, umhubi wabikezela: “Abalungileyo bazakudla ifa lomhlaba, bahlale kuwo njalonjalo.” (IHubo 37:29) Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathobekileyo ‘bayothokoza ngokuthula okukhulu.’—IHubo 37:11.

UMukundbhai, okukhulunywe ngaye esihlokweni esandulele, ulale ekufeni engazi ngezithembiso ezimangalisayo zikaNkulunkulu. Kodwa izigidi eziye zafa zingamazi uNkulunkulu zinethemba lokuvuselwa ezweni elinjalo elisha elinokuthula, ngoba iBhayibheli liyathembisa: “Luyoba khona uvuko kokubili olwabalungileyo nabangalungile.”—IzEnzo 24:15; Luka 23:43.

Igama elithi “uvuko” lapha lihunyushwe lisuselwa egameni lesiGreki elithi a·naʹsta·sis, ngokwezwi nezwi elisho “ukuphinda usukume.” Ngakho uvuko luhilela ukuvuselela indlela yokuphila yalowo muntu.

UMdali wezulu nomhlaba unokuhlakanipha okungalinganiselwe. (Jobe 12:13) Ukukhumbula indlela yokuphila yabafileyo akuyona inkinga kuye. (Qhathanisa no-Isaya 40:26.) Futhi uJehova uNkulunkulu unothando oluchichimayo. (1 Johane 4:8) Ngakho, angasebenzisa inkumbulo yakhe ephelele, hhayi ukuze ajezise abafileyo ngenxa yokubi abakwenzile, kodwa ukuze ababuyisele ekuphileni emhlabeni oyipharadesi benobuntu ababenabo ngaphambi kokufa.

Ezigidini ezinjengoMukundbhai, uvuko luyosho ukuphinda zibe nabathandekayo bazo. Kodwa cabanga lokho olungase lukusho kulabo abaphilayo manje. Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga ngendodana kaMukundbhai eye yazi iqiniso elimangalisayo ngoNkulunkulu nezinjongo zakhe. Yeka indlela okumduduza ngayo ukwazi ukuthi uyise akavalelekile emjikelezweni cishe ongapheli wokuzalwa ngokusha, onokuphila ngakunye okugcwele ububi nokuhlupheka! Umane nje ulele ekufeni, ulindele uvuko. Yeka indlela okuvusa amadlingozi ngayo kuyo ukucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ngolunye usuku ixoxele uyise lokho eye yakufunda eBhayibhelini!

Kuyintando kaNkulunkulu ukuba “zonke izinhlobo zabantu zisindiswe futhi zifinyelele olwazini olunembile lweqiniso.” (1 Thimothewu 2:3, 4) Manje yisikhathi sokufunda indlela ongaphila ngayo phakade emhlabeni oyipharadesi, kanye nezigidi zabanye esezenza intando kaNkulunkulu kakade.—Johane 17:3.

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“Bonke bahlangabezana nesikhathi nethuba.”—UmShumayeli 9:11

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Ubuntu BukaNkulunkulu Nomthetho We-karma

“Umthetho we-Karma,” kuchaza uMohandas K. Gandhi, “awuguquki futhi akunakwenzeka ukuwugwema. Ngakho asikho isidingo sokuba uNkulunkulu angenele. Kunjengokungathi wabeka umthetho wayesethula ebukela.” UGandhi wakuthola kuphazamisa lokhu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isithembiso sovuko sembula ukuthi uNkulunkulu unesithakazelo esijulile endalweni yakhe. Ukuze abuyisele umuntu ofile ekuphileni emhlabeni oyipharadesi, uNkulunkulu kudingeka azi futhi akhumbule konke ngalowo muntu. Ngempela uNkulunkulu ukhathalela ngamunye wethu.—1 Petru 5:6, 7.

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Isondo lokuphila lamaHindu

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IZwi likaNkulunkulu lifundisa ngovuko