Balefwayafwaya Umusebo Wa Kamfyemfye

MUPEPI ne myaka 550 iyapita, amabumba yanono aya bantu abaleitunga ukuba Abena Kristu yashiile amayanda yabo. Aba bantu bafumine mu misumba ya Prague, Chelčice, Vilémov, Klatovy, ne misumba imbi mu calo ico nomba beta ati Czech Republic. Baileikala mupepi no mushi wa Kunwald, mu mukonko uwaba pa kati ka kapinda ka ku kuso na kabanga ka Bohemia. Kulya e ko bakuulile amayanda yanono, ukulima amabala, ukulabelenga Baibolo no kuinika ati Aba bwananyina Abaikatana.

Aba bantu bali ne nkulilo shalekanalekana. Pali aba pali abalimi, bashimucindikwa, abasambi ba pa yuniversti, abakankaala na bapiina, abaume na banakashi, inshiwa na bamukamfwilwa, kabili bonse balefwaya ukupwishisha icintu cimo cine. Balembele ati: “Twalipepele kuli Lesa, no kumulomba ukuti atusokolwele ubufwayo bwakwe mu fintu fyonse. Twalefwaya ukulaenda mu nshila shakwe.” Cine cine, aba Bwananyina Abaikatana nelyo aba Bwananyina ba ku Czech, nga fintu baishileishibikwa mu kupita kwa nshita, balefwayafwaya ‘umusebo uutwala ku bumi.’ (Mateo 7:13, 14) Pa numa ya kufwayafwaya mu Baibolo, bushe cine nshi basangile? Bushe ifisumino fyabo fyapusene shani ne fyo bambi basumine pali ilya nshita, kabili cinshi twingasambililako?

Balikeene Ulukaakala Pamo no Kunenuka mu fyo Basumine

Mu kati ka myaka ya ba 1400, utubungwe twa mipepele utwingi na to twalilengele ukuti iyi mipepele ya aba Bwananyina Abaikatana ibeko. Pali utu tubungwe, pali na kabungwe ka bena Waldo akatendeke muli ba 1100. Pa kubala, abena Waldo bafumine mu mipepele ya ciRoma Katolika

iyali e mipepele ya Fyalo fyabela mu Central Europe. Ilyo papitile inshita, aka kabungwe katendeke ukusambilisha ififundisho fya ciKatolika na kabili. Ibumba limbi ilyatungilile aba Bwananyina Abaikatana libumba lya basambi ba kwa Jan Hus. Abena Hus bali e bumba likalamba ilya mipepele mu Czech, lelo tabaikatene. Akalibumba kamo kalelwisha imilandu yakumine ubwikashi, lyene kambi kalebomfya amapepo ku kutungilila ubupolitiki. Bambi abatungilile aba Bwananyina, basambi ba Baibolo aba mu Czech na ba mu fyalo fimbi ne mipepele yasumine mu kuteeka kwa myaka 1000 ukwa kwa Yesu.

Peter Chelčický (uwaliko mupepi na 1390-1460), umusambi wa Baibolo uwa mu Czech kabili uwa-alwile ifyo abantu basuminemo, alishibe ifyo abena Waldo na bena Hus balesambilisha. Alekele ukukonka abena Hus pantu batendeke ukucita ulukakaala, kabili alisuulile abena Waldo pantu balekele ukukonka ifyo basuminemo. Atile Abena Kristu tabafwile ukulwa inkondo. Asumine ukuti “ifunde lya kwa Kristu” lifwile ukutungulula Abena Kristu, te mulandu ne fingafumamo. (Abena Galatia 6:2; Mateo 22:37-39) Mu 1440, Chelčický alembele ififundisho fyakwe mwi buuku lyaleti network of faith.

Gregory uwa ku Prague, uwacaice uwalipo pa nshita imo ine na Chelčický, alitemenwe sana ififundisho fya kwa Chelčický ica kuti alekele ukukonka abena Hus. Mu 1458, Gregory alengele amabumba yanono aya bantu bali kale abena Hus abaleikala mu ncende shalekanalekana isha mu Czechia ukusha amayanda yabo. Aba bali pa bamukonkele ku mushi wa Kunwald uko bapangile imipepele iipya. Ilyo papitile inshita, amabumba ya bena Waldo aba ku Czech na ku German bailundile kuli bene.

Ica Kutwafwa Ukwishiba Ifyo aba Bwananyina Basuminemo

Ukufuma mu 1464 ukufika mu 1467, ili bumba lipya ilyalekula lubilo lubilo lyalekumana imiku iingi mu citungu ca Kunwald no kusuminishanya pa fyo imipepele yabo iipya yali no kulakonka. Fyonse ifyo basuminishenye balifilembele mu fitabo, ifyo baleita ati Acta Unitatis Fratrum (Imilimo ya ba Bwananyina), ifyabapo na pali ino ine nshita. Ifi fitabo filatwafwa ukwishiba bwino bwino ifyo aba Bwananyina basuminemo. Muli ifi fitabo mwalembwa amakalata, ama-autulaini ya malyashi, ukusanshako fye ne fyo balekansana.

Ifitabo fya Acta fisosa pa fisumino fya ba Bwananyina, ati: “Twasuminishenye ukulatungululwa na Baibolo fye no kulakonka ica kumwenako ca kwa Shikulu ne ca batakatifu, pamo nga ukwetetula, ukuicefya no kushishimisha, ukutemwa abalwani besu, ukubacitila ifisuma, no kubapepelako.” Na kabili ifyalembwa filanga ukuti pa kubala aba Bwananyina baleshimikila. Pa kushimikila bale-enda babili babili, kabili abanakashi na bo bene baleshimikila. Aba Bwananyina tabalekwata ififulo fya bupolitiki, tabalelapa imilapo, tabalebomba incito sha bushilika kabili tabale-enda ne fyanso.

Abaali Abaikatana Bapaatukana

Pa numa ya myaka iingi, aba Bwananyina Abaikatana balifililwe ukutwalilila ukwikatana. Ifikansa pa fyo bali no kucita pa kukonka ifisumino fyabo fyalengele ukuti bapaatukane. Mu 1494 aba Bwananyina balipaatukene mu mabumba yabili—Ilikalamba ne Linono. Ilyo Ibumba Likalamba lyaleya lilenashako ifisumino fyaliko ifya kubalilapo, Ibumba Linono lyena lyaleshimikila ukuti aba Bwananyina tabafwile ukuipoosa mu mapolitiki na mu milandu ya calo.—Moneni umukululo uleti “Cali Shani kwi Bumba Likalamba?”

Ku ca kumwenako, umo uwa mwi Bumba Linono alembele ati: “Kuti ca-afya ku bantu abale-enda pa misebo ibili ukutwalilila ukuba ku lubali lwa kwa Lesa, pantu te lyonse kabili te mu fintu fyonse bengalainashisha kuli Wene mu kuitemenwa, pantu inshita iikulu bakalacita ifilebasekesha . . . Ifwe tufwaya ukuba pa kati ka bantu abashangila mu matontonkanyo kabili ababa na kampingu musuma—cila bushiku abasenda umusalaba no kukonka Shikulu Kristu pa musebo wa kamfyemfye.”

Aba mwi Bumba Linono basumine ukuti umupashi wa mushilo maka yabomba aya kwa Lesa, e kutila “umunwe” wakwe. Basumine ukuti icilubula bumi ubwapwililika ubo Yesu alipile ku kubwesha ico Adamu umubembu alufishe. Tabalepepa Maria, nyina wa kwa Yesu. Kabili babweseshe icisumino ca kuti bonse abasumina bali ni bashimapepo abashalekabila ukulapa imilapo ya bushimbe. Balekoselesha aba mu cilonganino cabo bonse ukulashimikila ku cintubwingi kabili baletamfya ababembu abashilapila. Balekana ukubomba incito ya bushilika nelyo ukuipoosa mu mapolitiki. (Moneni umukululo “Ifyo aba Bwananyina ba mwi Bumba Linono basumine.”) Apo aba mwi Bumba Linono balekonka ifyo basuminishenye no kulemba mu fitabo fya Acta, baleimona nge mpyani sha cine cine isha ba Bwananyina Abaikatana.

Balipamine Ukusosa Ifyo Basumine Kabili Balipakeswe

Aba mwi Bumba Linono mu kupama balesuusha aba mu mipepele imbi, ukusanshako na ba mwi Bumba Likalamba. Balembele pa lwa mipepele imbi abati “Musambilisha ukuti abana banono abashakwata na citetekelo bafwile ukubatishiwa. Mukonka ififundisho fya kwa shikofu uo beta ati Dionysius, untu abawelewele bacincishe ukuti akomaile pa kubatishiwa kwa tunya . . . Icifundisho cimo cine e co basuminamo na bakasambilisha abengi na bashing’anga, Luther, Melanchthon, Bucerus, Korvin, Jiles, Bullinger, . . . na ba mwi Bumba Likalamba kumo.”

E mulandu wine, aba mwi Bumba Linono bapakashilwe. Mu 1524 intungulushi yabo imo, Jan Kalenec, bali-ifopawile no kuyoca ku cikabilila icikalamba. Pa numa, batatu aba mwi Bumba Linono balibakakile pa fimuti no kuboca. Cimoneka kwati Ibumba Linono lyatendeke ukuloba muli ba1550, ilyo intungulushi yabo iya kulekelesha yafwile.

Nangu balobele, aba mwi Bumba Linono balyalwile sana imipepele ya bena Bulaya ba ku kale. Ca cine, apo “ukwishiba” kwali takulafula pa nshita Ibumba Linono lyaliko, ili bumba talyacimfishe imfifi ya ku mupashi iyaliko pa nshita ntali. (Daniele 12:4) Na lyo line, balyangilwe sana ku kufwayafwaya umusebo wa kamfyemfye no ku-ukonkelela te mulandu no kukaanya. Ici cintu cimo Abena Kristu bengasambililako ileelo.

[Amashiwi pe bula 13]

Ifitabo 50 ifyashalapo pa fitabo 60 ifya ku Bohemia (Czech). Batila aba Bwananyina Abaikatana e bafipulintile mu 1500 ukufika mu 1510

[Akabokoshi pe bula 11]

Cali Shani kwi Bumba Likalamba?

Cinshi cacitikile Ibumba Likalamba? Lintu imipepele ye Bumba Linono yalobele, Ibumba Likalamba lyena lyalitwalilile ukuba ibumba lya mipepele, kabili batwalilile ukwitwa ati aba Bwananyina Abaikatana. Ilyo papitile inshita, ili bumba lyalyalwile ifisumino ifya pa kubala. Lintu imyaka ya ba1500 yalepwa, aba Bwananyina Abaikatana baumene akapi na mabumba yalekanalekana aya bali kale abena Hus ba mu Czech,a abalepepa ku Lutheran. Lelo, aba Bwananyina balitwalilile ukupulinta no kusabankanya Baibolo ne fitabo fimbi ifya mapepo. Icawamishe ca kuti pe bula lya ntanshi ilya fitabo fyabo ifya kubalilapo paleba ifilembo fine ifyaleimininako ishina lya kwa Lesa mu ciHebere.

Mu 1620, ba Roma Katolika mu maka batendeke ukutungulula icalo ca Czech Republic. Ici calengele aba Bwananyina ba mwi Bumba Likalamba abengi ukukuukila ku fyalo fimbi no kutwalilila ukubomba imilimo yabo. Kabili balyalwile ishina, batendeke ukubeta ati Icalici lya bena Morovia (Morovia yaba pa fyalo fyapanga Czech). Ili Calici epo lyaba na nomba.

[Amafutunoti]

[Akabokoshi pe bula 12]

Ifyo Aba Bwananyina ba mwi Bumba Linono Basumine

Ifyebo fyakonkapo fyambwilwe mu fitabo fya Acta Unitatis Fratrum ifya muli ba 1400 ukufika muli ba 1500. Ifi fyebo filelangilila ifyo aba mwi Bumba Linono basumine. Aya mashiwi, ayalembelwe ne ntungulushi she Bumba Linono, yalungatikwe ku ba mwi Bumba Likalamba.

Bulesa Butatu: “Nga mwalolesha muli Baibolo yonse, tamwakasange apo yalanda ati Lesa alyakanikanamo patatu, e kutila abantu batatu abakwata amashina yalekanalekana, nga fintu abantu batontonkanya.”

Umupashi wa mushilo: “Umupashi wa mushilo munwe wa kwa Lesa kabili ica bupe ca kwa Lesa, nangu kasansamusha, nelyo Amaka ya kwa Lesa, ayo apeela ku basumina ukupitila muli Kristu. Mu Malembo ya Mushilo tatusangamo ukuti umupashi wa mushilo kuti waitwa ati Lesa nelyo Umuntu; nangu batakatifu bene te fyo balesambilisha.”

Bushimapepo: “Bamupeela ilumbo lya kuti “shimapepo,” ilishamulinga; batila nga tamukwete akasote ka bushimapepo nelyo amafuta, ninshi tamupusene no muntu-untu fye. Petro Umutakatifu afwaya Abena Kristu bonse ukuba bashimapepo, atila: Ni mwe bashimapepo aba mushilo abapeela amalambo ya ku mupashi. (1 Petro 2)”

Ulubatisho: “Shikulu Kristu aebele abatumwa bakwe ati: Kabiyeni pano calo ponse no kushimikila ilandwe ku fibumbwa fyonse, kuli bonse abengasumina. (Marko, icipandwa 16) Kabili nga basumina: no kubatishiwa, bakapusuka. Imwe musambilisha ukuti abana abanono abashakwata na citetekelo bafwile ukubatishiwa.”

Ukukanaipoosa mu Milandu ya Calo: “Bamunyinenwe ba ku kale basumine ukuti, ukuba umushilika no kwipaya nelyo ukwenda ne fyanso mu musebo, kwalibipa kabili kwalikowela. Lelo imwe mumona fyonse ifi ukuti fisuma . . . E co ifwe tulemona ukuti imwe, capamo na bakasambilisha bambi, tamwaumfwikisha ifyebo fya kusesema ifitila: Lyene afunine imifwi ya buta iya maka, inkwela, no lupanga, no bulwi. (Amalumbo 75 [Amalumbo 76, muli Baibele wa Mushilo]) Ifyebo na fimbi ifya kusesemo fitila: Tabakacite bubi, kabili tabakonaule, mu lupili lwandi lwa mushilo monse, pantu icalo ca kwa shikulu cikesulamo ukwishiba Lesa. (Esaya icipandwa 11).”

Ukushimikila: “Twalishiba ukuti pa kubala abanakashi balyafwile abantu abengi ukulapila ukucila bashimapepo bonse na bashikofu. Nomba bashimapepo bena bekala fye mu mayanda ya bapatili. We cilubo ulakula! Kabiyeni pano calo ponse. Shimikileni . . . ku fibumbwa fyonse.”

[Amamapu pe bula 10]

GERMANY

POLAND

CZECH REPUBLIC

BOHEMIA

Umumana wa Elbe

PRAGUE

Umumana wa Vltava

Klatovy

Chelčice

Kunwald

Vilémov

MORAVIA

Umumana wa Danube

[Ifikope pe bula 10, 11]

Ku kuso: Peter Chelcicky; pe samba: ibula lya mu citabo ca “Net of the Faith”

[Icikope pe bula 11]

Gregory wa ku Prague

[Abatusuminishe Ukubomfya Icikope pe bula 13]

Ifikope fyonse fyaba: S laskavým svolením knihovny Národního muzea v Praze, C̆esko